Doctoral Research-Practical Utility

(2004-2018)

Directorate of Research & Dean P.G. StudiesSardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University,

Sardarkrushinagar - 385506(Gujarat, India)

Publication No. 0 /20192

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Doctoral Research-Practical Utility (2004-2018),

Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University,

Sardarkrushinagar

Dr. A. M. Patel

Director of Research & Dean P.G. Studies

Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University

Sardarkrushinagar - 385 506, Gujarat

Dr. R. N. Singh, Associate Director of Research (Farm)

Dr. M. C. Desai, Associate Director of Research (Education)

Dr. P. P. Chaudhari, Associate Professor, Directorate of Research

Dr. Veeresh Hatti, Assistant Professor, Directorate of Research

Sh. Bindesh Prajapati, Assistant Professor, Directorate of Research

, 2019March

Directorate of Research & Dean P.G. Studies

Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University

Sardarkrushinagar - 385 506, Gujarat

50

Jay Bhavani Printing Press

43, Old Gunj Bazar, Palanpur - 385001

MO. 9429708190

Sardarkrushinagar

Dantiwada Agricultural

University,

Sardarkrushinagar – 385 506

Prof. (Dr.) Ashok A. PatelHon’ble Vice-Chancellor

Foreword

Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar, the

mother of erstwhile Gujarat Agricultural University, since its inception in the year 2004, is

spearheading effective programmes on three mandates of University i. e., teaching,

research and extension education. The educational programmes cover faculties of

agriculture, horticulture, veterinary sciences, food technology, dairy technology,

agricultural engineering, home science, basic sciences and agri-business management. It

is being done through the endorse of various colleges in spreading the science of

agriculture in broader sense to improve the quality of human resources through

imparting high quality education in students. The development, recommendation and

demonstration of new technologies is going on through the coordination and strong

network of Research Institutions of SAUs, ICAR centres, International organizations, Krishi

Vigyan Kendras and others. It aimed to develop competent human resource for

strengthening agriculture in all its dimensions in India.

The university is focusing to improve its educational mandate with an intent to

develop the human resources through various education programmes of different faculty.

Till 2018, nearly 200 doctoral degrees have been awarded. The SDAU has made an

attempt to compile all the doctoral research from 2004 to 2018. I hope this document will

be of great help to the scientists, planners, policy makers, students and faculties for

planning further research strategies, to understand the untapped research opportunities

and also as a reference directory of Ph.D thesis abstracts of Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada

Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar.

Place : Sardarkrushinagar (Dantiwada) (Ashok A. Patel)March - 2019

Sardarkrushinagar

Dantiwada Agricultural

University,

Sardarkrushinagar – 385 506

Dr. A. M. PatelDirector of Research &

Dean PG Studies

Preface

The Gujarat Agricultural University (GAU) started functioning in June 1972. It was

established with specific mandates of promoting productivity of agriculture by pursuing

research in agriculture and allied sciences. The GAU was bifurcated into 4 agricultural

universities in 2004 out of which Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University,

Sardarkrushinagar is looking after North Gujarat (IV) and North West (V) zones to serve

the farming community of seven North Gujarat districts under it's jurisdiction i. e.,

Mehsana, Sabarkantha, Banaskantha, Kachchh, Gandhinagar, Patan and Aravalli.

SDAU, Sardarkrushinagar is serving with the vision of “Consummate

prosperity through agriculture and allied sectors” and mission of “Sustainable agricultural

development for enhanced farm income for affordable, safe, high quality, nutrient healthy

farm production without any deterioration of the natural base and ecology”. The

agricultural scenario of North Gujarat of arid and semi-arid regions is very challenging

considering erratic rainfall, frequent droughts, extremely high temperature, light soil

texture, poor soil health due to shallow depth, soil salinity, poor fertility, low organic

carbon, nitrogen content, S, Fe and Zn deficiency, undulating land topography, poor

water holding capacity etc. In totality agriculture developmental needs for the region are

specific. Apart from research activities, several milestone footsteps are also planned in

taking the quality of education to global level by training the human resources for

technical and tactical competency for upcoming global agricultural challenges.

The Directorate of Research, SDAU, Sardarkrushinagar has made an effort to

prepare this compiled information of the all the doctoral thesis abstracts of student

alumni's of 2004-2018, which we hope will serve as a reference document of university

student's research activities for the student community, scientific community, teachers,

etc.

Place : Sardarkrushinagar (Dantiwada) (A. M. Patel)

March - 2019

CONTENTS

S. No. Particulars Page No.

I. Introduction

II. Agricultural sciences

III. Horticultural sciences

IV. Veterinary sciences

V. Engineering

VI. Home sciences

01

04

125

127

138

142

The Gujarat Agricultural University (GAU) was established in 1973 and was laterbifurcated into four agricultural universities in 2004. The Sardarkrushinagar DantiwadaAgricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar was earlier main campus of the GAU, themother campus of erstwhile GAU. SDAU caters to the precise farmers' centric locallyrelevant but globally congruent research, education and extension education in agricultureand allied fields. The SDAU represents the typical climatic conditions of arid and semi-aridregions having enormous variations between diurnal and nocturnal temperatures and therainfall is as capricious as it could be. The SDAU is aimed to serve the agricultural interestfor the economic development of the farming community of North Gujarat region. TheUniversity has spread on an area of 1185.0 ha at main campus and 683.9 ha at sub campusincluding 9 colleges, 6 ploytechnique colleges, 25 research stations (8 main, 17 Sub-Stations)and 3 KVKs in it's jurisdiction apart from 3 seed farms for providing high quality seeds tothe farmers.

Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar is workingefficiently to improve its education mandate in agriculture, horticulture, veterinary sciences,agricultural engineering, home science, basic sciences to develop the human resourcesthrough various education programs. It is being done through the endorse of variouscolleges in spreading the science of agricultural in broader sense to improve the quality ofhuman resources through imparting high quality education in students of various state,national and international levels.

The SDAU is performing its teaching, research and extension of agricultural sciencewith ten faculties as under.

1. Faculty of Agriculture2. Faculty of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry3. Faculty of Horticulture4. Faculty of Dairy Technology5. Faculty of Food Technology6. Faculty of Agricultural Engineering & Technology7. Faculty of Home Science and Nutrition8. Faculty of Basic Science and Humanities9. Faculty of Agri-business Management

I. Introduction

1

Seven districts of North Gujarat under SDAU jurisdic!on

The SDAU has nine collges under its umbrella which are as follows.

S. No. Name of College Year of Est.

1 Chimanbhai Patel College of Agriculture, Sardarkrushinagar 1982- 83

2 ASPEE College of Home Science and Nutrition, Sardarkrushinagar 1983-84

3 College of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry, Sardarkrushinagar 1984-85

4 G. N. Patel College of Dairy Technology, Sardarkrushinagar 2008-09

5 College of Food Technology, Sardarkrushinagar 2017-18

6 College of Horticulture, Jagudan 2008-09

7 College of Renewable Energy & Environmental Engg, Sardarkrushinagar 2009-10

8 College of Basic Science & Humanities, Sardarkrushinagar 2010-11

9 College of Agriculture, Tharad 2012-13

Polytechnics colleges

S. No. Name of Polytechnic

1 Agriculture Polytechnic College, Deesa

2 Agriculture Polytechnic College, Amirgadh

3 Agriculture Polytechnic College, Khedbrahma

4 Horticulture Polytechnic College, Jagudan

5 Home Science Polytechnic College, Sardarkrushinagar

6 Veterinary Polytechnic College, Sardarkrushinagar

Courses offered

Under Graduate Courses Post Graduate Courses Doctoral Programs

B. Sc. (Hons.) AgricultureB. V. Sc. & A. H.B.Sc.(Hons.) Home Sci. & NutritionB. Tech. (Dairy Technology)B. Tech. ( Food Technology)B. Sc. (Hons.) HorticultureB. Tech. (R. E. & E. E.)B. Sc. (Food Quality Assurance)B.Sc. (Biotechnology)B.Sc. (Microbiology)B.Sc. (Biochemistry)

M. Sc. AgricultureM.V.Sc. Veterinary ScienceM. Sc. HorticultureM.Sc.Home Sci. & NutritionMBA AgribusinessM. Sc. BiotechnologyM. Sc. MicrobiologyM. Sc. BiochemistryM. Tech. Ag. Engg.

TechnologyM. Tech. Dairy

Ph. D. AgriculturePh. D. HorticulturePh. D. Home Sci. & NutritionPh. D. Veterinary SciencePh. D. in BiotechnologyPh. D. in MicrobiologyPh. D. in BiochemistryPh. D. in Ag. Engg.

TechnologyPh. D. in Dairy

Our Hon'ble Prime Minister Shri. Narendra Modiji has called for “Doubling FarmersIncome by 2022”. This requires reforms in the research system by creating greater synergiesbetween research, education, extension and commercialization. In this regard, ICAR is alsoinsisting all the SAU's to utilize and transform the practical outcomes of doctoral researchworks of students for the farming community. However, the compiled information of all the

2

doctoral research works at the universities level at a single source is lacking in most of theagricultural universities. Hence, the SDAU has made a pioneer attempt and compiled all thedoctoral research conclusions and practical utilities of all the students since its bifurcation

tfrom GAU from 2004 to 2018 so as to make available practical u ility of all the researchworks in a single handy book. Thus, it will be greatly helpful for the scientists, planners,policy makers, students and faculties. We assure that the dedicated and painful compilationwork done for the preparation of this book will really serve the purpose through severalangles including extension of the knowledge to the farmers, planning further researchstrategies, to understand the untapped research opportunities, as a reference directory of

Sardarkrushinagar DantiwadaPh.D thesis abstracts of all the alumni students ofAgricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar and in many ways.

3

SDAU, Sardarkrushinagar has total 25 research stations (8 on campus and 17 off campus)which are as follows. These research stations apart from the regular research activities, arealso supporting PG student's research in various manners.

S.No.

On Campus S.No.

Off Campus

1 Centre for Crop Improvement,Sardarkrushinagar

1 Cotton Research Station, Talod

2 Centre for Integrated FarmingSystems, Sardarkrushinagar

2 Wheat Research Station, Vijapur

3 Livestock Research Station,Sardarkrushinagar

3 Seed Spices Research Station, Jagudan

4 Pulses Research Station,Sardarkrushinagar

4 Date Palm Research Station, Mundra

5 Centre for Natural ResourcesManagement, Sardarkrushinagar

5 Potato Research Station, Deesa

6 Castor & Mustard ResearchStation, Sardarkrushinagar

6 Maize Research Station, Bhiloda

7 Agro forestry Research Station,Sardarkrushinagar

7 Maize Research Station, Khedbhrahma

8 Seed Technology Unit,Sardarkrushinagar

8 Sorghum Research Station, Deesa

9 Dry Farming Research Station, Radhanpur

10 Fruits Research Station, Dehgam

11 Regional Research Station, Bhachau

12 Regional Research Station, Kothara

13 Agricultural Research Station, Ladol

14 Agricultural Research Station, Aseda

15 Agricultural Research Station, Adiya

16 Agricultural Research Station, Kholwad

17 Agricultural Research Station, Sihori

4

II.AGRICULTURAL SCIENCESChimanbhai Patel College of Agriculture, Sardarkrushinagar

Department of AgronomyTheme: Nutrient managementS. No.

1. Thesis title Yield and quality of forage chicory (Cichorium intybusL.) as in"uencedby nitrogen

Name of student Patel Dineshkumar M.Name of guide Dr. B. S. PatelYear 2006Conclusion The forage chicory crop should be fertilized with 60 kg N/ha either

through urea + castor cake in equal proportion or through urea alone alongwith 30 kg N/ha as top dressing after harvest of each cut for gettingmaximum green as well as dry forage yields and net realization fromforage chicory crop grown on loamy sand soil of Sardarkrushinagar underNorth Gujarat Agro-climatic conditions. It also improves the quality of thechicory forage.

Practical utility Yield of green and dry forage from chicory can be increased to feedfarmers animals during rabi season.

2 Thesis title Effect of varying seed rates and levels of nitrogen on yield and qualityof forage chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) under North Gujarat agro-

climatic conditionName of student Patel Hasmukhbhai D.Name of guide Dr. P. T. PatelYear 2006Conclusion The forage chicory should be raised using 10 kg seeds/ha and fertilized

with 45 kg N/ha after harvest of each cut to secure maximum green anddry forage yield as well as net realization with better quality forage underNorth Gujarat Agro-climatic condition.

Practical utility Yield of green and dry forage from chicory can be increased to feedfarmers animals during rabi season.

Agronomy Research Farm:The main campus of SDAU has a well maintained “Agronomy Research Farm” which isexclusively meant for research of Masters and Doctoral students. This farm is spread overan area of 52 ha area having sandy to loamy sand soil along with two tube wells forirrigation facility. The farm is having all the necessary tools and farm implements forconducting research activities. In this farm, a 6 ha block under sprinkler, 1 ha block underdrip irrigation and 4 ha block under organic farming are also available for experimentalpurpose. Apart from these, the farm also has well equipped 'Agrometeorologicalobservatory' for collecting weather observations for the benefit of PG student's research andscientific community.

3 Thesis title Response of wheat varieties to zinc and FYM with varying fertility levelsunder North Gujarat condition

Name of student Bathar Vasudev MotilalName of guide Dr. P. T. PatelYear 2006Conclusion The maximum yield and net return from wheat can be achived by adopting

variety GW 496 applying 10 t FYM/ha along with 5.0 kg Zn/ha and 75 %RDF (90-45-0 NPK kg/ha) in sandy soil of North Gujarat.

Practical utility Higher wheat yield can be harvested by adopting variety GW 496 applying10 t FYM/ha along with 5.0 kg Zn/ha and 75 % RDF (90-45-0 NPK kg/ha).

4 Thesis title Response of summer groundnut ( Arachis hypogaea L.) to sources andof sulphur under varying irrigation schedules in North Gujarat

Name of student Patel Govabhai N.

Name of guide Dr. P. T. PatelYear 2006Conclusion To achieve profitable yield with quality produce from summer groundnut

(var. GG-2), the irrigation should be scheduled at 40 mm CPE (on anaverage 17 irrigations including three common irrigations) with 50 mmdepth of water and fertilized @ 40 kg S/ha either through gypsum orelemental sulphur (21 days prior to sowing) under sulphur deficient loamysand soils of North Gujarat.

Practical utility Application of 40 kg S/ha either through gypsum or elemental sulphur (21days prior to sowing) produced higher yield of summer groundnut undersulphur deficient loamy sand soils.

5 Thesis title Effect of different organic manures,inorganic fertilizers and fertilizers’sources on potato ( Solanum tuberosumL.) and their residual effects on

succeeding summer pearlmillet [ Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br. emend.Stuntz]

Name of student Vihol Kishorkumar J.Name of guide Dr. M. M. PatelYear 2006Conclusion For securing better quality higher tubers yield, net return, BCR, system

productivity, profitability and better advantage of residual fertility ofpotato to solely planted succeeding summer pearlmillet crop, withminimum depletion of soil nutreint status, the potato crop (cv. KufriBadshah) grown under North Gujarat Agroclimatic Zone, on loamy sandsoil should be fertilized with FYM @ 25 t/ha + 125 % of recommendeddose of inorganic fertilizers through sulphur containing fertilizers (RDF:220:110:220 NPK kg/ha).

Practical utility Better quality higher tubers yield of potato can be obtained and succeedingsummer pearlmillet crop with minimum depletion of soil nutreint status aswell as without fertilization can be grown which reduced the load ofchemical fertilizers.

5

levels

6 Thesis title Nitrogen management with bio-fertilizers in grain amaranth( L.) under different moisture stressAmaranthus hypochondriacus

Name of student Chaudhary P. P.Name of guide Dr. P. T. PatelYear 2008Conclusion To earn higher net return from amaranth, the crop should be irrigated at all

physiological growth stages (early vegetative, active vegetative, #owering,grain formation and grain filling) supplying nitrogen @ 60 kg N/ha andinoculating the seeds with Azotobacter liquid culture (@ 20 ml per kgseed). Critical reduction in yield was observed with missing of irrigation atactive vegetative stage.

Practical utility Critical reduction in yield of amaranth obtained if one irrigation missed atactive vegetative stage.

7 Thesis title Integrated nitrogen management in grain amaranth (Amaranthushypochondriacus L.)

Name of student Desai Laljibhai JitabhaiName of guide Dr. M. M. Patel

Year 2008Conclusion To earn higher net return, amaranth crop should be fertilized @ 60 kg N /

ha with urea along with Azotobacter seed inoculation. But from soil healthpoint of view, crop should be fertilized @ 60 kg N/ha with integration ofvermicompost and urea on 50:50 basis along with Azotobacter seedinoculation.

Practical utility Soil health can be improved/maintained when amaranth crop fertilized @60 kg N/ha with integration of vermicompost and urea on 50:50 basisalong with Azotobacter seed inoculation.

8 Thesis title Effect of cutting management and nitrogen levels on the growth and yieldof forage chicory (Chicorium intybus L.) under North Gujarat conditions

Name of student Mukesh Kumar JoshiName of guide Dr. B. S. PatelYear 2008Conclusion The forage chicory crop for first cut should be harvested at 50 days after

sowing with cutting interval of 3 days after first cut and fertilized with 45kg N/ha as top dress after harvest of each cut for getting good qualitymaximum green and dry forage yields and net realization on loamy sandsoil of Sardarkrushinagar under North Gujarat Agro-climatic conditions.

Practical utility Yield of green and dry forage from chicory can be increased to feedanimals during rabi season by fertilizing 45 kg N/ha as top dress afterharvest of each cut.

9 Thesis title Effect of fertigation of nitrogen and potash under different methods of

irrigation on yield of processing tubers of potato cv. KennebecSolanum tuberosum L.) under North Gujarat conditions(

Name of student Shri. D. K. PatelName of guide Dr. P. T. PatelYear 2009

6

Conclusion To produce better processing quality higher tuber yield with higher netreturn and BCR as well as to maintain soil fertility, potato cultivarKennebec, be grown laying drip (0.8 PEF) with laterals in each pair andapplying 75% recommended dose of N and K (206 each) through urea andmuriate of potash as fertigation in five equal splits under sandy loam soilof North Gujarat. The system need to be operated at alternate day for 15minutes with the pressure of 1.2 kg/cm2. Twenty per cent of N and K hasto be applied as basal along with common dose of P (140 kg/ha) andremaining 80 % in five equal splits at 28, 35, 42, 49 and 56 days. A commondose of FYM @ 25t/ha should also be applied.

Practical utility 25 % nitrogen and potash can be saved when it is applied as fertigationthrough drip system in processing potato.

