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PHP AND MYSQL DATABASE by sandeep kumar 2013
PROJECT REPORT
for Six Weeks Industrial Training
At
Websphere Technologies
“ PHP AND MYSQL DATABASE”
SUBMITTED TO: SUBMITTED BY:
MR.PARVEEN SHARMA ER.SANDEEP KUMAR
H.O.D IN CSE DEPTT. ROLL NO.1410014
SKIET, KURUKSHETRA CSE 3RD YEAR – A1
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PHP AND MYSQL DATABASE by sandeep kumar 2013
SHRI KRISHAN INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
KURUKSHETRA – 136118 (HARYANA)
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I Would like to thank “SKIET, college” for giving me the opportunity to
experience industrial atmosphere for six week during my academic term. I can feel
that I am much better engineer after this training. I would like to thank
“WEBSPHERE TECHNOLOGIES” for accommodating me & trusting my
capability as in Engineer. I have deep regards of Mr. K.S Shillay(Guide) for taking
me under their able guidance and giving me the freedom to exercise my idea in the
best possible way such that the learning was at its peak. I could not have performed
better under any circumstances.
I wish to express my appreciation to all those with I worked/interacted and their
thoughts & insights helped me in broadening my understanding & knowledge of
working in a corporate atmosphere.
(Sandeep Kumar)
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1. COMPANY PROFILE
1.1 About Company PhilosophyTelecommunications Consultants India Ltd (TCIL) is a leading ISO - 9001:2000 certified
public sector undertaking. TCIL, a premier telecommunication consultancy consultancy
and engineering company with a strong base in Telecommunication & Information
Technology (IT), was incorporated in 1978 by Department of Telecommunications
(DOT), Government of India under the aegis of Ministry of Communications, headed by
Minister of Communications and Information Technology. There are four PSUs under
DoT. TCIL is one of them. Other being Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited (BSNL),
Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Ltd.(MTNL) ITI Limited.Backed by the vast network of
DoT/BSNL/MTNL, in terms of trained and experienced manpower, research &
development and training facilities, TCIL has made rapid strides. Today TCIL offers total
telecom solutions for projects. TCIL has working is works in almost 45 Countries mainly
in Middle East Africa, South-East Africa, South-East Asia and Europe. The
Organizational Structure is formed with the objectives of providing globally world-class
technology and Indian expertise all fields of Telecommunications and to provide total
Quality in project execution. TCIL-IT, Information Technology is a division of TCIL
Managed by ICSI.
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1.2 TRAINING
The business of TCIL is characterized by Hi-tech mainly in the field of Telecom and IT, and
technology in this area is advancing very fast and with the view to keep update with the latest
technology TCIL undertakes training activities either through its own resources or through
external agencies. TCIL is having strategic tie-up with Advanced Level Telecom Centre of Govt.
of India.TCIL has also established its Training Centre TCIL- IT which is running various courses
duly approved by Department of Electronics, Govt. of India.TCIL has also organized a number
of training programmes catering to specific requirements of Telecom PTTs viz. Nigeria, Kuwait,
Maldives and Republic of Yemen to develop the Telecom business in foreign countries.TCIL has
established Training centers in Afghanistan and is also in the process of training their personnel
in India.
VISION
“To excel in providing communication solutions globally by anticipating opportunities in
technology”.
IT SERVICES
Turnkey Solution to meet end-to-end customer requirements
Networking Solutions with total System Integration and Implementations
Project Consultancy services from concept to commissioning
On-site Manpower Support
IT Training
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1.3 JOINT VENTURESTo serve its clients better in different regions of the world, TCIL has entered into strategic
alliances with top national and international enterprises such as:
Hexacom India
Tamilnadu Telecom Ltd.
TCIL Bell South
TCIL Saudi
Telecom Consultants Nigeria
ICSIL
UTL
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2.INTRODUCTION
Project Title : Technical Resources with multi solutions.
Project Duration : 6 Weeks
Project category : Web Based Application.
The project named is Technical Resources with multi solutions developed using PHP during
the industrial training. This project has been developed in partial fulfilment of Requirements for
the degree of B-Tech(CSE), from Shri Krishna Institute Of Engineering and Tecchnology
kurukshetra.