10 Thesis title Response of castor (Ricinus communis L.) hybrids to different plant

geometry and nitrogen levels in rabi seasonName of student Bhatt R. K.Name of guide Dr. I. N. DodiaYear 2010Conclusion For securing higher yield and net return from castor cultivation in rabi

season, castor hybrid GCH-5 should be grown at 120 cm x 45 cm plantgeometry and fertilized with 180 kg N/ha in soils of North Gujarat.

Practical utility Castor hybrid GCH-5 should be grown at 120 cm x 45 cm plant geometryand fertilized with 180 kg N/ha for higher seed yield.

11 Thesis title Integrated nutrient management in pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum

(L.) R. Br. Emend Stuntz]under north west agro-climatic zone of GujaratName of student Mr. D. G. PatelName of guide Dr. P. G. PatelYear 2010Conclusion The highest net profit can be achieved from rainfed pearl millet (GHB-538)

with application of FYM @ 4 t/ha in previously opened furrows, sowingseeds inoculated with Azotobacter (200g/ 4 kg seed) and fertilizing the cropwith 80 kg N/ha under North West agro-climatic zone of Gujarat.

Practical utility In Kutchh, higher net profit can be achieved from rainfed pearl millet(GHB-538) with application of FYM @ 4 t/ha in previously openedfurrows and sowing of seeds inoculated with Azotobacter (200g/ 4 kg seed)

12 Thesis title

hypochodriacus L.) under diffEffect of leavels of nitrogen and iron on grain amaranth (Amaranthus)

erent planting techniquesName of student Patel K. I.Name of guide Dr. P. T. PatelYear 2011Conclusion To earn higher net return from amaranth, line sowing (45x15 cm) be

followed and the crop need to be fertilized with nitrogen @ 60 kg/ha andFeSO4 @ 10 kg/ha keeping common dose of phosphorous @ 40 kg/ha.

Practical utility Higher net return from amaranth can be realized by fertilizing cropby nitrogen @ 60 kg/ha and FeSO4 @ 10 kg/ha keeping common dose

of phosphorous @ 40 kg/ha.

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13 Thesis title Response of vegatable clusterbean to phpsphorus and potash with dripirrigation schedules under North Gujarat condition

Name of student Sanjay J. PatelName of guide Dr. S. K. PatelYear 2012Conclusion The summer vegetable clusterbean crop cv. ‘Pusa Navbahar’ should be

irrigated through drip system at 100% CPE along with application of 60kg/ha each phosphorus and potash through fertigation @ 30% P and Kwas applied through DAP and MOP at basal and remaining dose wasapplied through water soluble fertilizer at 25 DAS (40%) and 35 DAS (30%) for getting maximum green pods yield and net realization on loamysand soil of Sardarkrushinagar under North Gujarat agro-climaticconditions. It also improves the quality of green pods.

Practical utility Irrigation water and fertilizers can be saved with the use of drip irrigationsystem along with higher yield of good quality of green pods of vegetablegreenpods in North Gujarat condition.

14 Thesis title Response of castor (Ricinus communis L.) to varying crop geometryand dates of sowing with levels of nitrogen under rabi season

Name of student Mukesh Kumar ManName of guide Dr. A. U. AminYear 2014

Conclusion The remunerative higher yield of rabi castor can be achieved by sowing thecrop on 15th September at 150 cm x 60 cm crop geometry with applicationof 120 kg N/ha on loamy sand soil of North Gujarat.

Practical utility Higher yield of rabi castor can be achieved by sowing the crop on 15th

September at 150 cm x 60 cm crop geometry with application of 120 kgN/ha on loamy sand soil.

15 Thesis title Integrated nitrogen management in dill seed (Anethum graveolens L.)under North Gujarat agro - climatic conditions

Name of student Khushbu Kumari GourName of guide Dr. A. M. PatelYear 2015Conclusion To achieve quantitative, qualitative and economical production of dill seed,

crop should be fertilized with integration of 75% RDN (45 kg N/ha)through urea + 25% RDN (15 kg N/ha) through vermicompost in loamysand soil under North Gujarat Agro-climatic condition to fulfill the Nrequirement.

Practical utility For higher yield and to improve soil health, dill seed crop should befertilized with integration of 75% RDN (45 kg N/ha) through urea + 25%RDN (15 kg N/ha) through vermicompost in loamy sand soil.

16 Thesis title Effect of levels of nitrogen and its split application on wheat(Triticum aestivumL. emend. Fiori & paol.) under North Gujarat Condition

Name of student Mor Vinodkumar B.Name of guide Dr. A. M. PatelYear 2015

8

Conclusion For getting higher grain production and net return, crop should befertilized with 160 kg N/ha in three splits as 50% at sowing, 25% at CRIand 25% at 1stnode stage along with recommended dose of P2O5 and K2O.

For better quality wheat grain can be produced with 160 kg N/ha infive splits i.e., 20% at sowing, 20% at CRI, 20% at 1st node stage, 20% at #agleaf stage and 20% at #owering stage along with recommended dose ofP2O5 and K2O.

Practical utility Better quality wheat grain can be produced with 160 kg N/ha in five splitsi.e., 20% at sowing, 20% at CRI, 20% at 1st node stage, 20% at #ag leaf stageand 20% at #owering stage along with recommended dose of P2O5 andK2O.

17 Thesis title Management of cropping systems for resource conservationName of student Mr. Shaukat AliName of guide Dr. A. M. PatelYear 2015Conclusion Cotton - summer pearlmillet cropping system should be taken with residue

incorporation and fertilized with 75 % RDN through inorganic fertilizer +25 % RDN through FYM for securing higher pearlmillet equivalent yieldand net return. Moreover, cotton - summer pearlmillet cropping systemwith residue incorporation and 75 % RDN through inorganic fertilizer + 25% RDN through FYM also improves soil physico chemical properties ofsoil such as organic carbon, bulk density, porosity, available nutrients andnutrients uptake.

Practical utility Per day system productivity and profitability, water productivity andprofitability, nutrients productivity and profitability and agro-energy aswell as employment generation also found to be increase in cotton -summer pearlmillet cropping systems with residue incorporation and 75 %RDN through inorganic fertilizer + 25 % RDN through FYM.

18 Thesis title Effect of balanced fertilization and bio-regulators on growth, yield andquality of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under North Gujarat condition

Name of student Krishan Gopal VyasName of guide Dr. A. M. PatelYear 2016Conclusion For getting higher grain and straw yield as well as higher net return from

wheat, the crop should be fertilized with 30 kg S/ha from 21 days cured(30 kg elemental sulphur) along with recommended doses of nitrogen,phosphorus and potash (120 kg N + 60 kg P2O5 + 30 kg K2O/ha). Halfnitrogen 6i.e., 0 kg/ha (104.2 kg urea) and whole quality of phosphorus(130.5 kg diammonium phosphate) and potash (50 kg muriate of potash)should be applied at the time of sowing in opened furrows. Remaining 60kg N/ha should be applied in two equal splits (52 kg urea at first irrigationand 52 kg urea at second irrigation) with two foliar spray of lihocin(Cycocel) readymade solution @ 1000 ppm (1 ml/liter) each at 30 and 55days after sowing under North Gujarat condition.

9

Practical utility Higher grain and straw yield of wheat can be realized by fertilizing cropwith 30 kg S/ha from 21 days cured (30 kg elemental sulphur) along withrecommended doses of nitrogen, phosphorus and potash (120 kg N + 60 kgP2O5 + 30 kg K2O/ha).

19 Thesis title Response of integrated nutrient management on wheat varieties and its

residual effect on green gram under under North Gujarat agro climaticcondition

Name of student Chatra RamName of guide Dr. B. J. PatelYear 2018Conclusion The higher net return and B:C ratio were obtained with variety GW 451

fertilized by 100 per cent RDF (120 kg N + 60 kg P 2O5 + 00 kg K2O/ha) +Azotobacter + PSB secured higher gross realization, net realization andBCR under wheat- green gram cropping sequence.

Practical utility Application of 120 kg N + 60 kg P2O5 + 00 kg K2O/ha) + Azotobacter + PSBincreased yield of wheat variety GW 451.

20 Thesis title Effect of wheat residue management and fertilizer levels on summer

pearlmillet under under North Gujarat agro climatic conditionName of student Patel Swetaben A.Name of guide Dr. A. M. PatelYear 2018Conclusion In wheat-pearl millet cropping system, maximum grain and straw yields of

pearl millet can be obtained under the wheat residue managementpractices as wheat harvesting through combine harvester and strawincorporation in soil decomposer fungul consortia + 25 kg N/ha alongwith application of 100 % RDF (120 : 60 : 00 N : P2O5 : K2O/ha) and at par

yield can also obtained by just replacing the fungul consortia withmadhyam (5 kg/ha).

Significant improvement in soil organic carbon was observed underwheat residue management practices in association of bio-decomposerwhile, significantly the lowest organic carbon was observed in wheatresidue burning and significant improvement in potassium in soil afterharvest of crop was observed under burning treatment being at par withbio-decomposer along with application of 100 % RDF (120 : 60 : 00 N : P2O5

: K2O/ha).Practical utility Wheat residue can be utilized through straw incorporation and

decomposed with fungul consortia + 25 kg N/ha. Application of RDF topearl millet along with wheat straw incorporation increased yield underwheat-pearl millet cropping system.

Theme: Irrigation management21 Thesis title Response of frenchbean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) to irrigation schedule

based IW:CPE ratios and time of nitrogen applications under NorthGujarat agroclimatic condition

Name of student Patel Arvindkumar G.

10

Name of guide Dr. B. S. PatelYear 2006Conclusion Maximum production and more net realization from frenchbean crop can

be secured by an application of nitrogen at IW:CPE ratio of 1 and anapplication of nitrogen with 50 % N as basal + 50% N at branching stage(N2) on loamy sand soil of North Gujarat agro-climatic conditions. Thisirrigation treatment requires eight irrigations each of 50 mm depth formaximum water use efficiency and water expense efficiency. Firstirrigation should be applied just after sowing and second at 5th DAS forbetter germination and establishment of the crop. Remaining six irrigationsshould be applied at an interval of 12-14 days.

Practical utility Water use efficiency can be increased by irrigating crop at 1.0 IW:CPE ratioalong with higher yield and net realization from frenchbean.

22 Thesis title Effect of irrigation methods on growth and yield of castor hybrids (Ricinuscommunis L.) under North Gujarat agro-climatic conditions

Name of student Raj Ajitkumar DahyabhaiName of guide Dr. B. S. PatelYear 2009Conclusion Castor hybrid GCH-5 irrigated with all the furrow methods of irrigation at

0.8 IW: CPE ratio with 60 mm depth was found optimum by recordinghigher value of growth and yield attributes, producing the maximum netrealization of castor in the North Gujarat agro- climatic condition ofGujarat. However, profitable production besides 22 percent water savingof castor on loamy sand soil of North Gujarat could be achieved byirrigating the hybrids GCH-5 with 45 mm depth of irrigation.

Practical utility Profitable production of castor hybrid GCH-5 besides 22 percent watersaving can be achieved by irrigating the crop with 45 mm depth ofirrigation.

23 Thesis title Response of field pea (Pisum sativum L. var arvense) to irrigation schedulesbased on IW/CPE ratios, nitrogen levels and Rhizobium inoculation underNorth Gujarat agro - climatic conditions

Name of student P. H. PatelName of guide Dr. B. S. PatelYear 2006Conclusion For securing the highest yield and net return, the field pea crop (cv.

Rachna) should be given irrigation at 1.0 IW/CPE which required nineirrigations each of 50 mm depth and fertilized with 30 kg N/ha along withseed treatment of appropriate Rhizobium culture under North GujaratAgro-climatic region on loamy sand soil of Sardarkrushinagar.

Practical utility Higher yield and net return can be obtained from field pea with seedtreatment of Rhizobium besides recommended dose of nitrogen.

24 Thesis title In"uence of irrigation scheduling (IW: CPE ratios) and nitrogen levels onyield and quality of summer forage pearlmillet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.)R. BR.)

11

Name of student Mr. Chintan H. RavalName of guide Dr. A. M. PatelYear 2013Conclusion For securing maximum summer forage pearl millet production with good

quality forage and for getting higher net monetary realization, summerforage pearl millet crop should be irrigated at 1.2 IW : CPE ratio withapplication of 200 kg N/ha for taking four cuts in loamy sand soils underNorth Gujarat Agro-climatic conditions.

Practical utility Maximum summer forage pearl millet production with good quality foragecan be obtained by irrigating crop at 1.2 IW: CPE ratio with application of200 kg N/ha through four cuts.

25 Thesis title Response of dillseed to cyclic mode of sewage and well water irrigationwith different levels of nitrogen

Name of student Manishkumar M. PatelName of guide Dr. P. T. PatelYear 2006Conclusion The potential production and maximum net return from dillseed on loamy

sand soils of North Gujarat having low status of available nitrogen can besecured by four sewage water irrigations or one tube well + three sewageirrigations each of 50 mm depth and fertilizing the crop 40 kg N/haalongwith recommended dose of phosphorus.

Practical utility Sewage water can be utilized in dillseed crop by application of four sewagewater irrigations or one tube well + three sewage irrigations each of 50 mmdepth.

26 Thesis title Effect of scheduling of irrigation and bio-regulators on productivityofmustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern & Coss]

Name of student Ashish ShivranName of guide Dr. B. J. PatelYear 2014Conclusion To achieve higher yield, economic returns and water use efficiency in

mustard (var.GDM 4), 6 irrigations each of 50 mm should be scheduled at0.7 IW:CPE in addition to two common irrigations and two foliar sprays ofbenzyladenine @ 45 ppm at 30 and 60 DAS on loamy sand soils of NorthGujarat agro-climatic condition.

Practical utility Foliar sprays of benzyladenine @ 45 ppm at 30 and 60 DAS on mustardcrop enhanced seed yield of mustard.

27 Thesis title Study on scheduling of irrigation, nitrogen levels and bio -fertilizer onyield and quality of forage oat ( Avena sativa L.)

Name of student Mr. Pratik Kumar BhattName of guide Dr. A. M. PatelYear 2015Conclusion For securing maximum forage production with good quality as well as for

saving natural resources, the forage oat crop should be irrigated at 0.9IW:CPE ratio and fertilized at 100 kg N/ha along with seed inoculation ofAzotobacter chroococcum (ABA-1) in loamy sand soil of North Gujarat Agro-climatic condition.

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Practical utility Maximum forage production with good quality from oat as well as forsaving natural resources, the crop should be irrigated at 0.9 IW:CPE ratioand fertilized at 100 kg N/ha along with seed inoculation of Azotobacterchroococcum (ABA-1).

28 Thesis title Response of semi rabi castor (Ricinus communis L.) to irrigation and

nitrogen fertigation under North Gujarat conditionName of student Patel Kunjalkumar M.Name of guide Dr. B. J. PatelYear 2015Conclusion To achieve profitable yield from semi rabi castor, follow irrigation at 1.0

ADFPE through drip in conjunction with fertigation of nitrogen @ 60kg/ha through urea in four equal splits at 30, 60, 90 and 120 DAS,respectively. Additional 20 kg/N/ha along with 40 kg P2O5/ha need to beapplied before sowing the crop.

The application of water through drip irrigation at 1.0 ADFPE saves6.3 % water and gives 19.2 % higher seed yield as compared to surfacemethod on loamy sand soil of North Gujarat.

Practical utility Water and fertilizers can be saved when castor crop irrigated through dripsystem and fertilized as fertigation.

29 Thesis title Effect of irrigation levels and weed management practices on wheat

[Triticum aestivum (L.) emend. Fiori & Paol.]Name of student Chaudhary Ashok N.Name of guide Dr. A. M. PatelYear 2016Conclusion For getting higher grain and straw yield of wheat, the crop should be

irrigated at 1.0 IW:CPE ratio and weed control through two hand weedingat 20 and 40 DAS or chemically through metsulfuron methyal @ 4 g/ha orclodinofop 15 % + metsulfuron methyl 1 % @ 60 g/ha applied at 25-30DAS.

Practical utility Under the scarcity of labours, weeds in wheat crop can be effectivelycontrolled through spraying of metsulfuron methyal @ 4 g/ha orclodinofop 15 % + metsulfuron methyl 1 % @ 60 g/ha at 25-30 DAS.

30 Thesis title Response of summer pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum(L.) R. Br.]

hydrogel and irrigation levels with different fertility levelsName of student Saini AsokkumarName of guide Dr. A. M. PatelYear 2018

Conclusion To obtain similar grain yield, the summer pearl millet crop should befertilized with 125 per cent recommended dose of fertilizers (150 : 75 : 00 kgN : P2O5 : K2O/ha) along with application of irrigation at 1.2 IW : CPE andhydrogel @ 2.5 kg/ha at the time of sowing under ample water availability,while under scarcity of water crop should be irrigated at 1.0 IW : CPE withhydrogel application @ 5.0 kg/ha in loamy sand soils of North GujaratAgro-climatic conditions.

13

to

Practical utility Under scarcity of water pearl millet crop should be irrigated at 1.0 IW :CPE with hydrogel application @ 5.0 kg/ha in loamy sand soils so thatwater can be saved.

Theme: Agrotechniques31 Thesis title Physio-agronomic manipulations for potential seed potato production

under North Gujarat climatic conditionsName of student Patel Chamanbhai K.Name of guide Dr. P. T. PatelYear 2006Conclusion Seed potato crop should be raised using 51-70 g seed tubers having the age

of 375 degree days and fertilized with 165 kg N/ha to secure maximumyield of seed tubers under loamy sand soils of North Gujarat. However, tomaximize the net return from seed potato crop, the seed size of 31-50 gshould be preferred as it reduces the seed cost.

Practical utility Higher potato yield can be harvested by the farmers using 51-70 g seedtubers having the age of 375 degree days, though higher net return can berealized using the seed size of 31-50 g as it reduces the seed cost.

32 Thesis title Studies on various agro-techniques for enhancing growth and yield of

fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graceum L.) under Gujarat agro-climaticconditions

Name of student Radhey Shyam MehtaName of guide Dr. B. S. PatelYear 2009Conclusion Experiment-A: Effect of irrigation levels and weed management practices

on growth and yield of fenugreekIt is concluded that in order to earn higher net return, fenugreek

crop should be irrigated at an IW/CPE ratio of 1.0 with cost effectivecontrol of weed by pre-emergence application of pendimethalin @ 0.75kg/ha with IC at 40 DAS which being at par with weed free treatment andHW at 20 and 40 DASExperiment-B: Effect of nitrogen, phosphorus and bio-fertilizer levels ongrowth, yield and quality of fenugreek

To earn higher net return and BCR, fenugreek crop should befertilized with 20 kg N and 40 kg P2O5 along with seed inoculation byRhozo. and PSB.

Practical utility Cost effective control of weeds can be obtained by pre-emergenceapplication of pendimethalin @ 0.75 kg/ha with IC at 40 DAS in fenugreekcrop.

Theme: Intercropping33 Thesis title Yield and quality of forage sorghum as in"uenced by intercropping

cowpea and nitrogen under rainfed conditionName of student Patel Bhogilal BhavanbhaiName of guide Dr. P. T. PatelYear 2006

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of

Conclusion The kharif sorghum (SSG 593) should be intercropped with cowpea ( GFC3) in 2:1 row ratio and fertilized with 40 kg N /ha to obtain higher yieldwith quality fodder and better returns under rainfed condition in Bhal andCostal Agro-climatic Zone of Gujarat.

Practical utility In Bhal area of Gujarat, higher yield from sorghum with quality fodder canbe obtaind by intercropped with cowpea (GFC 3) in 2:1 row ratio to feedanimals.

34 Thesis title Relay inter cropping of castor and pigeonpea in groundnut (Arachishypogaea L.) under North Gujarat agro - climatic conditions

Name of student V. K. BhattName of guide Dr. B. S. PatelYear 2009Conclusion It seems quite logical to indicate that inter/relay cropping of castor with

groundnut was distinctly superior to sole groundnut and that castor wasthe most remunerative inter/relay crop, regardless of the dates ofinter/relay cropping. For obtaining maximum benefit from inter/relaycropping in groundnut, castor should be sown at 30 DAS of groundnut.Pigeonpea as sole crop and as inter/relay crop was not found economical.

Practical utility Inter/relay cropping of castor with groundnut was distinctly superior ascompared to sole groundnut. Castor should be sown at 30 DAS ofgroundnut.

35 Thesis title Yield and quality of forage maize ( L.) as in"uenced byZea maysintercropping of cowpea ( L.) and fertility levels duringVigna unguiculata

sseasonKharifName of student Mr. Bedse Ramchandra D.Name of guide Dr. A. M. PatelYear 2013Conclusion For obtaining higher forage yield of maize + cowpea intercropping in kharif

season, maize + cowpea crops should be sown in 2:1 row proportion withthe application of 100 per cent recommended dose of fertilizer to maize(80:40:00 NPK kg/ha) and cowpea (20:40:00 NPK kg/ha).

Practical utility Maize + cowpea crops should be sown in 2:1 row proportion with theapplication of 100 per cent recommended dose of fertilizer to both thecrops which gave more net returns as compared to other inter croppingsystems.

36 Thesis title Study on rabi fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) based intercroppingsystems under different row spacing

Name of student Mr. Babu Lal YadavName of guide Dr. A. M. Patel

Year 2015Conclusion The rabi fennel crop should be sown with 60 cm row spacing and

intercropped with cabbage (1:1) for obtaining higher fennel equivalentyield, net return, benefit cost ratio, system productivity, systemprofitability, water productivity and water profitability.

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Practical utility Higher fennel equivalent yield, net return, system productivity, systemprofitability, water productivity and water profitability can be realizedwhen intercropped with cabbage (1:1).

Theme: Weed Management37 Thesis title Effect of soil solarization on weed control , growth and yield of groundn ut-

potato crop sequnces in conjuction with cultural and chemical methods ofWeed control

Name of student Patel Prahladbhai PitambardasName of guide Dr. M. M. PatelYear 2007Conclusion Soil solarization with 0.025 mm for 45 days is increased soil temparature and

helped in effective weed control with better release of nutrients particularlyN, P2O5, K2O, Fe Mn and Cu in soil. Consequently, soil solarization withTPE 0.025 mm for 45 days has improved pod and tuber yield ofgroundnut-potato sequence on loamy sand soil with higher net return,BCR, system productivity and profitability under North Gujarat Agroclimatic Zone.

Practical utility Eco friendly weed control can be obtained in groundnut with soilsolarization in organic farming without any herbicide residue in the pods.

38 Thesis title Response of irrigated wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to weedmanagement practices and nitrogen levels under dry and wet sown conditions

Name of student Patel Shaileshbhai M.Name of guide Dr. J. C. PatelYear 2011Conclusion The maximum grain yield, net realization, BCR and effective weed control

in irrigated wheat crop on loamy sand soils of North Gujarat can beachieved with application of 150 kg N/ha and spraying of herbicidemixture either isoproturon 0.5 kg/ha + 2, 4-D 0.4 kg/ha as post-emergenceat 30-35 DAS or metsulfuron methyl 0.004 kg/ha+ 2, 4-D 0.4 kg/ha as post-emergence at 30-35 DAS under dry or wet sowing condition.

Practical utility Under constraints of labours, the effective control of weeds can be obtainedby spraying of herbicide mixture either isoproturon 0.5 kg/ha + 2, 4-D 0.4kg/ha as post-emergence at 30-35 DAS or metsulfuron methyl 0.004kg/ha+ 2, 4-D 0.4 kg/ha as post-emergence at 30-35 DAS under dry or wetsowing condition.

Theme: Cropping sequence39 Thesis title Effect of preceding kharif crops on growth and yield ofrabicastor (Ricinus

communisL.) as in"uenced by varying levels of spacing and nitrogen under

North Gujarat agro-climatic conditionName of student Patel Revabhai M.Name of guide Dr. M. M. PatelYear 2007Conclusion 1. Among short duration kharif crops, for securing higher net realization

greengram should be grown

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2. For securing higher seed and oil yield as well as net realization, rabicastor should be grown at 90 x 45 cm spacing and fertilized with 120 kgN/ha along with 60 kg P2O5/ha

3. For securing higher castor equivalent yield, net realization, systemproductivity and profitability, greengram – castor crop sequence shouldbe adopted with least deterioration in soil fertility

4. Green manure- castor crop sequence was found effective for increasingsoil fertility status

Being a kharif crop, castor can also be successfully grown in rabiseason with good yield potential and economic returns

Practical utility Castor being a kharif crop, it can also be successfully grown in rabi seasonwith good yield potential and economic returns. Greengram – castor cropsequence gave higher castor equivalent yield with least deterioration in soilfertility.

Theme: Cropping System40 Thesis title Growth, yield and economics ofBt cotton based cropping systems as

in"uenced by different spacings under North Gujarat agro-climaticconditions

Name of student Mr. Jitendra SinghName of guide Dr. A. M. PatelYear 2015Conclusion The Bt. cotton crop should be sown with 120 x 45 cm spacing either with

cowpea or greengram as an intercrop and rabi castor as relay crop forobtaining higher cotton equivalent yield, system productivity, systemprofitability, water productivity and water profitability.

Practical utility Cotton equivalent yield, system productivity, system profitability, waterproductivity and water profitability can be obtained by adopting cowpeaor greengram as an intercrop and rabi castor as relay crop.

41 Thesis title Productivity, soil fertility and economics as in"uenced by different castor(Ricinus communisL.) based cropping systems in North Gujarat Agro-Climatic condition

Name of student Vaghela S. G.Name of guide Dr. J. C. PatelYear 2017Conclusion The groundnut + castor (2:1) intercropping system secured higher Castor

Equivalent Yield (CEY) and net realization along with system productivityand profitability under North Gujarat Agro-climatic condition.

Practical utility Groundnut + castor (2:1) intercropping system secured higher CastorEquivalent Yield as compared to sole crop either groundnut or castor.

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Department of Soil Science and Agricultural ChemistryTheme: Soil ChemistryS. No.

1 Thesis title In"uence of irrigation and nutrient application on forage cropsperformance, nutrient uptake and chemical environment of loamy sand

soilName of student Patel, J. K.Name of guide Dr. C. L. PatelYear 2007Conclusion Potential production from oat-cowpea-maize forage crop sequence can be

secured by irrigating the crops at 50 % of available soil moisture along withthe application of FYM 10 t/ha to first crop of oat and recommended doseof N, P, S and Zn to each crop under loamy sand soils having TypicUstipsamment conditions.

Practical utility Application of FYM @ 10 t/ha to first crop of oat and recommended doseof N, P, S and Zn to each crop increases the grain and straw yields andmaintains the soil fertility.

2 Thesis title Effect of P, S and phosphate solubilizing microorganism on yield andchemical composition of mustard in loamy sand

Name of student Gungawal, T.V.Name of guide Dr. M. V. PatelYear 2008Conclusion Application of 50 kg P2O5/ha, 40 kg S/ha with seed inoculation with PSM

produced the higher growth, yield attributes, quality parameters, seedand straw yield as well as nutrient content in seed and straw whichresulted in higher nutrient uptake by mustard grown in loamy sand ofNorth Gujarat.

Practical utility Application of 50 kg P2O5/ha, 40 kg S/ha and inoculation of PSM(Aspergillus niger) individually as well as combined application give thehigher yield of mustard which ultimately results in larger removal of mostof nutrients from soil.

3 Thesis title Response of S and Zn with and without FYM to mustard (Brassica junceaL. czern & coss) grown on light textured soil of Kachchh

Name of student Sipai, A. H.Name of guide Dr. J. J. PatelYear 2011Conclusion As the soil was deficient in available N, S and Zn, the combined

application of sulphur @ 40 kg/ha along with zinc @ 5.0 kg/ha resulted inincrease in yield and nutrient uptake by mustard and also improved thenutrient status of soil after harvest. Thus, application of S @ 40 kg/ha inconjunction with zinc @ 5.0 kg/ha helps in increasing the productivity ofmustard. Further, integrated application of sulphur @ 40 kg/ha inconjunction with zinc @ 5.0 kg/ha in the presence of FYM 10 t /ha tomustard can be followed for getting the maximum economic benefit interms of gross realization and net return along with sustaining soil health.

Practical utility Integrated application of sulphur @ 40 kg/ha in conjunction with zinc @ 5.0

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kg/ha in the presence of FYM @ 10 t/ha to mustard gives the maximumyield along with sustaining soil fertility.

4 Thesis title Delineation of nitrogen and sulphur fractions of North Gujarat and itsrelationship with different properties of soil

Name of student Chaure JaypalName of guide Dr. B. B. PatelYear 2018Conclusion The soil texture belongs to loamy sand, sandy loam and sandy whereas

loamy sand was dominating textural class. The soils were low in availablenitrogen and sulphur. The soils were low in available nitrogen and nitratenitrogen was high in Kachchh and Banaskantha. The nitrate nitrogenactively contributed more as compared to ammonical nitrogen towards thetotal nitrogen content of soil. The sulphur fraction contents were in thedecreasing order of sulphate sulphur > non-sulphate sulphur > watersoluble sulphur.

Practical utility The organic sulphur fractions were more contributed as compared toinorganic sulphur. The correlation coefficient values obtained for theprediction of soil available nitrogen and sulphur content were significant.

5 Thesis title Delineation of phosphorus and potash fractions of North Gujarat and its

relationship with different properties of soilName of student Nimbalkar RanjitsinhName of guide Dr. V. R. PatelYear 2018Conclusion The experimentation on phosphorus and potassium fractions of North

Gujarat region concluded that, the soil texture belongs to loamy sand,sandy loam and sandy whereas, loam sand was dominating textural class.The available P ranged from low to medium. Total P content was highestin Sabarkantha followed by Aravalli and Gandhinagar district. Thedifferent inorganic P tractions were in decreasing order of (Fe-P > Ca-P >Saloid-P > Al-P RS-P > Occluded-P). Total inorganic P fraction wasmaximum in Gandhinagar followed by Sabarkantha and Aravalli districts.Fe-P was dominant fraction in decreasing order of Gandhinagar > Aravalli> Sabarkantha districts. Whereas, next dominating inorganic-P fraction Ca-P was in decreasing order of Mehsana > Banaskantha > Patan districts,while Occluded-P was low in North Gujarat region. The Fe-P and Ca-Pfractions were most active inorganic-P fractions. It was observed that, theinorganic P found to be more important fraction contributing towardsavailable as compared to organic P. The soils were high in nitric acid solubleK followed by reserve K and exchangeable K.

Practical utility Water soluble potassium was lowest in soils of North Gujarat region. Thecorrelation coefficient values obtained for prediction of soil available P andK content were significant.

Theme: Problematic soils and Management6 Thesis title In"uence of soil compaction and conditions on crops performance, nutrient

uptake and physico-chemical environment of loamy sand soil

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Name of student Jadav, N. J.Name of guide Dr. C. L. Patel

Year 2006Conclusion Open textured soils of North Gujarat compacted to a bulk density of 1.85

Mg m-3 by 8 passing of iron roller weighing 2.5 qt at soil moisture contentof 6.5 % found more effective for increasing the yield of first crop of wheatand as a residual effect of compaction on subsequent crops of pearl milletand green gram. Economically, the cultivator earned an additional incomeof Rs. 11000/ha/year (3 crops). This positive effect of compaction on yieldof crops is ascribed to (i) increase in nutrients absorption, (ii) highertransport of water to root surface due to increase in soil water diffusivity,(iii) retaining consistently higher water content in soil during growingperiod of crops, (iv) reduction in leaching losses of nutrients due todecreased infiltration rate and (v) maintaining favourable physico-chemical environment in rhizosphere as evidenced by post harvestphysico-chemical parameters of soil. Further, the results led to concludethat incorporation of ETP sludge and #y ash as soil conditioners enhancedthe crop yield of wheat, pearl millet and greengram grown in rotation. Thefavourable effect of soil conditioners on crops production is resulted due to(i) inherent nutrient content of soil conditioners particularly ETP sludgeand #y ash, (ii) increased in water retention capacity in soil, (iii) bettertransport of water and nutrients to roots surface owing to increased soilwater diffusivity, (iv) reduction in leaching losses of nutrients due todecrease in infiltration rate and (v) creating better physico -chemicalenvironment including micro #ora and micro fauna in rhizosphere.

Practical utility Potential production and profit from wheat-pearl millet-green gram cropsequence can be secured by artificial soil compaction to maintain bulkdensity of 1.75 to 1.85 Mg m-3 through passing of iron roller at certainmoisture content along with ETP sludge and/ or fly ash @ 10 t /ha onloamy sand soils of Typic Ustipsamments.

7 Thesis title Effect of industrial sludge and soil conditioner on crops performance,nutrient uptake and physico-chemical environment of loamy sand soil

Name of student Desai, N. H.Name of guide Dr. C. L. PatelYear 2006Conclusion Incorporation of different sludges and soil conditioners in open textured

soils of North Gujarat enhanced the crop yield of wheat, pearl millet andgreengram grown in rotation. The observed favourable effect of differentsludges and soil conditioners on crops production may be due to (i)inherent nutrient content of different sludges and soil conditionersparticularly ETP sludge, private firm manure, coir pith, vermicompost,FYM, glycerin sludge and #y ash, (ii) increase in water retention capacityof soil by sludges and soil conditioners, (iii) better transport of water andnutrients to roots surface owing to increased soil water diffusivity due tosludges and soil conditioners, (iv) reduction in leaching losses of nutrients

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due to decrease in infiltration rate and increased hulk density and (v)creating better physico-chemical environment including micro #ora andmicro fauna in rhizosphere.

Practical utility Potential production from wheat-pearl millet-green gram crop sequencecan be secured by different sludges like ETP, NH4Cl and glycerin sludgesand soil conditioners like private firm manure, FYM, vermicompost, #yash and coil pith either @ 10 to 20 t/ha on loamy sand soils ofSardarkrushinagar (Datiwada in North Gujarat).

8 Thesis title Delineation of S in soil and underground water of Banaskantha districtName of student Patel, J. M.

Name of guide Dr. M. V. Patel

Year 2010

Conclusion The soils of Banaskantha district are sandy to sandy clay loam in textureand alkaline in reaction. These soils are found to be low to medium inorganic carbon, available nitrogen and phosphorus and medium to high inavailable potassium. More than 62 per cent of soils of the district aredeficient or below sufficient level indicating the need to supply sulphurfertilizer to meet sulphur requirement of crops. The non-sulphate sulphurwas found to constitute a major portion of total sulphur followed byorganic sulphur and sulphate sulphur in soils of Banaskantha district. Thedistribution of different forms of sulphur in soil is strongly dependentupon soil characteristics and relationship between themselves. Amongdifferent soil properties, organic carbon is the dominant soil propertywhich explained maximum variation in different forms of sulphur in soilfollowed by clay content and calcium carbonate content in soil.

Practical utility The underground well/tubewell waters contain appreciable amount ofsulphate and these sulphate may enrich the sulphur status of soil inBanaskantha district.

Department of Agricultural BiochemistryTheme: Nutrient managementS.

No.

1 Thesis title Effect of nitrogen and phosphorus on physico-biochemical parameters of

potato ( L.) varieties during storageSolanum tuberosum

Name of student Vaktabhai H. KanbiName of guide Dr. R. BhatanagarYear 2007Conclusion Potato entries K. Chipsona-1 and DSAP-7 fertilized with ammonium

sulphate and diammonium phosphate produced good yield, better keepingquality under traditional storage structure and most sutable for makingquality processed products of potatoes. These varieties will help the potatogrowers to overcome the gluts situation during harvesting period, reducepost harvest losses and to fetch premium price with proving guarantedsource of industrial row materials.

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Practical utility Potato entries K. Chipsona-1 and DSAP-7 fertilized with ammoniumsulphate and diammonium phosphate is best for good yield, keepingquality and quality processed products of potatoes.

Department of Genetics and Plant BreedingTheme: Genetic and stability analysisS.

No.

1 Thesis title Heterosis, combining ability and stability analysis in pigeon pea [Cajanuscajan (L.) Millsp.]

Name of student M. P. PatelName of guide Dr. S. B. S. TikkaYear 2004Conclusion Present study undertaken to know the extent of heterosis, combining

ability, GXE interaction and stability parameters in pigeon pea for yieldand other important traits. The objectives of the study were to investigatethe magnitude of genetic variability, heritability, character association,path coefficient analysis, selection indices, genetic divergence, G x Einteraction and stability analysis. Data were recorded for different traitsviz. seed yield per plant and its component traits.

Practical utility The nature of gene action particularly the extent of heterosis, heritability ofparticular traits could be used for the identification of elite genotypes ofpigeon pea. The crosses were identified having superior yield advantagescould be used for large scale tesing and commercialization for generaladaptability of different genotypes.

2 Thesis title Heterosis, combining ability and stability analysis ininterspecific hybrid ofcotton (G. hirsutum X G. barbedense L.)