The aim of this project is all about the technical resources used in todays life.This
project is to develop and deploy a web based application for online multiple solution of resources
and there information and makes it easy to undersatnd. It will help you to get infromation for the
resources and it will really help you to interact with technologyvery easily .this website is
actually a vast collection of information that makes you to have selection for the best. One more
thing that is included in this site is that it offers free..The central concept of the application is to
allow the customer to get the desired information.The information pertaining to the products are
store on an RDBMS at the server side .The server process the customers and the cards are
shipped to the address submitted by them.The application was designed into wo modules first Os
for the customers who wish to get information about product.Second is for the producer who
maintains and updates the information pertaining to the articlesand those of the customer.
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2.1 STATEMENT ABOUT PROBLEM
The main purpose of the product specification is to define the need of the product’s user.
Sometimes, the specification may be a part of a contract sign between the producer and the user.
It could also form part of the user manuals. A user‘s needs are sometimes not clearly understood
by the developer. If this is the case, a careful analysis – involving many interactions with the user
should be devoted to reaching a clear statement of requirements; in order to avoid possible
misunderstandings.
Sometimes, at the beginning of a project, even the user has no clear idea of what exactly the
desired product is. Think for instance of user interface , a user with no previous experience with
computer products may not appreciate the difference between , say menu driven interaction and
command line interface. Even an exact formation of system functions and performance may be
missing an initial description produced by an inexperienced user.
2.2 OBJECTIVES OF PROJECT
Whether your focus is personal or professional, this will gives you full information about
the resources..
I like the ‘easy going’ feeling you’ve created around only this project and the ability to
look up your team and investors. But it’s really the service itself that sets you apart.
The re-use of content across multiple web sites or pages creates an enhanced productivity
value.
There is no specific web browser that you must have or install before using.
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2.3 WORKING ENVIRONMENT
Understanding PHP
DEFINITION:
PHP is a widely-used open source general-purpose scripting language that is especially suited for
web development and can be embedded into HTML. It is not platform independent. What
distinguishes PHP from something like client-side JavaScript is that the code is executed on the
server, generating HTML which is then sent to the client. The client would receive the results of
running that script, but would not know what the underlying code was. You can even configure
your web server to process all your HTML files with PHP, and then there's really no way that
users can tell what you have up your sleeve. The best things in using PHP are that it is extremely
simple for a newcomer, but offers many advanced features.Anything, PHP is mainly focused on
server-side scripting, so you can do anything any other CGI program can do, such as collect form
data, generate dynamic page content, or send and receive cookies. There are three main areas
where PHP scripts are used:
• Server-side scripting
• Command line scripting
• Writing desktop applications
2.4 MYSQL SERVER
SQL (Structured Query Language) is a computer language used to store, manipulate, and retrieve
data stored in databases. The first manifestation of SQL appeared in 1974, when a group in IBM
developed the first sample of a relational database. The first commercial relational database was
relesed by relational software.Standards for SQL exist. However, the SQL that can be used on
each one of the major RDBMS today is in different flavors.SQL is short for Structured Query
Language and is a widely used database language, providing means of data manipulation
(store,retrieve,update,delete) and database creation.Systems like MS SQL Server, Microsoft
Access, MSDE, Oracle, DB2, Sybase, MySQL, Postgres and Informix use SQL as standard
database language. Now a word of warning here, although all those RDBMS use SQL, they use
different SQL dialects.
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For example MS SQL Server specific version of the SQL is called T-SQL, Oracle version of
SQL is called PL/SQL, MS Access version of SQL is called JET SQL, etc.
Our SQL tutorial will teach you how to use commonly used SQL commands and you will be
able to apply most of the knowledge gathered from this SQL tutorial to any of the databases
above.This SQL tutorial site lists commonly-used SQL statements, and it covers the following
sections:
1.SQL Data Manipulation Language (DML)
2.SQL Data Defination Language (DDL)
Following are some of the features of MySQL Database:
Manageability
Backup and Recovery
High availability
Business Intelligence
Content Management
Security
Data integrity/Triggers
Information Integration Features
Accepting query language statement
Optimizing queries
Managing data sharing
Managing System catalogs
The MySQL is an open source relational database management system.It is based on the
structure query language(SQL),which is used for adding,removing and modifying information in
the database.Standard SQL commands such as add,drop,insert and update can be used with
MYSQL.MySQL can be used for a variety of applications, but is most commonly found on Web
servers. A website that uses MySQL may include Web pages that access information from a
database. These pages are often referred to as dynamic meaning the content of each page is
generated from a database as the page loads. Websites that use dynamic Web pages are often
referred to as database-driven websites.
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Many database-driven websites that use MySQL also use a Web scripting language like PHP to
access information from the database. MySQL commands can be incorporated into the PHP
code, allowing part or all of a Web page to be generated from database information. Because
both MySQL and PHP are both open source, the PHP/MySQL combination has become a
popular choice for database-driven websites.
2.5 SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS SPECIFICATIONSA software requirements specification (SRS) is a complete description of the system to be
developed. It includes a set of use cases that describes all of the interactions that the users will
have with the software. Use cases are also known as functional requirements. In addition to use
cases, the SRS also contains nonfunctional or supplementary requirements. Non-functional
requirements which impose constraints on the design or implementation such as performance
requirements, quality standards, or design constraints.In system engineering and software
engineering, requirements analysis encompasses those tasks that go into determining the
requirements of a new or altered system, taking account of the possibly conflicting requirements
of the various stakeholders, such as users. Requirements analysis is critical to the success of a
project. The document that contains all the requirements of the project is termed as “Software
Requirement Specification”.
a) Input Specifications:-Input specifications refer to the kind of the input that should be
given to the system.
Design of Input
Input generally refers to what data is given to system so the system can give best output to user.
Input design must be complete, efficient and effective so that we can provide user with desired
output, which he requires.
b) Output Specifications:Output specifications refer to the kind of the output that should be
received from the system.
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Design of Output
Output as you probably know generally refers to the results and information that are generated
by the system. For many end users, output is the main reason for developing the system and the
basis on which they will evaluate the usefulness of the application. Most end users will not
actually operate the information system or enter data through workstation, but they will use the
output from the system.The arrangement of information on a display or printed documented is
termed as layout. Accomplishing the general activities listed above will require specific
decision,such as whether to use preprinted forma when preparing reports and documents, how
many lines to plan on a printed page, or whether to user graphics and color.
The output design is specified on layout forms, sheets that describe the location, characteristics
and format of the column heading and pagination. As we indicated at the beginning of the
discussion these elements are analogous to an architect’s blue-print that show the location of
each component.
Technology Used:-
PHP
JavaScript
CSS
Database Used:-
MySQL SERVER
Solution Strategy:-
The strategy for the system involved studying about the system, stating the problem and
solutions to be provided, determining requirements, hardware, software etc. The team members
sat together, discussed the problem, studied the system, gathered information about the type of
data used in the system, the flow of data, understood the user’s requirements and determine how
to solve the problems. The team leader decided to use spiral model. After developing a simple
solution of the problem, a demo of the developed project is given to the user and according to his
requirements more functionality is added to the project.
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Acceptance Criteria:-
Acceptance criteria are the key to making sure our stories are done, and have as few bugs as
possible. When the criteria are weak, not complete, unclear or misunderstood, this can be the
root of a whole host of problems.Acceptance criteria are a critical point on which a team can
focus to improve results and delivery. Acceptance criteria can be implemented as automated
acceptance tests. The PO, the developers, and the QA people on the team should all be in
agreement that the acceptance tests do illustrate that the software works as desired.Acceptance
criteria can be a tricky bit, especially if the customer and the team don't have much experience at
generating and capturing them. I would definitely consider it a process smell if I saw a
continuing pattern of low quality acceptance criteria. thus the acceptance criteria play a vital role.
Really this can kill a project if left untended to fester on its own. From what I have seen on
several teams, we should all focus more time and effort on acceptance criteria gathering and then
automating it in the sprint as part of the criteria for done.
Feasibility Analysis
The next step in analysis is to verify the feasibility of the proposed system. "All projects are
feasible given unlimited resources and infinite time ". But in reality both resources and time are
scarce. Projects should conform to time bounds and should be optimal in three consumption of
resources. This places a constant on approval any project.