Name of student Patel J. A.Name of guide Dr. S. N. BodayaYear 2008Conclusion Present study undertaken to know the extent of heterosis, combining

ability, GXE interaction and stability parameters in cotton for yield andother important traits in cotton. The objectives of the study were toinvestigate the magnitude of genetic variability, heritability, characterassociation, path coefficient analysis, selection indices, genetic divergence,G x E interaction and stability analysis. Data were recorded for differentyield governing traits.

Practical utility The nature of gene action particularly the extent of heterosis, heritability ofparticular traits could be used for the identification of elite genotypes ofcotton. The crosses were identified having superior yield advantages couldbe used for large scale tesing and identification of elite genotypes forgeneral adaptability in cotton.

3 Thesis title Genetic studies in jatropha ( Jatropha curcas ) (L.)Name of student Prajapati S. B.Name of guide Dr. R. M. ChauhanYear 2008

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Conclusion The present investigation was carried out in a set of thirty three genotypesof jatropha [Jatropha curcas (L.)]. The objectives of the study were toinvestigate the magnitude of genetic variability, heritability, characterassociation, path coefficient analysis, selection indices, genetic divergence,G x E interaction and stability analysis and also study of molecular

characterization for jatropha genotypes. Data were recorded for eleventraits seed yield per plant and its component traits.viz., Characterizationstudy was done using ten random primers were screened using optimizedprotocol for detecting polymorphism among all the thirty three genotypesstudied.

Practical utility In the present study out of ten primers that were screened, none of theprimers showed any amplification for all the genotypes of jatropha. Theidentified primers might be useful for the identification of superior highyielding genotypes of jatropha.

4 Thesis title Genetic analysis and stability of cms lines and fertility restorers inpigeonpea [Cajanus cajan(L.) Millsp.]

Name of student P. T. PatelName of guide S. B. S. TikkaYear 2011Conclusion The present study was undertaken with a view to know the extent of

heterosis, combining ability, G x E interactions and stability parameters inpigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] for yield and its contributingcharacters. The hybrids were developed by adopting line x tester matingdesign involving six newly converted cytoplasmic male sterile lines asfemale parents and twelve newly developed pollen fertility restorer lines asmale parents in different maturity groups.

Practical utility Identified 4 hybrids could be valuable for large scale testing for theirgeneral adaptability and subsequently for their commercial exploitation.

5 Thesis title Heterosis, combining ability and stability analysis in okra [Abelmoschusesculentus (L.) Moench]

Name of student Khadia Satishkumar M.Name of guide Dr. A. V. AgalodiyaYear 2017Conclusion In the present investigation, information on the magnitude of heterosis,

combining ability and its experiment was conducted on one location infour different environments, G x E interactions and stability parameterswas obtained for fruit yield per plant and its related components followingline x tester mating design involving 15 diverse varieties/strains of okra[Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench].

Practical utility Identified crosses could be used for the development of hybrids in okra.6 Thesis title Heterosis, combining ability and phenotypic stability in forage sorghum

[Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]Name of student Shri P. R. PatelName of guide Dr. R. M. ChauhanYear 2017

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Conclusion The present study was undertaken with a view to know the extent ofheterosis, combining ability, G x E interactions and stability parameters inforage sorghum for fodder yield and yield attributing traits. The hybridswere developed by adopting line x tester mating design. The resultant 60hybrids were evaluated alongwith their 19 parents and three checks in arandomised block design with three replications.

Practical utility These parents as good sources of favourable genes for increasing

production of fodder yield per plant and these top five hybrids can beexploited commercially for fodder yield after testing in wide range ofenvironments.

Theme: Genetic analysis7 Thesis title Genetic of yield, yield components and wilt resistance in castor

(Ricinus communis L.)Name of student K. R. PatelName of guide Dr. S. N. JaiminiYear 2004Conclusion Diallel analysis and five parameter generation mean analysis carried out to

know the gene action in castor for various characters. Direct crosses usedfor the generation of materials and selfing to produce different populationto findout the genetics of yield and related traits in castor.

Practical utility The nature of gene action especially for wilt resistant genotypes could beused beneficial for the development of resistant plants in castor.

8 Thesis title Genetic of quantitative traits in cowpea [Vigna unguiculata(L.) Walp]Name of student Indra singhName of guide Dr. S. N. BodayaYear 2004Conclusion Present study undertaken to know the extent of heterosis, combining

ability, GXE interaction and stability parameters in cow pea for yield andother important traits. The objectives of the study were to investigate themagnitude of genetic variability, heritability, character association, pathcoefficient analysis, selection indices, genetic divergence, G x E interactionand stability analysis. Data were recorded for different traits viz, of yieldand other 12 traits were studied through diallel analysisin cow pea.

Practical utility The nature of gene action particularly the extent of heterosis, heritability ofparticular traits could be used for the identification of elite genotypes ofcow pea.

9 Thesis title Genetic analysis of grain yield and its components and resistance to yellowmosaic virous in mung bean (Vigna radiata)

Name of student M. B. PatelName of guide Dr. S. B. S. TikkaYear 2005Conclusion Present study undertaken to know the extent of heterosis, combining

ability, GXE interaction and stability parameters in mung bean for yieldand other important traits through diallel analysis. The objectives of the

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study were to investigate the magnitude of genetic variability, heritability,character association, path coefficient analysis, selection indices, geneticdivergence, G x E interaction and stability analysis.

Practical utility The nature of gene action particularly the extent of heterosis, heritability ofparticular traits could be used for the identification of elite genotypes andparticular cross of mung bean.

10 Thesis title Genetic of yield and wilt resistance traits in castor (Ricinus communis L.)Name of student P. B. PatelName of guide Dr. H. C. PathakYear 2005Conclusion Six generations of four crosses of castor were carried out to know the

nature of gene action through generation mean analysis. Heterosis,inbreeding depression was carried out among different genotypes for 16traits especially to wilt resistance in castor.

Practical utility The nature of gene action could be used for identification of particularcrosses for the improvement of different quantitative traits in castor.

11 Thesis title Genetic analysis of yield, yield components and certain physiologicalparameters with optimum and sub optimum moisture condition in mung

bean (Vigna radiata)Name of student Haibatpure S. H.Name of guide Dr. S. B. S. TikkaYear 2006Conclusion Genetic analysis of yield, yield components and certain physiological

parameters with optimum and sub optimum moisture condition in mungbean (Vigna radiata) were performed through diallel methods to deduce theheterosis, inbreeding depression, combining ability of parents and crosses.

Practical utility The genetic analysis could be used for identification of particular crossesand selection of elite parents for the improvement of different quantitativetraits in mung bean.

12 Thesis title Line x tester analysis over invironments in Indian mustard (Brassica(L.)Czerm & Coss )

Name of student Parmar A. S.Name of guide Dr. S. N. JaiminiYear 2008Conclusion Present study undertaken to know the extent of heterosis, combining

ability in mustard for yield and other important traits. The objectives of thestudy were to investigate the magnitude of genetic variability, heritability,character association, path coefficient analysis, selection indices, geneticdivergence. Data were recorded for different yield governing traits.

Practical utility The nature of gene action particularly the extent of heterosis, heritability ofparticular traits could be used for the identification of elite genotypes ofmustard.

13 Thesis title Heterosis and combining ability studies for yield and physiological traits inmustard over environment

Name of student V. C. Joshi

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juncea

Name of guide Dr. H. C. PathakYear 2006Conclusion This study was performed to know the extent of heterosis, combining

ability, GXE interaction and stability parameters in mustard for yield andother important traits. The objectives of the study were to investigate themagnitude of genetic variability, heritability, character association, pathcoefficient analysis, selection indices, genetic divergence, G x E interactionand stability analysis. Data were recorded for different traits viz, seed yieldper plant and its component traits.

Practical utility The nature of gene action could be used for the identification of elitegenotypes of mustard. The crosses were identified having superior yieldadvantages could be used for large scale evaluation for phenotypic stability

of different genotypes.14 Thesis title Heterosis and combining ability in clusterbean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba

(L.) Taub)Name of student Vyas V. H.Name of guide Dr. S. B. S. TikkaYear 2006Conclusion Heterosis, inbreeding depression, combining ability and genetic

components of yield and other 11 traits were studied through diallelanalysis in cluster bean to find out the nature of gene action. The geneticanalysis for different characters performed to find out the geneticarchitecture of various traits.

Practical utility The nature of gene action with heritability, correlation and combiningability analysis were carried out for various quantitative traits to know themode of inheritance and isolation of genotypes for beneficial traits.

15 Thesis title DialleI analysis for seed yield and wilt resistance in castor

(Ricinus communis L .)Name of student Chaudhari K. N.Name of guide Dr. H. C. PathakYear 2007Conclusion Present study undertaken to know the extent of heterosis, combining

ability, GXE interaction and stability parameters in castor for yield andother important traits. The natures of gene action were performed to knowthe genetic architecture of various quantitative traits including wiltresistance.

Practical utility The present study could be used for detection of superior genotypes andused in the crossing program.

16 Thesis title Genetic analysis for yield and quality traits inblack gram (Vigna mungoL. heppen).

Name of student Bhaginath RamName of guide Dr. S. B. S. TikkaYear 2008Conclusion The present investigation was carried out in black gram to investigate the

magnitude of genetic variability, heritability, character association, path

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coefficient analysis, selection indices. Data were recorded for differentyield and quality traits to determine the mode of inheritance and geneticassociation between the quality characters. The traits which directly orindirectly involved in yield were identified for the given genetic materials.

Practical utility The information regarding the heritability, mode of inheritance andassociation between different quality traits in black gram could be used forthe development of elite genotypes.

17 Thesis title Genetic studies of some important qualitative and quantitative traits over

environments in rustica tobacco (Nicotiana rustica L.)Name of student Patel J. M.Name of guide Dr. P. S. PatelYear 2009Conclusion Heterosis, inbreeding depression, heritability and genetic advance were

carried out in 4 crosses through generation mean analysis in tobacco. Theabove study provides the extent of heterosis in different crosses withamount of heritability of different traits per se. The genetic advancecalculated in this study could be used for the identification of promisinglines and particular cross for the improvement of various quantitativecharacters.

Practical utility The nature of gene action in tobacco particularly the extent of heterosis,heritability of particular traits could be used for the identification of elitegenotypes of tobacco.

18 Thesis title Genetic analysis for yield and quality traits in sesame(Sesamum indicum L.)Name of student Narendra KumarName of guide Dr. S. B. S. TikkaYear 2009Conclusion The present study was undertaken with a view to know the per se

performance of the parental lines and crosses, extent of heterosis,combining ability, G x E interaction and stability parameters in sesame foryield and quality traits. The hybrids were developed by adopting diallelmating design excluding reciprocals involving eight Indian sesamegenotypes during summer, 2007.

Practical utility The presence of both additive and non-additive gene actions was observedfor yield and yield attributing traits under the present investigationemployed to develop superior lines with several desirable characters andyield improvement in sesame.

19 Thesis title Genetic analysis of yield and quality traits in indian mustard [Brassicajuncea(l.) Czern and coss]

Name of student Patel P. J.Name of guide Dr. K. M. PatelYear 2009Conclusion This study was carried out to estimate gene effects, heterosis, heritability,

inbreeding depression and genetic advance for seventeen characters inIndian mustard (Brassica juncea (L.) Czern and Coss) were investigatedthrough generation mean analysis, using six basic generations (P1, P2, F1,

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F2, BC1 and BC2) of four set of crosses. Moderate to high broad senseheritability alongwith low genetic advance observed for days to maturityand oil content, suggested slow improvement in these traits throughselection in segregating generations.

Practical utility It is evident that for improvement of yield, its components and qualitytraits in the present set of materials, the breeding efforts should be directedtowards using an effective selection scheme for getting higher geneticgains. Utilization of reciprocal recurrent selection, which has the virtue ofeffectively exploiting both additive and non-additive components, wouldbe most appropriate and fruitful for exploiting present set of materials forobtaining higher yielding genotypes of Indian mustard.

20 Thesis title Genetic analysis of yield and quality traits in Indian mustard[Brassica juncea (L.) Czern and Coss]

Name of student Patel Mehul P.Name of guide Dr. R. M. ChauhanYear 2010Conclusion The present investigation was undertaken to study the magnitude of gene

effects, heterosis, heterobeltiosis, inbreeding depression, heritability andgenetic advance in Indian mustard [Brassica juncea (L) Czern and Coss].The analysis of variance revealed significant variation for all the charactersamong different generations in all four crosses and in all fourenvironments. These results suggested the considerable genetic variationin the parental material studied in this population.

Practical utility In this research work, it is evident that for improvement of yield, itscomponents and quality traits in the present set of materials, the breedingefforts should be directed towards using an effective selection scheme forgetting higher genetic gains.

21 Thesis title Geneticanalysis of yield and quality traits in castor (Ricinus Communis L.)Name of student Patel Mukesh S.Name of guide Dr. R. M. ChauhanYear 2010Conclusion The present investigation entitled “Genetic analysis of yield and quality

traits in castor [Ricinus communis (L.)]” was carried out through diallelanalysis (involving ten parents, half diallel fashion) and six parametergeneration mean analysis. In diallel analysis, the analysis of varianceshowed highly significant differences among genotypes and hybrids for allthe traits.

Practical utility It is evident that for improvement of yield, its components and qualitytraits in the present set of material, the breeding efforts should be directedtowards using an effective selection scheme for getting higher geneticgains.

22 Thesis title Genetic analysis of yield and quality traits in mustard [Brassica Juncea(L.) Czern And Coss]

Name of student Chetan G. PatelName of guide Dr. N. H. Patel

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Year 2011Conclusion Mustard is one of the most important edible oil seed crops of the world as

well as India after groundnut. The experimental material comprised of 10females (lines), 5 males (testers) and 50 F1 crosses developed by line x testermating design. Present investigation was undertaken with an objective tostudy the magnitude of heterosis, combining ability and stabilityparameters of various genotypes under diverse environments.

Practical utility Among hybrids, TM 24 x NUDH YJ 4, TM 24 x BPR 6-91-65-3 and TM 24 xEC 28771 were found to be stable in different environmental conditions forseed yield per plant.

23 Thesis title Genetic analysis of diallel crosses in bread wheat [Triticum aestivum (L)Em.Thell.]under timely and late sown conditions

Name of student Harshadkumar N. PatelName of guide Dr. A. V. AgalodiyaYear 2015Conclusion Diallel analysis was carried out to estimate the extents of magnitude of

heterosis, combining ability effects, genotype x environment interaction,stability analysis and heat susceptibility index in bread wheat [Triticum

aestvium (L.) em. Thell.] over different environments for qualitative andquantitative traits.

Practical utility On the basis of present study tolerance to heat, the genotypes PBW 343 andGW 366 and the cross combinations GW 322 x GW 366 and PBW 343 x GW404 were found promising for their utilization in breeding programmes forbread wheat.

24 Thesis title Genetic architecture for seed yield, its components and wilt resistance incastor (Ricinus communis L.) over different environments

Name of student Makani Aniketkumar YagneshbhaiName of guide Dr. P. S. PatelYear 2015Conclusion The present investigation consists of 10 parents, their 45 crosses developed

by half diallel mating design along with one standard check GCH 7.Results of combining ability analysis (Pooled and individualenvironments) showed significant GCA and SCA variances for all the traitsstudied, which indicated that both additive and non-additive gene actionswere important for the inheritance of most of traits.

Practical utility In this direction, the crosses MCI-108 x SKI 341, SKI 341 x SPS 43-3, SKI 341x GC 3, MCI-108 x GC 3 and SKI 341 x SH 41 were superior based on theirper se performance, heterosis, combining ability and stability parameters.Therefore, these crosses need further evaluation and best one should beidentified as potential crosses for commercial exploitation.

25 Thesis title Genetic studies in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)Name of student Patel Rameshkumar ManilalName of guide Dr. R. M. ChauhanYear 2016

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Conclusion The present study was undertaken with a view to know the extent ofheterosis, combining ability, G x E interactions and stability parameters insesame for yield and yield attributing traits. The hybrids were developedby adopting diallel mating design excluding reciprocals involving nineIndian sesame genotypes. The analysis of variance for phenotypic stabilityrevealed that genotypes interacted differently in different environments.

Practical utility In view of presence of both additive and non-additive gene actions asobserved under the present investigation, bi-parental mating may beemployed for further improvment.

Theme: Floral and reproductive biology and genetic analysis26 Thesis title Study of "oral and reproductive biology and genetic analysis of

quantitative traits in aran (Ailanthus excelasa .)RoxbName of student Chandak V. S.Name of guide Dr. S. N. JaiminiYear 2006Conclusion Extents of informations regarding the #oral and reproductive biology were

performed in aran. The nature of gene action with heritability, correlationand combining ability analysis were carried out Aran (Ailanthus excelasaRoxb.) for various quantitative traits to know the mode of inheritance andgenetics architectures.

Practical utility The present study could be used for development of elite genotypes and

delineate the different genetics parameters for the improvement of aran.

Theme: Genetic divergence and combining ability analysis27 Thesis title Studies on genetic divergence and combining ability desi cotton

(Gossypium herbaceum L.)Name of student Patel T. T.Name of guide Dr. B. S. JadonYear 2007Conclusion Genetic divergence among various genotypes of cotton was done for

isolation of diverse genotypes. Combining ability analysis were carried outto know heterosis, combining ability and nature of gene action in desicotton.

Practical utility The present study could be used for isolation of genetypes and their use inheterosis breeding in cotton.

Theme: Genetic diversity analysis28 Thesis title Floral and reproductive biology, genetic diversity in ber (Ziziphus

maunitiana Lam.)Name of student Shanadre C. M.Name of guide Dr. S. N. JaiminiYear 2008Conclusion Extents of informations regarding the #oral and reproductive biology were

performed in aran. The nature of gene action with heritability, correlationand combining ability analysis were carried out in ber for various

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quantitative traits to know the mode of inheritance and geneticsarchitectures.

Practical utility The present study could be used for development of elite genotypes anddelineate the different genetics parameters for the improvement of ber.

Theme: Gene action29 Thesis title Heterosis and combining ability analysis in mustard ( Brassica juncea L.)

over environment using diallel mating designName of student A. K. KanwalName of guide Dr. H. C. PathakYear 2008Conclusion Heterosis, inbreeding depression, combining ability and genetic

components of yield and other 12 traits were studied through diallelanalysis in mustard (Brassica juncea L.). Direct crosses were made andevaluated for the different yield governing parameters in mustard.

Practical utility The present study could be used for identification of superior crosses andparents for the improvement of varios quantitative traits.

30 Thesis title Heterosis and combining ability analysis for yield and its componenets inpotato (Solanum tuberosum L.)

Name of student Patel Ramjibhai N.Name of guide Dr. N. H. PatelYear 2010Conclusion The present study was undertaken with a view to know the extent of

heterosis and combining ability in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) for tuberyield and other important traits. The hybrids were developed by adopting

line x tester mating design using 15 females and 4 males. The analysis ofvariance in individual generation and across the generations revealedsignificant differences among genotypes and existence of overall heterosisfor tuber yield per plant and other important yield attributes.

Practical utility Predominance of SCA variance in the present study indicated that selectionof parents based on their per se performance would not be effective. Invegetatively grown potato crop, both additive and non additive geneticeffects can be exploited for its improvement. Parents can be selected on thebasis of their general combining ability.

31 Thesis title Heterosis and combining ability in bread wheat [Triticum aestivum (L.)Em.Thell.]

Name of student Kajale Deelip B.Name of guide Dr. A. V. AgalodiyaYear 2014Conclusion Line x Tester analysis was carried out to estimate the extents of magnitude

of heterosis, heritability, combining ability effects and heat susceptibilityindex in bread wheat [Triticum aestvium (L.) em. Thell.] over differentenvironments for qualitative and quantitative traits. Experimentalmaterials comprising of 16 parents [6 females (lines) and 10 males(testers)], their sixty hybrids and one standard check. The parental line UP

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2669, GW 496 and NIAW 917 was found tolerant to heat as it recordedminimum heat susceptibility index. Among the hybrids NIAW 917 x UP2669, GW 496 x NING 8201 and NIAW 8201 x PBW 343 were promising forboth the sowing conditions for generating heat tolerant segregants in breadwheat. Therefore, these three crosses hold promise to generate better heattolerant segregants.

Practical utility On the basis of perse performance and tolerance to heat, the genotype UP2669 and the cross combinations GW I1 x Raj 4037, NIAW 917 x PBW 343and NIAW 917 x UP 2669 were found promising for their utilization inbreeding programmes for bread wheat.

32 Thesis title Heterosis and combining ability analysis for yield and its components inpotato (Solanum tuberosum L.)

Name of student Parmar Sanjaykumar K.Name of guide Dr. N. H. PatelYear 2014Conclusion Genetic studies based on heterosis and combining ability analysis were

conducted for tuber yield and its components in potato (Solanum tuberosumL.). The hybrids were developed by adopting line × tester mating designusing eight females and four males.

Practical utility Predominance of SCA variances in the present study indicated that theselection of parents based on their per se performance may not be effective.Progeny test can help to identify valuable crosses in order to build up of alarge population based on selected crosses.

Theme: Mutation study33 Thesis title Gamma rays induced quantitative variability in horsegr am (Macrotyloma

uni!orum lam. Verdc.)Name of student Patel N. B.

Name of guide Dr. S. B. S. TikkaYear 2008Conclusion The studies on “Gamma rays induced quantitative variability in horse

gram (Macrotyloma uni!orum Lam. Verdc)” were carried out with a view toinduce quantitative variability through physical mutagen (gamma rays).M1 generation was raised both in #at and field condition. Analysis ofvariance revealed significant differences among the varieties for days tomaturity and plant height in M2 generation and for plant height in M3

generation, indicated varietal differences for these characters in respectivegeneration.

Practical utility The clustering pattern that genotypes were clustered irrespective of theireco-geographical regions. Test weight was the main contributor towardsthe total divergence. Yield per plant, number of seeds per pod, pod length,days to maturity, plant height, days to 50% #owering and number of podsper plant had moderate contribution towards total divergence in horsegram. The result indicates that mutation breeding could be a good strategyfor the improvement of this crop.

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Theme: Biochemical and molecular characterization34 Thesis title Characterization of CMS lines of pigeonpea(Cajanus Cajan (L.) Millsp.) :

analysis through biochemical and molecular markersName of student Solanki Hirendrakumar S.Name of guide Dr. S. B. S. TikkaYear 2010Conclusion An investigation was undertaken with the objectives of characterization of

12 pigeonpea CMS lines and their maintainer lines biochemical andmolecular markers. While male sterile and their respective maintainersremained undifferentiated, maximum genetic similarity was observedbetween CMS GT288A/B and CMS GT lOOA/B, whereas minimumgenetic similarity observed between genotype CMS GT 100A/B and CMSGT 305A/B.

Practical utility The present set of primers could characterize difference among differentgenotypes, but could not distinguish CMS lines and their correspondingmaintainer lines. This indicates fairly high level of similarity and line mighthave approached a level of near isogenic lines.

Theme: Diallel analysis35 Thesis title Diallel analysis over environments in bread wheat [Triticum aestivum (L.)

Em. Thell.]Name of student Patel Bhanukumar M.Name of guide Dr. K. M. PatelYear 2011Conclusion Diallel analysis, excluding reciprocals in bread wheat [Triticum aestivum (L)

em. Thell.] involving nine diverse parents and their thirty-six crosses werecarried out to ascertain the magnitude of general combining ability andspecific combining ability over environments and the extent of heterosis fordifferent qualitative and quantitative traits and how are they impacted bygenotype x environment interactions.

Practical utility The check variety GW 322 was found stable for grain yield per plant. Noneof the parents was found stable over environment for grain yield per plant.Two crosses were found to be stable for grain yield per plant Giant‘3 xviz.,VA 99-14 and DL 327 x GW 2001-9 could be used for further improvement.

36 Thesis title Molecular and biochemical characterization of B and R lines of pigeonpea

with special reference to fusarium wilt (Fussarium udum Butler)Name of student Shinde Amol S.Name of guide Dr. S. AcharyaYear 2013Conclusion The experimental material comprising 40 genotypes of pigeon pea

encompassing 15 B lines, 15 R lines, 5 wilt resistance and 5 wilt susceptiblegenotypes. Six RAPD marker exhibiting more - 80 % polymorphism inresistant and susceptible genotypes were screened for informative bands inpooled synthetic DNA. Two of the 6 RAPD primers OPAviz; -4 and OPB-11 amplified two unique bands of size 1088 and 1120bp, respectively, inDNA pool of resistant genotypes.

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Practical utility The results though require confirmation through linkage studies; it seemedthat OPA-16 primer can be used for screening wilt resistance gene inpigeonpea. All the biochemical markers indicated higher activity in all thelines after wilt resistant genotypes which could be used for further studies.

37 Thesis title Marker development of sex determination in castor (Ricinus communis L.)Name of student Khalekar Ganesh D.Name of guide Dr. L. D. ParmarYear 2014Conclusion The present investigation entitled "Marker development for sex

determination in castor (Ricinus communis L.)" was conducted to find outthe DNA sequences responsible for sex determination and sex reversal atmolecular level. It was found that a very low level of genetic base in castori. e., out of 87 primers tested, only 12 primers were able to amplify andnone of the amplified primers were found to be polymorphic among theselected castor genotypes.

Practical utility The study could be used for the molecular analysis and furtherdevelopment of markers for the castor improvement.

38 Thesis title Molecular characterization of different varieties and accessions ofpomegranate (Punica granatum L.)

Name of student Jitendra Kumar SarojName of guide Dr. Y. RavindrababuYear 2016Conclusion The present investigation on “Molecular characterization of different

varieties and accessions of pomegranate [Punica granatum (L.)]”was carriedout. The investigation was undertaken with a view to study themorphological and molecular parameters and the correlations amongdifferent characters in pomegranate. The experimental material consistedof fifty varieties/accessions. The observations were recorded on eightmorphological characters. Most of the plant characters of the genotypeswithin the same group were found variable.

Practical utility The molecular characterization is necessary to get reliable relationshipsamong pomegranate genotypes and SSR markers can be utilized effectivelyfor estimation of molecular variation.

Theme: Genetic and molecular characterization39 Thesis title Genetic analysis and molecular characterization in mustard [Brassica juncea

L.Czern & Coss.]Name of student R. A. GamiName of guide Dr. R. M. ChauhanYear 2012Conclusion The present investigation entitled "Genetic Analysis and Molecular

Characterization in Mustard [Brassica juncea L. Czern & Coss.]" wasundertaken with a view to study of heterosis, combining ability, nature ofgene action and molecular characterization for seed yield, quantitative andqualitative characters.

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Practical utility The molecular analysis among the different mustard lines including tenparents and their hybrids with individual RAPD primers could generatehigh degree of polymorphism indicating its power for the identification ofindividual genotype in mustard.

Theme: Molecular analysis40 Thesis title Molecular mapping of the fertility restoration gene(s) for a2 system of male

sterility in pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.]Name of student Sheikh Waseem A.Name of guide Dr. S. AcharyaYear 2013Conclusion The investigation entitled “Molecular mapping of the fertility restoration

gene(s) for A2 system of male sterility in pigeonpea [ Cajanus cajan (L.)Millsp.]” was executed for ascertaining molecular markers (SSR andRAPD) for fertility restoration of male sterility in pigeonpea entailing A2cytoplasm of Cajanus scarabaeoides. Bulk segregating analysis revealed that10 of the 139 polymorphic decamer RAPD markers produced preciselydistinct bands subjective to fertility restorer DNA bulk.

Practical utility Identified markers could be exploited as a precise selection tool for seminalbut stubborn character like restoration of fertility in male sterile lines thathas germane significance in otherwise immensely important heterosisbreeding in pigeonpea.

41 Thesis title Molecular mapping of Helicoverpa tolerance in pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan(L.) ( Millspaugh]

Name of student Kalaskar Sampat RameshName of guide Dr. S. AcharyaYear 2013Conclusion The investigation entitled "Molecular mapping of Helicoverpa tolerance in

pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Mills.]" to ascertain informative molecularmarkers and linkage map thereof for tolerance to Helicoverpa. Thephenotyping of susceptibility and tolerance to Helicoverpa was executedby releasing the Helicoverpa in net house.

Practical utility The RAPD informative markers were situated close to the locus conferringtolerance to Helicoverpa could be used more efficiently by sequencing anddeveloping sequence based markers like SCAR.

Theme: Morphological and phytochemical analysis42 Thesis title Morphological and phytochemical investigations in wild noni (Morinda

tomentosa Heyne Ex Roth.)Name of student Rathod A. H.Name of guide Dr. S. AcharyaYear 2014Conclusion The investigation entailed field and phytochemical observations in thirty-

one wild accessions of Morinda tomentosa. D2 analysis could group thirty-one different accessions into six clusters. Four of these clusters viz; II, III,IV and VI were mono accession, while Cluster I and Cluster V containedtwenty four and three accessions, respectively. Though ten of the twenty

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characters contributed to the total diversity, anthocyanin content in leaf,carotenoid content in fruit, total phenol content in leaf, total phenol contentin fruit and #avonol content in fruit accounted for 78.70 per cent of thetotal diversity.

Practical utility These characters were found inclusive for fruit yield enhancement as perpath analysis, and therefore, could be under pinned for amelioration offruit yield in wild noni (Morinda tomemtosa).

Theme: Molecular marker analysis43 Thesis title Molecular marker analysis for common scab in potato (Solanum tuberosum

L.).Name of student Kapuria Manthan N.Name of guide Dr. R. M. ChauhanYear 2015Conclusion Present investigation was carried out for the isolation, morphological and

biochemical characterization of Streptomyces scabies as well as screeningand molecular characterization of different genotypes of potato againstcommon scab diseases. Streptomyces scabies was isolated and purifiedfollowing tissue isolation technique by using Glucose aspargine agarmedium.

Practical utility The genetic association and distinctiveness provides a useful guide forselection of germplasm for plant breeding and conservation efforts formaking resistance genotypes against common scab diseases.

44 Thesis title Study on molecular markers for genetic purity in pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan(L.) Millsp.]

Name of student Walunjkar Babasaheb C.Name of guide Dr. L. D. ParmarYear 2015Conclusion The investigation entitled "Studies on molecular markers for genetic

purity in pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.]" was carried out. A total of40 SSR primers were used for characterization of the 12 pigeonpeagenotypes. As a result, 10 out of 40 polymorphic SSR markers amplified atotal of 29 fragments with an average of 2.9 fragments per marker werefound. Grow-out genetic purity test method depicted 10.14 per cent higherpurity than the results with molecular genetics purity test.

Practical utility Molecular genetics purity test may be utilized primarily for assessment ofgenetic purity of varieties and for its quickness, effectiveness, less labour-

intensive and more simplicity, after extensive research on this aspect forvariety specific markers.

45 Thesis title Identification and molecular marker based characterization of mungbean[Vigna radiate(L.) Wilczek] genotypes for resistance against mungbean

yellow mosaic virusName of student Dharajia Darshankumar ThakarshibhaiName of guide Dr. Y. RavindrababuYear 2016

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Conclusion The present study was also undertaken to identify RAPD and SSR markersassociated with MYMV resistance in mungbean by employing BulkedSegregant Analysis (BSA) in F3 population of Pusa Ratna (susceptibleparent) × Meha (resistant parent). Another objective of the study was toscreen mungbean genotypes against molecular markers linked withMYMV resistance in mungbean.

Practical utility In the study of marker validation, SSR marker namely, AB 0889 was foundto be linked with MYMV resistance gene and RAPD marker namely, OPP07895 showed association with MYMV resistance gene in mungbean. Theselinked markers can be used in marker assisted breeding programs for thedevelopment of MYMV resistant genotypes in mungbean.

Theme: Genetic divergence46 Thesis title Genetic divergence for iron and zinc rich pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.)

Millsp.] genotype using molecular markersName of student Sweta MishraName of guide Dr. S. AcharyaYear 2015Conclusion The plant materials comprised of 104 diversified cultivated and wild

genotypes of pigeon pea that were scored for eight traits to undertakebiochemical profiling, RAPD based molecular characterization and toidentify informative RAPD markers for high seed iron and seed zincconcentrations.

Practical utility The promising genotypes identified in the present study can contributetowards selecting suitable starting material for classical breeding. Theinformative RAPD markers that distinguish between the high and low Feand Zn containing pigeonpea genotypes obtained in the present study cantremendously speed up the breeding process.

Theme: Biochemical and molecular analysis47 Thesis title Delineating biochemical and molecular aspects of host -pathogen

interaction for alternaria blight in cumin [ Cuminum cyminum (L.)]Name of student Khatrani Tarunkumar J.Name of guide Dr. S. AcharyaYear 2016Conclusion The present study was undertaken in cumin [Cuminum cyminum (L.)] to

evaluate genotypic variability for blight [Alternaria burnsii] resistanceunder field conditions; morphological and molecular variability amongstdifferent isolates of pathogen of cumin blight and the impact onbiochemical and molecular aspects on host-pathogen interaction duringblight disease in cumin.

Practical utility The results suggested that both biochemical (total phenol content, nativeprotein banding pattern, PAL, chitinase and β-1, 3 glucanase) andmolecular markers (RAPD and SSR) can be useful for screening of diseasereaction against Alternaria blight in cumin.

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48 Thesis title Delineating different physio-chemical attributes in relation to chapatimaking quality in bread whea t (Triticum aestivum L Em. Thell)

Name of student Talekar Nilesh SName of guide Dr. Suresh AcharyaYear 2017Conclusion Genotypic differences were highly significant for all the characters at all

the environments. The estimates of phenotypic coefficient of variation werehigher than genotypic coefficient of variation.

Practical utility The promising genotypes were identified could be used for the chapattimaking in bread wheat.

Theme: Genetic diversity and molecular characterization49 Thesis title Genetic diversity and molecular characterization of land races of maize

(Zea mays L.) in GujaratName of student Lahane PrafullKumar S.Name of guide Dr. Y. RavindrababuYear 2016Conclusion In the present investigation entitled, “Genetic diversity and molecular

characterization of land races of maize (Zea mays L.) in Gujarat”,morphological diversity in 25 land races of maize through Mahalanobis’s

D2 analysis for twelve morphological characters and moleculardiversity was estimated by 10 RAPD primers. The analysis of variancerevealed highly significant difference among the genotypes for all thecharacters.

Practical utility Both morphological and RAPD markers are suitable for the assessment ofgenetic diversity among different maize land races studied. Hence, studieson morphological and molecular markers are quite useful in analysing thegenetic diversity in maize.

Theme: Genetic transformation50 Thesis title Response of pigeon pea [Cajanua cajan (L.) Millsp.] genotypes to

transformation with different strains of AgrobacteriumName of student Jasani Hitesh Kumar V.Name of guide Dr. L. D. ParmarYear 2016Conclusion Aim of this study was to find out response of pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.)

Millsp.] genotypes to transformation using different strains ofAgrobacterium. A simple, efficient and reproducible high frequency plantregeneration protocol have been developed though callus culture fromvarious explants from 12 day old seedlings. Four pigeonpea genotypes viz.,GT 101, GTR 75, GT 301B and UPAS 120 were tested for whole plantregeneration in different combination of growth regulators.

Practical utility The whole plant can be regenerated through callus developed from leafexplant as well as direct regeneration from cotyledonary node explant.

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Theme: Genetic and cytogenetic analysis51 Thesis title Cytogenetics, heterosis, combining ability and phenotypic stability analysis

in pigeon pea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.]Name of student Nalin Kantibhai PagiName of guide Dr. Y. RavindrababuYear 2016Conclusion The present investigation comprised study of karyotyping and ploidy

analysis of sixteen genotypes and five wild relative.The cytogenetics studyincludes, investigation of the detailed information for karyo-morphologicaldata, nuclear DNA and ploidy level variation in C. cajan and some of itswild relatives (16 genotypes and 5 wild relatives).

Practical utility Predominance of non-additive gene action for seed yield per plant and itsrelated traits in the present investigation favours hybrid breedingprogramme in this crop. Unlike other pulses, presence of considerablenatural out crossing, availability of cytoplasmic male sterile line inpigeonpea favours commercial exploitation of heterosis.

Theme: Somatic hybridization52 Thesis title Somatic hybridization of pigeon pea [Cajanua cajan (L.) Millsp.] with

its wild relativesName of student Pachchigar Karenkumar P.Name of guide Dr. L. D. ParmarYear 2016Conclusion Current research work was undertaken with a view to study the

magnitude of isolation and its optimization, somatic hybridization ofprotoplast their regeneration and its molecular analysis for characterisationof true somatic hybrid. The experimental material consisted of 4 cultivatedand 5 wild genotypes of pigeonpea for exploiting Response SurfaceMethodology (RSM) model based optimization of treatment combinationof enzyme concentration for protoplast isolation of pigeonpea and wildgenotypes.

Practical utility True somatic hybrids have been regenerated from calli derived from postfusion of isolated protoplast of pigeonpea and its wild relatives could befurther used for the improvement of pigeon pea.