Purpose
The feasibility analysis is designed to determine whether or not, given the project environment, a
project will be successful (in virtually any interpretation of that word). A feasibility analysis may
be conducted for a project with an emphasis on financial viability, environmental integrity,
cultural acceptability, or political practicability. It is a determination as to the likelihood of
success and a description of how that determination was achieved.
Application
Feasibility analyses are used to present an approach or a series of alternatives and to offer
decision-making guidance based on the climate in which the project will evolve. They often
defend a single or primary approach, incorporating extensive forecasts on the project’s
development, as well as its evolution after implementation.
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Feasibility Study Areas:Feasibility as applied to our system pertains to the following areas:
Technical feasibility
Operational feasibility
Economic feasibility
Social feasibility
Management feasibility
Legal feasibility
Technical Feasibility:
Technical feasibility centers on the existing computer systems (hardware, software) to what
extent it can support the proposed addition. For example, if the current computer is operating at
80 percent capacity then running another application could overload the system or require
additional hardware. This involves financial considerations to accommodate technical
enhancements. If budget is a serious constraint, then the project is judged not feasible.In
examining technical feasibility, configuration of the system is given more importance than the
actual make of hardware. The configuration should give the complete picture about the system
requirements. What speeds of input and output should be achieved at particular quality of
printing. The team for developing Resource Tracker System is equipped with all the modern
facilities and the latest software. Therefore as far as the equipment and the software was
concerned there was no problem. Moreover the technical skills required to complete the project
were also present in the form of competent software professionals. Thus the project was
considered technically feasible.
Operation Feasibility:
It is mainly related to human organizational aspects. In this commonly their performed the
operations of each system.
Economic Feasibility:
Economic analysis is the most frequently used technique for evaluating the effectiveness of a
proposed system. More commonly known as cost/benefit analysis, the procedure is to determine
the benefits and saving that are expected from a proposed system and compare them with cost.
If benefits outweigh cost, a decision is taken to design and implement the system.
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Implementation:
Implementation is the stage where thetheoretical design is turned into a working
system.The most crucial stage in achieving a new successful system and in giving
confidence on the new system for the users that it will work efficiently and
effectively.The system can be implemented only after through testing is done and if it is found
to work according to the specification.It involves the careful planning ,investigtion of the current
system and its constraints on imlementation,design of methods to achieve the change over and an
evaluation of changeover methods a part from plannig.Two major tasks of preparing the
implementation are education and training of the users and testing of the system.The more
complex the system being implemented,the more involved will be the system analysis and design
effort required just for implementation.The implementation phase comprises of several
activities.The required hardware and software acquisition is carried out.The system may require
some software to be developed.For this,programs are written and tested.
TESTING:
The testng phase is an important part of software development.It is the process of
finding errors and missing operations and also a complete verification to determine
whether the objectives are met and the user requirements are stisfied.Software
testing is carried out in three steps:
1)Unit Testing:
In unit testing each module is tested to provide its correctness,validity and also
determine any missing operations and to verify whether the objectives have been
met.Errors are notedown and corrected immediately.Unit testing is the important
and major part of the project.So errors are rectified easily in particular module and
program clarity is increased.In this project entire system is divided into several
modules and is developed individually.So unit testing is conducted to individual
and to ve r i fy w he the r t he ob j e c t i ve s ha ve been m e t .E r ro r s a r e no t edow n
and co r r e c t ed i mme d ia t e ly .
2)Integration Testing:
In In t eg ra t i on t e s t i ng i s t he s o f tw a re w hose modu l e s w hen run
ind iv i dua l l y and s howi ng pe r f ec t r e s u l t s ,w i l l a l s o s how pe r f e c t r e su l t s
whe n run a s a w ho le .
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The i nd iv idua l modu l e s a r e c l i pped unde r t h i s ma j o r modu le and t e s t e d
aga i n and ve r i f i ed t he r e r e s u l t s .Th i s i s due t o poo r i n t e r f a c ing ,w h ic h ma y
r e s u l t a i n da t a be ing l o s t a c ro ss an i n t e r f ac e .A modu l e can have in
ade rve r t e t , a dve r s e e f f ec t on a ny o t he r o r on t he g l oba l da t a
s t r uc tu r e s , c aus i ng se r ious p rob lem s . The final step involves validation
andt e s t i n g w h i c h d e t e r m i n e s w h i c h t h e s o f t w a r e functions as the user
expected. Here also somemod i f i ca t i ons we re . I n t he c omple t ion o f t he project
it is satisfied fully by the end user.