Theme: Morphological and molecular diversity studies53 Thesis title Morophological and molecular diversity studies of inbred line in maize

(Zea mays L.)Name of student Jadhav Shrinivas ShripatiName of guide Dr. R. M. ChauhanYear 2017Conclusion The present investigation was carried out through diallel method to

estimate heterosis, combining ability and nature of gene action. The crosseswere attempted by diallel method involving ten inbred line and one check.The resultant forty five hybrids along with their parent were evaluated inrandomized block design with three replications to estimate field

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observations and evaluation of genotype.Practical utility Both heterosis breeding and molecular diversity analysis results obtained

in this study might be useful in future crop improvement programmesthrough the selection of diverse parents for heterosis breeding based on thephenotypic traits as well as on the molecular markers in maize.

Department of Entomology

Theme: Seasonal abundance and Pest managementS.No.

1. Thesis title Pest succession and management of important pests of groundnutName of student Bhatt N. J.Name of guide Dr. G. M. PatelYear 2004Conclusion The incidence of leafhopper, thrips, leafminer and grey weevil persisted

throughout crop period during both kharif and summer seasons. Activity ofwhite#y, H. armigera and S. litura were found for short time during kharifwhile not found during summer. The Activity of sucking pests andleafminer was higher between August to October during kharif and Aprilduring summer. Grey weevil population reached peak level during 12WAS and 6 WAS in kharif and in March in summer. The plant mortalitydue to whitegrub started during 3rd week after sowing and reached peaklevel in month of August and September in Kharif.To monitor incidence and mass trapping of whitegrub beetles, install Pateland Bhatt trap with onset of monsoon.Grow sesamum and sorghum as intercrop to reduce incidence of variouspests and increase yield.Testing of various combinations of furrow application/ seed treatmentwith foliar application of quinalphos 25 EC @ 25ml/kg + endosulfan 0.07%+ methyl-o-demeton 0.03% @ 10 ml/ 10 lit was most effective combinationto reduce to leafhopper, thrips, leafminer and whitegrub population.Seeds should be treated with quinalphos 25 EC @ 25ml/kg and allow it todry for 3-4 hours before sowing or apply 40 kg neem seed kernelpowder/ha in furrow before sowing against whitegrub.Spray methyl-o-demeton 0.03% @ 10 ml/ 10 lit. or Uplenchwar mixture 1%@ 100 ml/ 10 lit. of water to combat sucking pests.

Practical utility Testing of various combinations of furrow application/ seed treatmentwith foliar application of quinalphos 25 EC @ 25ml/kg + endosulfan 0.07%+ methyl-o-demeton 0.03% @ 10 ml/ 10 lit was most effective combinationto reduce to leafhopper, thrips, leafminer and whitegrub population.Seeds should be treated with quinalphos 25 EC @ 25ml/kg and allow it todry for 3-4 hours before sowing or apply 40 kg neem seed kernelpowder/ha in furrow before sowing against whitegrub.Spray methyl-o-demeton 0.03% @ 10 ml/ 10 lit. or Uplenchwar mixture 1%

@ 100 ml/ 10 lit. of water to combat sucking pests.

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Theme: Biology and Pest management2 Thesis title Comparative bionomics of Menochilus sexmaculatus Fabricius on

different aphid species and conservation of arthropod natural enemies

through habitat management in mustard ecosystemName of student Patel R. A.Name of guide Dr. I. S. PatelYear 2004Conclusion The average incubation period of M. sexmaculatus was varied from 3.08 to

3.60 days feeding on different aphid species.The average pre-oviposition period was 3.30, 2.80, 3.20, 3.10, 2.90, 3.10 and3.20 days, oviposition period was 13.00, 14.40, 15.50, 15.80, 14.30, 16.30 and14.50 days, post oviposition period was 3.00, 2.70, 2.70, 2.70, 2.50, 2.70 and2.50 days, when females of M. sexmaculatus fed on L. erysimi, T. maculate, Acraccivora, H. coriandari, A. gossypii, A. nerri and B. brassicae, respectively.The mean entire life span was 28.2 to 31.8 days for male and 35.2 to 39.8days for female on different aphid species.Maximum aphids were caught towards yellow coloured sticky traps (4021)followed by white (3172), blue (2615) and green trap (2299).Among various border crop, mustard bordered with Lucerne recordedmaximum coccinellid predators, Chrysoperla and syrphid #y populationfollowed by mustard bordered Indian bean and fennel crops.Module II (installing sticky trap+ mechanical collection of infested twigs+use of Verticillium lecanii @ 2 g/ ml+ spraying of tobacco snuff decoction1% + need based application of methyl-o-demeton @ 0.025%) recordedminimum aphid incidence and was more effective, economical as well aseco-friendly to the environment.

Practical utility Maximum aphids were caught towards yellow coloured sticky traps (4021)followed by white (3172), blue (2615) and green trap (2299).Among various border crop, mustard bordered with Lucerne recordedmaximum coccinellid predators, Chrysoperla and syrphid #y populationfollowed by mustard bordered Indian bean and fennel crops.Module II (installing sticky trap+ mechanical collection of infested twigs+use of Verticillium lecanii @ 2 g/ ml+ spraying of tobacco snuff decoction1% + need based application of methyl-o-demeton @ 0.025%) recordedminimum aphid incidence and was more effective, economical as well aseco-friendly to the environment.

3 Thesis title Studies on biology of Earias vitella Fabricius and integrated management

of pest complex of okra, Abelmoschus esculentus(L.) Moench.Name of student Patel P. S.Name of guide Dr. G. M. PatelYear 2004Conclusion Incubation period of Earias vitella egg was 3.33 days with 73.10% hatching.

The larva passes through four instars. The total larval period was 9.20 ±2.24 days. Pre-pupal period was 1.4 days. The average duration of pupadestined to be female and male was 7.50 and 8.05 days, respectively. The

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average pre-oviposition, oviposition and post-oviposition periods were1.45, 6.05 and 4.40 days, respectively. The average longevity for male andfemale were 9.98 and 11.38 days, respectively. The average fecundity was228 eggs per female.The activity of leafhopper, aphid and white#y was higher between 6 and11 WAS i.e., in the month of August and September, whereas shootinfestation by E. vittella started during 4 to 5 WAS and Helicoverpa armigeraduring 10 WAS.Grow okra variety having multiple pest resistance like Rakshak, MHOK-14, NOH-15 and Paras Softy.Okra seeds should be treated with imidacloprid 70 WS @ 10 g/kg seeds.The treatment combination of profenophos with imidacloprid, methyl-o-demeton, neem oil, nikunchhi, Uplenchwar formulation and endosulfanalone and combination of Btk with imidacloprid, methyl-o-demeton andneem oil proved effective against E. vittella.Adopt IPM module comprising of Intercropping okra with maize (6:1),removal of infested shoots along with Earias larvae, seeds treatment withimidacloprid 70 WS @ 10 g/ kg seeds, foliar application of neem oil @ 0.5%against sucking pests and pod borers, foliar spraying of Uplenchwarformulation @ 1% against sucking pests, foliar application of endosulfan @0.07% against pod borers for effective and economic pest management.

Practical utility Okra seeds should be treated with imidacloprid 70 WS @ 10 g/ kg seeds.Adopt IPM module comprising of intercropping okra with maize (6:1),removal of infested shoots along with Earias larvae, seeds treatment withimidacloprid 70 WS @ 10 g/ kg seeds, foliar application of neem oil @ 0.5%against sucking pests and pod borers, foliar spraying of Uplenchwarformulation @ 1% against sucking pests, foliar application of endosulfan @0.07% against pod borers for effective and economic pest management.

4 Thesis title Biodiversity of grasshoppers in different ecosystems of North Gujarat andbiology, morphometrics and management of important species.

Name of student Muralidharan, C. M.Name of guide Dr. G. M. PatelYear 2005Conclusion Fifty one grasshopper species belonging to three major families viz.,

Acrididae (36 species), Tettigonidae (12 species) and Pyrgomorphidae (3species) were active in study area of North Gujarat.Among different species active in various ecosystems, C. oxypterus wasmost dominant in agroecosystem, A, glaucopsis in forest ecosystem andOedaleus species in grassland ecosystem.Species richness was maximum in agro and forest ecosystem (21 specieseach) whereas, grassland represented only 17 species and the richness washighest during June-04, August-03 and December-03 in Agro, forest andgrassland ecosystems, respectively.Among different species identified H. nigrorepletus, A. thalassinus and C.oxypterus were economical species causing serious damage to cultivated

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crops.Under laboratory testing, sprinkling 100 kg soil impregnated with 0.5 lit.DDVP/ ha was most effective against H. nigrorepletus.The marginal farmers and farmers practicing organic farming may adoptspraying of neem seed kernel suspension (NSKS) 10% or neem leaf extract10% enriched with 20% cow urine.Wheat (Durum) seed treated with quinalphos 25 EC @ 4.5 ml + 50 mlwater/kg seed or chlorpyriphos 20 EC @ 2 ml + 50 ml water/kg seed wasmost effective against ‘khapedi’ (A. thalassinus).

Practical utility The marginal farmers and farmers practicing organic farming may adoptspraying of neem seed kernel suspension (NSKS) 10% or neem leaf extract10% enriched with 20% cow urine.Wheat (Durum) seed treated with quinalphos 25 EC @ 4.5 ml + 50 mlwater/kg seed or chlorpyriphos 20 EC @ 2 ml + 50 ml water/kg seed wasmost effective against ‘khapedi’ (A. thalassinus).

5 Thesis title Studies on biology and integrated management on American serpentineleaf miner (Liriomyza trifolii Burgess) infesting castor crop in North Gujarat.

Name of student Rana, C. I.Name of guide Dr. I. S. PatelYear 2005Conclusion The average incubation period of Liriomyza trifolli was 2.40 ± 0.02 days. The

average total larval period was 3.42 ± 1.12 days. The pre -pupal periodranged from 1 to 3 days hours. The average longevity of male and female#y was 4.40 ± 0.80 and 6.00 ± 1.70 days, respectively. The average pre-oviposition, oviposition and post-oviposition period were 1.46 ± 0.20, 4.32 ±1.10 and 1.52 ± 0.36 days, respectively. The average fecundity was 370 eggsper female.The pest incidence commenced with germination of crop on cotyledonaryleaves. Castor, cowpea, cucumber, bottle gourd, ridge gourd and tomatowere found heavily infested by this pest. Out of ten different host planttested, castor and tomato were the most preferred hosts.Maximum adults of L. trifolli were trapped in yellow sticky trap.Toxicity study on pupa of L. trifolli revealed that acephate 40 EC +cypermethrin 5 EC had maximum pupal mortality (84.91%) and was at parwith methyl-o-demeton 0.04% (78.38%). While, the botanical products viz.,neem oil 5%, naffatiyo leaf decoction 5% and custard apple leaf decoction5% had less than 50% mortality hence considered least toxic on pupa of L.trifolli.Maximum number of leafminer adults were attracted and killed in ethion40 + cypermethrin 4 EC + fermented jaggary 25% as food lure alone andinsecticides in form of poison bait.Ethion 40 + cypermethrin 4 EC, methyl-o-demeton 0.04% and acephate 40+ cypermethrin 5 EC performed better to protect castor crop from damageby this pest.

Practical utility Castor and tomato can be used as trap crop as they were the most

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preferred host. Installing yellow sticky trap is effective to trap adults of L.trifolli.Maximum number of leafminer adults were attracted and killed in ethion40 + cypermethrin 4 EC + fermented jaggary 25% as food lure alone andinsecticides in form of poison bait.Ethion 40 + cypermethrin 4 EC, methyl-o-demeton 0.04% and acephate 40+ cypermethrin 5 EC performed better to protect castor crop from damageby this pest.

6 Thesis title Bionomics of spotted pod bore r (Maruca vitrata Fabricius), pest successionand management of pest complex of cowpea

Name of student Shukla, N. P.

Name of guide Dr. G. M. Patel

Year 2005

Conclusion The egg period was 2.98 days, while hatching percentage of egg was81.53%. The total larval duration of M. vitrata on cowpea pods was 14.10 ±0.21 days. The duration of pre-pupa was 1.76 days, whereas average pupalperiod was 7.53 days. The average pre-oviposition, oviposition and post-oviposition period were 1.55, 3.30 and 3.10 days, respectively. The total lifecycle of spotted borer lasted for 26.77 days in case of male and 30.42 daysin case of female.Population dynamics of important pests of cowpea incidence of aphidcommenced from 4 WAS and reached peak at 6 WAS during 2nd fortnightof August. Leafhoppers and leafminer appeared 2 WAS. Incidence ofthrips maximum activity between 7 and 9 WAS. Attack of Maruca 5 to 6WAS and peak population within 2 to 3 weeks after its 1st appearance andtill harvest of crop. Grow cowpea genotypes i.e., GC-9714, GC-5 which ishigh yielding and resistant to leafhopper. Intercrop pearlmillet or sorghumor maize with cowpea (1:2) to reduce pest population, increase populationof predatory coccinellid beetles and to get higher profit. Spraymonocrotophos 36 WSC @ 11 ml or methyl-o-demeton 25 EC @ 10 ml/10lit. water against insect pests of cowpea. Spray Uplenchwar formulation @100 ml/ 10 lit. water or neem oil @ 0.5 + soap solution @ 0.1% werepromising botanical preparations against pest complex of cowpea.

Practical utility Intercrop pearlmillet or sorghum or maize with cowpea (1:2) to reduce pestpopulation, increase population of predatory coccinellid beetles and to gethigher profit. Spray monocrotophos 36 WSC @ 11 ml or methyl-o-demeton25 EC @ 10 ml/10 lit. water against insect pests of cowpea. SprayUplenchwar formulation @ 100 ml/ 10 lit. water or neem oil @ 0.5 + soapsolution @ 0.1% were promising botanical preparations against pestcomplex of cowpea.

7 Thesis title Biology of melon "y,Bactocera cucurbitae Coquillet t and its managementin pumpkin

Name of student Chaudhary, F. K.Name of guide Dr. G. M. Patel

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Year 2006Conclusion The incubation period was 1.94 and 2.20 days and 85.48 and 87.61% eggs

hatched when adults were reared on pumpkin and little gourd,respectively. The total larval, pre-pupal and pupal period was 5.00 and6.08, 0.56 and 0.78, 7.16 and 9.52 days when reared on pumpkin and littlegourd, respectively.The average pre-oviposition, oviposition and post oviposition period were15.40, 26.20 and 1.00 days, respectively when female reared on pumpkinand 15.90, 50.40 and 1.20 days when female reared on little gourd. Theaverage fecundity was 158 and 198 eggs per female, when reared onpumpkin and little gourd, respectively. The average longevity of male andfemale was 39.50 and 43.00 days and 44.20 and 67.50 days, whereas totalperiod was 54.15 and 57.65 and 62.90 and 86.20 days when reared onpumpkin and little gourd, respectively.Traps catches revealed that population of B. cucurbitae peak population ofmale #y during July-September and February-March.Out of 39 ridge gourd germplasms tested SKNRG-10, SKNRG-13 andSKNRG-24 and from 20 sponge gourd germplasms, SKNSG-11 andSKNSG-17 proved resistant to fruit #y.Spray dichlorovos 76 EC @ 4 ml per 10 lit. water or deltamethrin 2.8 EC @3.6 ml per 10 lit. alone or food- lure (gur 0.5%+sugarcane vinegar 0.5%)twice at fortnight interval commencing from #owering stage, install Patelfruit #y traps (20/ha) having a Nuwood block (5 × 5 × 0.8 cm) chargedwith mixture of cue-lure + Methyl eugenol (0.15 + 0.15 ml) or install MATtrap with plywood block (5 × 5 × 1.20 cm) impregnated in ether : Cue-lure :DDVP (6:4:1) @ 20 traps/ha and weekly spot application (50 spots/ha)with a mixture of 300 ml protein hydrolysate + 4 ml DDVP per 10 lit. water@ 150 ml mixture per spot on under surface of pumpkin leavescommencing from #owering stage for effective management of B.cucurbitae.

Practical utility Spray dichlorovos 76 EC @ 4 ml per 10 lit. water or deltamethrin 2.8 EC @3.6 ml per 10 lit. alone or food- lure (gur 0.5%+sugarcane vinegar 0.5%)twice at fortnight interval commencing from #owering stage, install Patelfruit #y traps (20/ha) having a Nuwood block (5 × 5 × 0.8 cm) ch argedwith mixture of cue-lure + Methyl eugenol (0.15 + 0.15 ml) or install MATtrap with plywood block (5 × 5 × 1.20 cm) impregnated in ether : Cue-lure :DDVP (6:4:1) @ 20 traps/ha and weekly spot application (50 spots/ha)with a mixture of 300 ml protein hydrolysate + 4 ml DDVP per 10 lit. water@ 150 ml mixture per spot on under surface of pumpkin leavescommencing from #owering stage for effective management of B.cucurbitae.

8 Thesis title Studies on biology of Eri silkworm and evaluation of some ericulture

technologies under North Gujarat agroclimatic conditionsName of student Patel, B. S.Name of guide Dr. G. M. Patel

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Year 2006Conclusion The mean incubation, larval, pre-pupal and pupal period lasted for 12.79 ±

0.51, 22.88 ± 0.43, 1.08 ± 0.33 and 26.09 ± 7.35 days, respectively. About90.68 ± 7.93% eggs hatched. The mean pre-oviposition, oviposition andpost oviposition period was 1.16 ± 0.37, 1.68 ± 0.62 and 1.16 ± 0.37 days,respectively.Among six host plants offered, castor was most preferred food plant by S.ricini and descending order of food preference was castor > papaya > tapioca> Jatropa > arduso and > champo.On the basis of economic characters studied, cv. GCH-6 proved moresuitable for ericulture. Only indoor ericlture is possible and net house andopen field rearing were not suitable for North Gujarat agro-climaticconditions.Samia cynthia ricini can be successfully reared under North Gujarat agro-

climatic conditions during August to April on castor under indoor rearingand some additional income can be generated using leaves of castorcultivars with higher leaf biomass engaging the family members inericulture during their spare time.

Practical utility Among six host plants offered, castor was most preferred food plant by S.ricini. On the basis of economic characters studied, cv. GCH-6 proved moresuitable for ericulture.Samia cynthia ricini can be successfully reared under North Gujarat agro-climatic conditions during August to April on castor under indoor rearingand some additional income can be generated using leaves of castorcultivars with higher leaf biomass engaging the family members inericulture during their spare time.

9 Thesis title Biology of Pod "y, Melangromyza obtusa Malloch (Diptera: Agromyzidae)and integrated management of pests complex of pigeonpea

Name of student Prajapati, B. G.Name of guide Dr. G. M. PatelYear 2006Conclusion The incubation period of egg of M. obtusa was 2.70 days and 75.56% eggs

hatched. The larval and pupal periods were 6.56 ± 0.94 and 7.50 ± 0.51days, respectively. The average pre-oviposition, oviposition and postoviposition period were 1.53, 4.16 and 0.86 days, respectively when thefemale laid 17.40 eggs. On an average male and female #y lived for 5.10and 6.50 days, respectively. The total life cycle male and female #y was22.10 and 23.80 days, respectively.Population dynamics of important pests of pigeonpea indicated thatincidence of termite and aphid activity was higher between 6 and 8 i.e., inmonth of August. The leafhopper population commenced from 11 WAS#uctuated throughout crop season. Thrips population reached peak levelin 2nd or 3rd week of November. The incidence of pod bug observed atreproductive stage. The incidence of pod borers viz., Helicoverpa armigeraHardwick, Melangromyza obtusa Malloch and Exelastis atomosa Wslm.

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commenced 14, 15 and 16 WAS, respectively.Among 14 early maturing genotypes, GT-101, SKNP-2008, AT-26, UPAS-120, SKNP-2009 and SKNP-9711 were found resistant against gram podborer and pod #y. Out of 13 mid-late maturing genotypes, 3 genotypes viz.,ICPL-87119, BSMR-853 and GAUT 97-33 were found resistant against grampod borer and pod #y.Adopt biorational module for effective and economical management ofpest complex of pigeonpea like as, border planting of maize, installation ofbird perches @ 50 per ha, Use of pheromone trap @10 per ha, hanging ofmarigold #owers on bird perches, spray NSKE 5%, spray HaNPV @ 500 LEper ha.Spraying of NSKE (5%) and subsequent spray of profenophos 40 +cypermethrin 4 EC (0.044%) or chlorpyriphos 50 + cypermethrin 5 EC(0.055%) or indoxacarb (50 g a.i./ha) or thiodicarb (0.04%) may be done toprotect pigeonpea against pod borer complex.Foliar application of profenophos 40 + cypermethrin 4 EC (0.044%) or

chlorpyriphos 50 + cypermethrin 5 EC (0.055%) or indoxacarb (50 g a.i./ha)or thiodicarb (0.04%) for effective and economical management ofpigeonpea pod borer complex.

Practical utility Adopt biorational module for effective and economical management ofpest complex of pigeonpea like as, border planting of maize, installation ofbird perches @ 50 per ha, use of pheromone trap @10 per ha, hanging ofmarigold #owers on bird perches, spray NSKE 5%, spray HaNPV @ 500 LEper ha.Spraying of NSKE (5%) and subsequent spray of profenophos40 +cypermethrin 4 EC (0.044%) or chlorpyriphos 50 + cypermethrin 5 EC(0.055%) or indoxacarb (50 g a.i./ha) or thiodicarb (0.04%) may be done toprotect pigeonpea against pod borer complex.Foliar application of profenophos 40 + cypermethrin 4 EC (0.044%) orchlorpyriphos 50 + cypermethrin 5 EC (0.055%) or indoxacarb (50 g a.i./ha)or thiodicarb (0.04%) effective and economical management of pigeonpeapod borer complex.

10 Thesis title Study on bio-ecology and ecosafe management of stem borer, Chilo partellusSwinhoe infesting maize, Zea mays Linneus

Name of student Patel, J. R.Name of guide Dr. I. S. PatelYear 2011Conclusion Among the surveyed hosts, the larva of C. partellus was noticed on

sorghum and bajra.The incubation period was 3.45 ± 0.45 days with hatching per cent of 59.47± 11.29. The total larval period was 21.40 ± 3.74 days.The duration of pre-pupa was 1.80 ± 0.84 days.The duration of male and female pupa was 4.10± 0.92 and 4.20 ± 1.42 days, respectively. The longevity of male and femaleadult was 3.06 ± 0.60 and 3.40 ± 0.60 days, respectively. The pre-oviposition, oviposition and post-oviposition periods noted as 1.60 ± 0.55,

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1.60 ± 0.55 and 1.30 ± 0.45 days, respectively.The fecundity of the femalewas 36 to 48 eggs in each cluster with an average of 44.32 ± 6.58 eggs. Thetotal life span for male and female was 34.60 ± 2.01 and 36.04 ± 2.46 days,respectively.Among the 20 varieties/genotypes, screened against C. partellus, PA 4212,Mukta, Suraj 740, PEMH 2 and GM 2 were found tolerant to C. partellus.Among different intercrops, lowest damage and stem tunneling per centwas found in maize when intercropped with pigeon pea, cotton and blackgram and increased maize equivalent yield.Seed treated with thiomethoxam + spray application of thiodicarbregistered significantly lowest damage percentage and stem tunneling.Among the seed treatment with whorl and spray application of differentinsecticides, maximum (40.59 %) grain yield was increased in the plotstreated with seed treated with thiomethoxam + spray application ofthiodicarb.Among different IPM modules tested, M3 module (seed treated withthiomethoxam + two spray application of thiodicarb plot) registeredsignificantly lowest damage (15.27 %), which was statistically at par with

the IPM module M2 (seed treated with thiomethoxam + release of T.chilonis 25 DAG + spray application of thiodicarb 45 DAG) (19.26 %).

Practical utility Among the 20 varieties/genotypes screened against C. partellus, PA 4212,Mukta, Suraj 740, PEMH 2 and GM 2 were found tolerant to C. partellus.Seed treated with thiomethoxam + spray application of thiodicarbregistered significantly lowest damage percentage and stem tunneling.Among the seed treatment with whorl and spray application of differentinsecticides, maximum (40.59 %) grain yield was increased in the plotstreated with seed treated with thiomethoxam + spray application ofthiodicarb.Among different IPM modules tested, M3 module (seed treated withthiomethoxam + two spray application of thiodicarb plot) registeredsignificantly lowest damage (15.27 %), which was statistically at par withthe IPM module M2 (seed treated with thiomethoxam + release of T.chilonis 25 DAG + spray application of thiodicarb 45 DAG) (19.26 %).

11 Thesis title Seasonal abundance and integrated management of leaf webber, Antigastracatalaunalis (Duponchel) in sesamum crop

Name of student Varma Haresh S.Name of guide Dr. I. S. PatelYear 2012Conclusion Growing of variety RT-193 during 22nd January to 22nd February,

intercropping with mungbean, clusterbean and pearlmillet, spraying ofemamectin benzoate 0.001 per cent at the pest appearance exhibitedminimum #ower & capsule infestation resulting into higher sesamumyield.

Practical utility Growing of sesamum variety RT-193 in last week of January to last week ofFebruary minimizes the infestation of leaf webber. Spraying of emamectin

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benzoate 0.001 per cent at the pest appearance is also effective inmanagement of the pest.

12 Thesis title Bio-ecology and management of leaf webber and capsule borer, Antigastracatalaunalis (Duponchel) on sesamum (Sesamum indicum Linnaeus)

Name of student Wazire Nilesh S.Name of guide Dr. J. I. PatelYear 2014Conclusion Economic injury level of sesamum leaf webber and capsule borer showed

that 0.26 and 0.23 larvae per quadrate (1m x 1m) was found enough forcausing economic loss at 40 days after germination ( i.e., at pod initiationstage) in Gujarat Til 2 variety of sesamum.Spraying of spinosad 0.001 per cent and profenofos 0.05 per cent wereeffective against the Antigastra catalaunalis

Practical utility Spraying of spinosad 0.001 per cent and profenofos 0.05 per cent areeffective against sesamum leaf webber and capsule borer.

13 Thesis title Comparative biology, population dynamics and management of fruitborer, Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) Hardwick in tomato under NorthGujarat condition

Name of student Rabari Ghanshyam N.Name of guide Dr. B. R. Patel

Year 2015Conclusion Spraying of profenophos +cypermethrin @ 0.044%, rynaxypyr @ 0.006%

and spinosad @ 0.025% were effective against eggs of H. armigera. Theseinsecticides were also effective showing higher larval mortality both by leafdip and topical application methods.

Practical utility Spraying of profenophos + cypermethrin @ 0.044%, rynaxypyr @ 0.006%and spinosad @ 0.025% were effective against eggs of H. armigera.

Theme: Host plant Resistance14 Thesis title Antibiosis, biochemical and molecular basis of mechanisms for resistance

to Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) in selected Indo-African and wild genetic

resources of pigeonpeaName of student ShindeYuvraj A.Name of guide Dr. B. R. PatelYear 2015Conclusion In Indo-African genotypes having determinate plant type with white

coloured #owers, purple coloured pods having semi-spreading typebranching pattern were least preferred for oviposition by female of H.armigera.The wild genotypes of pigeonpea; C. scarabaeoides accession no. KLM-736,EC-122342 with higher amount of total protein, total soluble sugar, totalphenol, trypsin inhibitor, reducing sugar and lower amount of phytic acidsuffered low pod damage by H. armigera and proved relatively resistant.

Practical utility Indo-African genotypes of pigeonpea are less preferred by H. armigera.Hence, resistant variety can be developed using the traits from wildgenotypes through breeding.

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Department of Plant PathologyTheme: Resistance breedingS.

No.

1. Thesis title Studies on wilt of castor caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. riciniNanda and Prasad

Name of student PushpendraName of guide Dr. S. R. S. DangeYear 2005Conclusion Castor wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ricini is a serious problem

in Gujarat state and cause heavy losses. 17 isolates were collected fromdifferent locations of Gujarat on the basis of cultural morphology.Inoculum density (at 10 per cent or above) prepared on sand maize mealculture was found to induce 96.67% wilt incidence in susceptible genotypeVP-1. Maximum wilt incidence was recorded in moisture level of 35% after30 days of sowing in sandy soil. Seeds of wilt affected plant were smallerwith wrinkled surface and dull colour.In dual culture, Trichoderma viride and bacterial antagonist Bacillus subtilisshowed maximum growth inhibition. Among systemic and combinationsof systemic and non-systemic fungicides, carbendazim, cosko

(carbendazim + mancozeb), metalaxyl MZ and propiconazole and non-systemic fungicide thiram completely inhibited fungal growth in-vitro.

Practical utility Development of standard screening technique becomes very useful for theidentification of resistant cultivar of castor against wilt pathogen.

Theme: Plant disease management2 Thesis title Investigation on common scab of potato caused by Streptomyces scabies

(ex.Thaxter 1892) Lambert & Loria 1889aName of student S. M. ChaudhariName of guide Dr. R. L. PatelYear 2005Conclusion Common Scab of potato caused by Streptomyces scabies is serious problem

in North Gujarat. It causes havoc economic loss in potato production, onespecially chips making varieties. In survey, it was observed that thisproblem is increasing mainly due to the cultivation of infected tubers.Of 95 varieties of potato, none was found resistant. Hence, use of diseasefree health tubers is the only way. Through experimentation, it was foundthat chemical treatment of tubers with emisan -6 (0.25%), boric acid (3%)+MnSO4 (0.05%) and boric acid (3%) alone for 30 minutes was veryeffective in management of the disease and improving its quality.

Practical utility Tuber treatment with boric acid (3%) alone can manage the disease andalso responsible for increasing yield as compared to untreated tubers.

3 Thesis title Studies on stem end rot of mango fruits caused byBotryodiplodia theobromaeName of student K. K. PatelName of guide Dr. I. P. Sharma

50

Year 2006Conclusion There was increasing trend in stem-end rot development in mango fruits

with increase in temperature as well as relative humidity. 30oCtemperature and 100 per cent relative humidity were found optimum forstem-end rot development. Stem-end rot incidence was observed more inthe fruits of old aged trees as compared to young aged and middle agedtrees. The dead twigs and bark could serve as sources of inoculum of B.theobromae. Kesar, Gola, Langra, Badami and Sundari cultivars were foundhighly susceptible against stem-end rot infection. None of the cultivars wasfound resistant. Single field spray of carbendazim (0.02 %) or tridemorph(0.02 %) or thiophanate methyl (0.02 %) or propinoconazole (0.02 %)fifteen days prior to harvest reduced the incidence of stem-end rot evenwhen pedicel removed and field exposed fruits kept for ripening.

Practical utility Large scale screening of varieties of mango against Botryodiplodiatheobromae will help in early detection and diagnosis of variety.

4 Thesis title Studies on wilt of pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan L. Millsp.) caused by Fusariumudum Butler

Name of student S. I. PatelName of guide Dr. R. L. PatelYear 2010Conclusion Existence of cultural and morphological among Fusarium udum isolates

collected from different locations of Gujarat state was corroborated withtheir pathogenic variability. Of them six isolates were highly pathogenic,

ten were moderately pathogenic and five isolates were less pathogenic. Thefast growing isolates with #uffy mycelium and abundant sporulationwas found highly virulent. This can be useful biomarker for the identificationof virulent isolates.A standard technique for the large scale screening of breeding materialswas developed. For the artificial epiphytotic condition, root dip inoculationof 7 days old seedlings with the spore suspension of 106 to 107 inoculumconc. for 20 to 30 min time are found optimum. The inoculum density of 15to 20 per cent is optimum for large scale screening of pigeonpeagermplasm. The clay textured soils favours the wilt development. Afterscreening, nine maintainer lines, seven restorer lines were found to bepromising. Three wild species viz., Rhyncosia bracteota, Cajanus platycarpusand Rhyncosia rufescence had wilt incidence of less than 10 %, and can beused as the resistance source for breeding.Management of disease using native isolates of Trichoderma spp. waseffective against all the F. udum isolates. Soil application of bioagent isbetter than seed treatment. Application of bio-agents with five differentcarriers like sesamum cake, neem cake and mustard cake was moreeffective and among organic manures, gober gas slurry was effectiveagainst F.udum.

Practical utility For Scientific CommunityStandardized techniques for large scale screening of germplasm and

51

breeding materials against F. udum will help in early detection of resistancein the line. Identification of promising maintainer lines, restorer lines andwild species could be utilized in crossing programme to develop wiltresistant varietyFor farming communitySoil application of promising strain of Trichoderma after massmultiplication with seasamum/neem cake as carrier on larger scale wouldhelp in reducing the wilt incidence in pigeonpea and thereby enhancementof present productivity level.

5 Thesis title Studies on anthracnose disease of chilli (Capsicum annum L.) caused by

Colletotrichum capsici (Sydow) Butler and Bisby and its managementName of student Chauhan Y. B.Name of guide Dr. R. L. PatelYear 2010Conclusion Chilli (Capsicum annum L.) is an important spice cum vegetable crop.

Anthracnose/die-back or ripe fruit rot of chilli caused by Colletotrichumcapsici (Sydow) is one of the most destructive diseases of chilli which causesevere losses both in quality and quantity of the produce. A survey on theoccurrence of anthracnose/die-back or fruit rot disease of chilli at differentchilli growing districts of North Gujarat State revealed that maximumdisease intensity being recorded in Banaskantha district (64.41 %) followedby Sabarkantha (63.12 %) in variety Jwala and GVC-101, respectively. Theanthracnose/die-back or fruit rot disease of chilli was effectively checkedby three sprayings of 0.05 % carbendazim and recorded higher yieldfollowed by 0.2 % mancozeb and 0.2 % carbendazim + mancozeb (SAAF)

in both the year 2006-07 and 2007-08 as well as in pooled data of two years.Practical utility Anthracnose of chilli could be effectively managed by spraying of

carbendazim (0.05%) or mancozeb (0.2%). This study will be helpful forthe management of anthracnose of Chilli.

6 Thesis title Study on powdery mildew of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) caused byErysiphe polygoni D.C. and its management

Name of student Patel N. R.Name of guide Dr. K. D. PatelYear 2011Conclusion Cumin (Cumin cyminum L.) is an important seed spice crop in India.

Powdery mildew is a major disease of cumin caused by Erysiphe polygoniDC. The pathogen is air borne and caused losses up to 50 percent at#owering stage in addition to considerable loss in quality of cumin seeds.During survey of North Gujarat, maximum per cent disease intensity wasrecorded in Patan district (48.86%). Among different dates of sowing, thetimely sown crop 10i.e., th November proved to be the most effective inreducing the disease (28.11%). The crop sown by line sowing (North-South)showed its superiority over broadcasting method with respect toincreasing overall yield (363.3 kg/ha) and reducing percent diseaseintensity (49.49%). Among cultural practices, the timely sown crop and line

52

sown proved to be the most effective in reducing the disease intensity aswell as increasing yield.

Practical utility Integrated approach can be used for efficient disease management incumin as it is very important spice crop of North Gujarat.

Plant disease epidemiology7 Practical utility Studies on leaf rust of wheat caused by Puccinia recondita Rob. Ex. Desm.

f.sp.triticiName of student R. F. ChaudharyName of guide Dr. J. G. PatelYear 2006Conclusion Leaf rust of wheat caused by Puccinia recondita is widespread as well as

serious threat to wheat production.In lab studies it was observed that for uredospores germination optimumrange of temperature required 150C- 250C. Eight cultivars evaluated forslow rusting, among them shortest mean latent period (9.0 days) wasexhibited by Lal Bahadur and longest mean latent period (14.83 days) wasexhibited by GW337.The cultivars GW322, GW1226, GW1213 exhibited high degree of resistantreaction at adult plant stage.

Practical utility The inheritance of resistance can be utilised for improve breedingprogramme. Different crosses would be handled in different specific wayfor development of leaf rust resistant genotypes of wheat.

Theme: Post-harvest disease management8 Thesis title Alternaria citri Ellis and Pierce a major post harvest fruit rot disease of

citrus species (Orange/Lime) and its managementName of student Sandipan PrasantName of guide Dr. J. G. Patel

Year 2006Conclusion Alternaria black rot of citrus fruits incited by Alternaria citri is a major

post harvest problem found in all citrus growing regions.Survey of Alternaria rot revealed that Ahmedabad district in comparisonto Banaskantha.Integrated treatment with neem oil (10%) + 1000 µg captan was effective inorange fruits, while benomyl 500ppm + 250 ppm 2, 4-D was effective inlime fruits in reducing fruit rot development.Carbendazim + mustard oil also effective in reduction of disease andextending shelf life.

Practical utility Integrated disease management approach could be utilised in future for themanagement of post harvest diseases in citrus and increasing the shelf lifeof lime fruits.