Maintenance and Enhancement:
As the number o f c ompu te r ba s ed sy s t e ms ,g r i eve l i b r a r i e s o f com pu te r
so f t wa re began t o expand . In hous e deve loped p ro j ec t s p roduce d to ones o f
t hous and s o f t p rog ram sou rc e s t a t e men t s .S o f tw a re p roduc t s pu rchas ed
f rom the ou t s ide a dded hund reds o f t hous and o f new s t a t e men t s . F ou r t ypes
o f change s are encountered during the maintenance phase:
Correction:
Even with the best quality assurance activities is lightly that the customer will
uncover defects in the software.Corrective maintenance changes the software to
correct defects.Maintenance is a set of software engineering activities that occur
after software has been delievered to the customer and put into operation.Software
configuration management is a set of tracking and control activities that began when
a software project begins and terminates only when the software is taken out of the
operation.
Adaption:
Over time,the original environment for which the software was developed is likely
to change.Adaptive maintenance results in modification to the software to
accommodate change to its external environment.Over time, the original
environment.
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Enhancement:
As software is used,the customer and user will recignize additional functions that
will provide benefit.Perceptive maintenance extends the siftware beyond its original
function requirements.
Prevention:
Computer software deteriorates due to change,and because of this,preventive
maintenance often called software reengineering must be conducted to enable the
software to serve the needs of its end users.
3. PROJECT PLAN
Team Structure:-
The team structure was of hierarchical type. The authorities and delegations were divided in the
hierarchical way. It followed Top to Bottom approach. In this project there is one Project
Manager, one Technical Leader and one Senior Software Engineer. Seven trainees are allotted
for this project and project is progressed under the supervision of all the team members.
Figure 1: Team Structure
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Development Schedule:-
We are divided into one team. Each one has been assigned its own module, and in team we are
assigned sub modules to different members.
At first stage we are asked to analysis our sub module requirements.
Next step involve identifying entities involve in sub module assigned
Then we were asked to make our sub modules database as well as data flow diagrams.
The DFDs well as database designed by us were checked and modified by the experts.
Finally we were asked to design our database in MYSQL.
After designing our database we are ask to design front end in PHP.
After designing here arise the most critical phase that is coding.
3.1 EXTERNAL INTERFACE AND DATA FLOWS:
Data Flow Diagrams:
In the late 1970s data-flow diagrams were introduced and popularized for structured analysis and
design. DFDs show the flow of data from external entities into the system, showed how the data
moved from one process to another, as well as its logical storage. There are only four symbols:
Squares representing external entities, which are sources or destinations of data.
Rounded rectangles representing processes, which take data as input, do something to it.
Arrows representing the data flows, which can either, be electronic data or physical items.
Open-ended rectangles representing data stores, including electronic stores such as databases
There are several common modeling rules that I follow when creating DFD’s:
All processes must have at least one data flow in and one data flow out.
All processes should modify the incoming data, producing new forms of outgoing data.
Each data store must be involved with at least one data flow.
Each external entity must be involved with at least one data flow.
A data flow must be attached to at least one process.
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DESIGN OF SOLUTION:
Level 0 DFD
Figure 2: Level 0 DFD
Level 1 DFD
Figure 3: Level 1 DFD
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Technical resourceWith mutli solution User
Admin
User
Make new account
Result on given query
Request of information
Resource plan
PHP AND MYSQL DATABASE by sandeep kumar 2013
3.2 ENTITY- RELATIONSHIP MODEL
An Entity-Relationship Model (ERM) is an abstract and conceptual representation of data.
Entity-relationship modeling is a database modeling method, used to produce a type of
conceptual schema or semantic data model of a system, often a relational database, and its
requirements in a top-down fashion.The entity-relationship model is a way of graphically
representing the logical relationships of entities in order to create a database. The ER model was
first proposed by Peter Pin-Shan Chen of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in the
1970s.
In ER modeling, the structure for a database is portrayed as a diagram, called an entity-
relationship diagram , that resembles the graphical breakdown of a sentence into its grammatical
parts. Entities are rendered as points, polygons, circles, or ovals. Relationships are portrayed as
lines connecting the points, polygons, circles, or ovals. Any ER diagram has an equivalent
relational table, and any relational table has an equivalent ER diagram. ER diagramming is an
invaluable aid to engineers in the design, optimization, and debugging of database programs.
Entities and Entity Sets:
An entity is an object that exists and is distinguishable from other objects. For instance,
John Harris with S.I.N. 890-12-3456 is an entity, as he can be uniquely identified as one
particular person in the universe.
An entity may be concrete or abstract.
An entity set is a set of entities of the same type.
Entity sets need not be disjoint.
An entity is represented by a set of attributes.
Formally, an attribute is a function which maps an entity set into a domain.
a) Mapping Constraints:An E-R scheme may define constraints to which the contents of a
database must conform.
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Mapping Cardinalities: Express the number of entities to which another entity can be
associated via a relationship. For binary relationship sets between entity sets A and B, the
mapping cardinality must be one of:
1. One-to-one: An entity in A is associated with at most one entity in B, and an entity in B
is associated with at most one entity in A.
2. One-to-many: An entity in A is associated with any number in B. An entity in B is
associated with at most one entity in A.
3. Many-to-one: An entity in A is associated with at most one entity in B. An entity in B is
associated with any number in A.
4. Many-to-many: Entities in A and B are associated with any number from each other.
3.3 RELATIONS IN THE DATABASE FOR ABOUT.ME
The following are the relations we have designed to manage the database. Here we have
followed a convention of having the table names with tb as a prefix, and the remaining name of
the table represent the description of the data inside that table.
Table 1: List of tables
1)Tbaboutus
2)Tbadcm
3)Tbadmin
4)Tbadmin_login
5)Tbcse
6)Tbcus
7)Tbhardware_news
8)Tbit_latest
9)Tbit_news
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10)Tbit_news_comments
11)Tbit_old
12)Tblatests_software
13)Tbnews
14)Tb os
15)Tbsoftwares
16)Tbsugestions
17)Tbtechnew
18)Tbuserlogin
19)Tbuserquery
20)Tbycse
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3.4 TABLES WITH E-R DIAGRAMS
Table1.1: Tbadmin
Field Datatype Description
username Varchar(23)
password Varchar(33)
Figure 3: tbreg
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Table 1.2 : create a new account
id Int
Name varchar
Email varchar
Password varchar
Reenter password Varchar
DOB Varchar
Mobile no. Varchar
Security question Varchar
Your answer varchar
Figure 4:
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4.MODULES WITH SNAP SHOTS
4.1 Creating new database for Technical resources with multisolution:
It is the start up page of website.
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4.2 Structure of the database:
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Here page is for the structure of the database which has been created having all the records.
4.3 Admin of the database:
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Here shows the admin of the database.
4.4 Structure of the admin:
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It shows the structure of the database.
4.5 Register and login page :
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In this we have to register for a new account and open the registered account.
4.6 WampServer for project selection:
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This shows the WampServer from where we select our project ONLINE CARD.
4.8 Index of /technical resources:
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This shows the index of the technical resources with multi solutions
4.9 Home screen of the project OnlineStore:
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This shows the home screen of the project and the related pages .
4.10 cs computer science page:
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This is the first page of the computer science….
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4.10sugestionbox:
This gives the information from user as feed back..
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5.CONCLUSION:
The central concept of the application is to allow the custom to shop virtually using the internet
and allow customer to buy the cards of their desire.The information pertaining to the productsare
stores on an RDBMS at the server side.The server process the customers and the cards are
shipped to the address submitted by them.
The application was designed into two modules first Os for the customers who wish to buy the
articles.Second is for the storekeepers who maintains and updates the information pertaining to
the articles and those of the customers.
Data entry into the application can bed one through various screens designed for various levels
of users.Once the authorized personnel feed the relevant data into the system,several reports
could be generated aspect the requirements.This system offers information relevant to the user
accessing the application thus avoiding unnecessary overloading and at the same time
maintaining the security.
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PHP AND MYSQL DATABASE by sandeep kumar 2013
6. Bibliography:
http://www.phpf1.com
http://www.php.net
http://www.google.com
http://www.shwetankeducation.com
Php Reference by Shwetank K Gupta
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