Theme: Biological control9 Thesis title Biological control of wilt of cumin caused by Fusarium oxysporum(Schlecht)

Snyder and Hans f.sp.cuminiName of student Sandeep Raheja

53

Name of guide Dr. R. L. PatelYear 2006Conclusion Survey revealed that wilt indicence in North Gujarat ranging from 2-35 per

cent. Highest wilt incidence was fund in Jagudan villages (30-35%). Nativeisolates of Trichoderma were found effective in wilt suppression than nonresident isolates.Seed + soil application with Trichoderna harzianum as weel as combinedapplication T. harzianum + P. Fluorescence was found promising in wiltsuppression.Among all the integrated treatment, mustard cake + T. harzianum (soiltreatment) + bavistin (seed treatment) was found most effective inincreasing yield and reduction of wilt incidence.

Practical utility IDM approach could be utilised for management of wilt of cumin.

Theme: Mycotoxin10 Thesis title Studies on Aspergillus !avus Link Ex. Fries in groun dnut with special

reference to a"atoxin contaminationName of student Nakrani B. R.Name of guide D. B. PatelYear 2011Conclusion Besides being a major oilseed crop, groundnut is an important food legume

also. Due to its high contents of protein, oil and carbohydrate this crop ispreferred. Aspergillus !avus is the most serious pathogen of groundnutcausing mouldy and rotten seeds. This disease attacks at pre- and post-harvest/storage of crops. Of twenty varieties tested, none of the varietywas found immune as well as resistant against A. !avus. About 100groundnut pod and soil samples were collected from different locations ofthe Kachchh and Banaskantha districts of North Gujarat. The average soilpopulation of A. !avus and seed infection was found higher in Kachchhdistrict than the Banaskantha district. Groundnut cultivated aftergroundnut recorded maximum a#atoxin content, whereas it was minimum

when pulses where grown as previous crops. More a#atoxin (15.38 ppb)was recorded in irrigated crops as compared to the rainfed crops (13.46ppb). A. !avus is the predominant species responsible for a#atoxincontamination of crops in the fields or during storage.

Practical utility This study will be helpful for the management of Aspergillus infection andmycotoxin contamination in groundnut. It will be also helpful in ensuringhuman as well as animal health in North Gujarat. It indicates that mono-cropping should be avoided by the farmers to reduce Aspergillus infection.

Theme: Pathogen variability11 Thesis title Physiological specialization and variability of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.

ricini Nanda and Prasad causing castor wiltName of student Mulekar V.G.Name of guide Dr. A. G. DesaiYear 2015

54

Conclusion Castor (Ricinus communis L.) is an important non-edible oil yielding crop inGujarat and it is leading state of the country having maximum area,production and productivity. Wilt of castor caused by Fusarium oxysporumf. sp. ricini (Nanda and Prasad) is the most important disease responsiblefor heavy losses in Gujarat state. For keeping all these things in view,pathogenicity of the 24 isolates was confirmed by soil inoculationtechnique and confirmed against susceptible castor genotype JI-35 and allwere found pathogenic to varying level (35.0 – 95.0 % wilt). The inheritanceof resistance to wilt of castor in the cross, VP-1 x 48-1 is governed by bothnon-additive and additive type of genes. The cyclic method of breeding(recurrent selection) could be profitably utilized for the improvement ofwilt resistant castor genotypes.

Practical utility Disease resistance against wilt pathogen will be helpful for thedevelopment of new resistant and high yielding variety of castor.

Department of Agricultural EconomicsTheme: Production Economics

S.No.1. Thesis title An economic analysis of cotton production in Gujarat State

Name of student Patel Ishvarbhai ShankerbhaiName of guide Dr. V. M. PatelYear 2004Conclusion The area under cotton in Gujarat state decreased from 1802.6

thousand to 1634.8 thousand hectares, its production increased from 1476.4thousand to 1684.5 thousand bales and productivity increased from 139 to175 kg/ha during the period under study i.e., 1961-62 to 2002-2003. Thecompound growth rates were recorded to be -0.82, 0.50 and 1.33 per centper annum during this period for the state as a whole for area, productionand productivity, respectively. Since, Ahmedabad, Bhavnagar, Rajkot andSurendranagar districts were the major contributors in both area and

production of cotton in the state, growth rates were also measured forthese districts separately. The magnitudes of instability overtime for all thethree variables were 16.15 in area, 30.11 in production and 27.30 inproductivity for the state as a whole. Among various factors, price,production of cotton and area, yield of groundnut variables showedpositive effect on cotton acreage of Gujarat State.

The net income over total cost realized by large, medium and smallfarmers were 6147, 4914 and 3655 rupees per hectare, respectively. Overall,cotton growers received Rs.1.34 by investing Rs.1.00 in the cottonproduction.

In channel-I, the producer's net receipt was Rs.2173.40 per quintalwhich was equivalent to 88.89 per cent of miller's price. The total

55

marketing costs incurred by the producer was Rs.56.60 i.e., 2.31 per cent ofmiller's price. The co-operative society enjoyed the margin of Rs.24.65 perquintal (1.01 %) of the miller's price and his total marketing costs were Rs.190.35 per quintal (7.79 %) of produce.

In channel-II, producer's net receipt was Rs.2100.00 per quintal whichwas Rs.73.40 less than first channel. In terms of percentage, he got 85.89 percent of miller's price. The maximum margin enjoyed by the villagemerchant and his margin was Rs.47.50 i.e., 1.94 per cent of miller's price.The co-operative society margin was Rs.44.65 per quintal which wasequivalent to 1.83 per cent to miller price.

The producer's share in miller's price at Ahmedabad district in themarketing of cotton was found to be 88.89 per cent in channel-I and 85.89per cent in channel-II, respectively. The producer's low share was mainlydue to higher marketing and transport charges and higher middlemen'scharges. For increasing the producer's profit margin, there is need toincrease the efficiency of the marketing system by enforcing regulationsand by strengthening of the eo-operative .acting society, so that it caneffectively compete with traders.

The major constraints reported by the most of the respondents werelack of soil treatment, lack of good quality of seeds, high price of fertilizerand pesticides, lack of soil testing facility, lack of technical knowledge, lowprice of farm produce and non-availability of desired credit, Loss ofetc.,economic freedom among the farmers-traders have more hold in theadoption of production technologies and more in#uence on this marketingbehaviour thus on farmers' profit also.

High quality seed of new varieties, credit and other inputs viz.,fertilizers, chemicals should be made available to farmers throughetc.,societies. Integrated nutrient management and integrated pestmanagement techniques should be adopted on the fanners' field for higherquality production of cotton. Produce may be retained for some periodwhen arrivals in market were maximum. Thus, it will help producers tofetch better prices.

Practical utility The study was helpful to find out the response of farmers to various factorsthat in#uence acreage, yield and production of cotton in the major cottongrowing districts of Gujarat state. Till this study, no serious studies were

undertaken to find out the problems associated with the production andmarketing of the cotton despite its prominent position in the croppingpattern of farmers of Gujarat.

Theme: Impact Assessment2 Thesis title An economic impact of watershed development programme in

Banaskantha district of Gujarat StateName of student Samir D. BhankhariyaName of guide Dr. V. M. PatelYear 2004

56

Conclusion The major findings of the study revealed that there existed difference incropping pattern and gross cropped area between two groups offarmers. The average total cost per quintal of bajara production was Rs.581.43/- and Rs. 607.96/- in case of beneficiary and non-beneficiarygroups, respectively. A reduction in unit cost of production was noticed inbajara crops under study in case of beneficiary group. Positive impact ofwater harvesting structure in yield and net income from all the cropswas observed. The beneficiaries realized about 15.75 per cent higheryield and 21.89 per cent more farm business income from bajara crop ascompared to non-beneficiaries. On other hand, an increase in yieldand net income from castor, cumin and mustard in case of beneficiarieswas 9.18, 17.56, 17.28 and 20.04, 18.90, 21.43 per cent respectively. Size ofholding, cost of chemical fertilizer and irrigation had positive impact onbajara production by beneficiaries where as size of holding, hired humanlabour, irrigations and miscellaneous cost in#uence significantly for castorgrowers. While in case of cumin crop, the size of holding, cost on plantprotection measure and irrigation had positive impact on yield and grossincome from cumin in case of beneficiary farmer.More even distribution of income was found in case of beneficiary groupas compared to non-beneficiary group. Relatively higher income wasfound from all sources in case of beneficiaries to that in case of non-beneficiaries. This revealed support that executions of watersheddevelopment programme enable the households to realize higher level ofincome. Moreover, the lorenz curve for the beneficiaries lie above that ofthe non-beneficiaries indicating more even distribution of income in case ofthe beneficiary groups.Analysis of the disposable income and consumption expenditure,considerable difference was found between them. The difference wasfound to be maximum in case of beneficiary as compared to non-beneficiary groups of farmers. The constraints like technical know-how,input supply system, lack of improve implement and low market price ofagriculture P-duct as stated by the farmers, were the key factors whichmust be looked into by the PIA for successful implementation of watersheddevelopment programme in the area.

Practical utility The study provided knowledge to assess the extent of economic analysis ofwatershed management technology and techno – economic changes whichoccurred as a result of watershed management programme. The work doneregarding the impact of watershed development programmes on theeconomy of households was scanty, sporadic and sketchy till this study.While this study focussed on the above mentioned aspects very deeply.

3 Thesis title An assessment of food consumption pattern and nutritional status in ruraland urban areas of Banaskantha district of Gujarat State

Name of student D. A. PatelName of guide Dr. V. M. PatelYear 2005

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Conclusion The average per capita monthly expenditure on food items was higher inrural area (53.45 per cent) as compared to urban area (49.84), whereas,expenditure on non food items was relatively more in urban area.However, per capita monthly expenditure on fruits, rice, vegetables, edibleoils and non food items was higher in urban areas as compared to ruralareas. This might be due to preference of the consumers and varieties offood items.The better fitted Engel equations were used to calculate the expenditureelasticity, because different consumer behave in an identical manner withregard to consumption of any single item or consumer respond in the sameway to different items. Therefore, different forms of Engel equations wereused to analyse the data. Hence, semi-log' (SL) forms of equation wasselected as an Engel function for cereals, pulses, total food commodity andvegetables; double log (DL) forms of Engel equation for edible oils, spicescommodity and total non food items and linear (L) forms of Engel equationwas best fitted for fruits and meat and eggs.The expenditure elasticity for wheat, rice and pulses commodities wasobserved and found inelastic, while coarse cereals showed negativeelasticity and liquid milk, ghee, miscellaneous milk products and total milkand milk products were elastic commodities for rural areas. But in case offruits, expenditure elasticity was greater than one in rural as well as urbanareas; whereas vegetables, edible oils, sugar and jaggery, eggs and meatand spices were inelastic in rural as well as urban areas. The calorie andprotein intake was observed below the ICMR recommendation in lowexpenditure groups of the population belongs to rural as well as urbanareas. The nutrient elasticity of protein, carbohydrates, fibre, minerals, fatsand energy in low, medium and high expenditure groups were relativelylower in rural area as compared to urban area in majority of cases exceptcarbohydrate.The coefficient of urbanization (rural and urban household) was studiedand found significantly negative for cereals and milk and milk products.Whereas, it was positive and significant for edible oils and fruits. Thecoefficient of educational status explain that highly educated populationspent more on fruits and milk and milk products and less on cereals,pulses and edible oils.The Gini coefficient was calculated and found that inequality was greateramong urban households than rural households. The lowest magnitude ofinequality between rural and urban households was observed for cerealscommodities and higher for total food, fruits and vegetables, suggestingthat expenditure on different commodity was different inconsistentlyamong rural and urban households.Hence, it can be concluded that low expenditure groups utilized poor foodresources, possibly cheapest source of energy and protein, whereas,educated utilized fruits and milk and milk products and high expendituregroups utilized wide varieties of food items. On the basis of present study,

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it can be suggested that purchasing power of household should beincreased to buy needed quantity and quality foods. This is possible toincrease their income by new technology and supplementary source ofincome. The strengthening of dairy industry for sustainable developmentin the arid region might be prove a mile stone in this direction for whichproper infrastructure shall be develop and strengthen for food security ofthe population.

Practical utility The study provided information on the demographic variation,consumption pattern and nutritional status of households in Banaskanthadistrict of Gujarat state.

Theme: Agricultural Marketing4 Thesis title A comparative analysis of performance of regulated markets in tribal and

non - tribal area of North Gujarat

Name of student K. P. ThakarName of guide Dr. V. M. Patel

Year 2010Conclusion The study revealed that there were 17 committee members in Patan,

Unjha, Khedbrahma and Bhiloda markets and 16 in Deesa and Meghraj.The number of post sanctioned in Unjha market was more in comparisonto rest of the markets of tribal and non-tribal area. In tribal area markets,number of posts in various cadres was very less. Which showed thatorganizational and management effectiveness was assessed bycommodities arrivals, revenue collected, licenses issued, profit,participation by farmers and traders.

The storing capacities and banking facilities of tribal area marketswere insufficient as compared to non-tribal area market. Grading facilitieswere available in all the selected markets of non-tribal area but in tribalarea while, in tribal area, this facility was not available. Firefighting andambulance facilities were only available in Unjha market.

Unjha market has recorded heavy arrivals in cumin, fennel andisabgol commodities and Patan recorded heavy arrival in castor andmustard commodities in non-tribal area market. In case of tribal area,Khedbrahma market recorded heavy arrival of all selected commodities.The sales of the notified commodities in all the selected markets were doneby open auction system. More than 50 per cent of the income in allregulated markets was through market fee.

Instability in income sources was observed in Patan and Khedbrahmamarkets of non-tribal and tribal area. The growth rate for total expenditurewas observed higher than the rate of total income in most of the regulatedmarkets. The negative compound rates of increase in net income wereregistered in all the selected regulated markets of non-tribal and tribal areaindicating the economic weakness of the regulated markets under study.

The ranks given to the various physical parameters for selected marketsindicated that in non-tribal area Unjha market stood first followed by

59

Deesa and Patan markets. In case of tribal area, Khedbrahma market rankfirst followed by Bhiloda and Meghraj markets.

The market integration among different selected markets was foundperfect. Arrivals and wholesale prices of selected commodities in theselected markets followed normal seasonal behavior (negative relationshipbetween arrivals and prices) except in fennel and isabgol in non -tribalarea. While, in case of tribal area all the markets followed normal seasonalbehavior during the period under study.

Instability in prices worked out across the crops. Mustard experiencedcomparatively lower extent of instability in non-tribal area. While, in caseof tribal area tur recorded comparatively lower extent of instability.Among all the commodities studies, fennel recorded higher magnitude andinstability. Instability in arrival was higher in tribal area as compared tonon-tribal area.

The main constraints of the farmers of non-tribal area were; shortageof labour in marketing activities, lack of insurance during storage ofproduce and high transport cost, particularly in Patan and Deesa markets.While, in case of tribal area lack of grading facilities, lack of insuranceduring storage of produce and high transportation cost, inadequateinformation of market price, malpractices in weighing, problems of theftwere major problems felt by the farmers.

Some constraints were market specific like problem of direct sale bythe farmers, inadequate of water supply mention by traders of Patan ofnon-tribal area and Bhiloda and Meghraj markets of tribal area. Poorcondition of connecting roads was the main problem in Patan market,which can be causes of high transportation cost. A problem of security wasobserved in Bhiloda market.

The important suggestions endorsed by the traders of non-tribal areamarket suggested for strict implementation of rules by market committee,daily cleaning of yards, creation of grading and storage facilities andmaintenance of internal roads. Some specific suggestions made by tradersfrom tribal market were to create facilities for protection of produce duringmonsoon, to establish bank in the yard and timely starting of auction bymarket officials. Farmers suggested proper cleaning of shed, arrangementfor loading and auction should be done according to the gate pass number,etc. The major common suggestions from management were; creation ofharmony and linkage among all the regulated markets in respect ofadministration and operation, inter-market transfer of core staff,computerisation of market yard, amendment in old Acts, and conversionof Agricultural Marketing Board into Corporation.

Practical utility The study was helpful to find out the extent of utilization of infrastructuralfacilities created in market yards in Gujarat state. The study was also usefulto find out the changes occurring in marketing practices due toconstruction of market yards and problem faced by the farmers, tradersand other market functionaries in the market yard of non – tribal and tribal

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area which ultimately helped the farmers in taking decisions pertaining towhere, when and how to sell their produce.

5 Thesis title Economic analysis of production and marketing of vegetables in NorthGujarat

Name of student R. R. PatelName of guide Dr. V. M. PatelYear 2010Conclusion On an average total cost of cultivation per hectare of tomato and

brinjal were Rs.74287.87 and Rs.58949.86, respectively. The average yield oftomato per hectare was 252.88 quintals. The gross return on sampled farmwas Rs.139120.37, which ranged from Rs.137450.60 on small farms to Rs.140760.20 on large farms. The net profit per hectare on sampled tomatofarms was Rs.64835.50. In case of brinjal, yield, gross income and netincome per hectare was 242.83 quintals, Rs.84561.83 and Rs.25611.97,respectively. Input-output ratio indicated that tomato (1.87) was moreprofitable than brinjal (1.43). Cost of production per quintal of tomato andbrinjal was Rs.293.77 and Rs.242.76, respectively.

Among the variables included in the production function analysis,area under tomato (0.521) and cost of fertilizers (0.159) in#uenced the grossreturns significantly. In case of brinjal, only area (0.571), cost of fertilizer(0.195) and plant protection exerted (0.049) significant in#uence on thegross income.

Among the selected markets for tomato, Visnagar and Mehsanamarkets showed an increasing trend of arrivals in most of the years understudy. Out of ten years of study, only 3 to 4 year recorded higher arrivalindices of brinjal than the average in the selected markets. No definitetrend was observed in wholesale price indices of brinjal over the year.

According to simple correlation coefficient between arrivals and priceof tomato, it was found negative and highly significant for Mehsana andVisnagar markets whereas, it was negative and significant for Vijapurmarket and found non significant in Idar market. In case of brinjal, it wasfound non significant for all the markets.

Of the total production the marketable surplus on sampled farm was93.37 and 92.72 per cent in case of tomato and brinjal, respectively.

The producer to wholesaler-cum-commission agent to retailer toconsumer was the major marketing channel. The total marketing costincurred by tomato and brinjal growers amounted to Rs.93.32 and Rs.33.31per quintal. The total expenses incurred by wholesaler-cum-commissionagent and retailer were Rs. 104.61 and Rs.75.25 per quintal of tomato,respectively. In case of brinjal the respective expenses were Rs.85.71 andRs.62.35.

The cost and margins in tomato marketing together amounted toRs.273.18 (30.47 %) and Rs.166.34 (18.56 %) per quintal, respectively. Theproducer's share in consumer's rupee was 50.97 per cent. In case of brinjal,marketing cost and margin were Rs.181.37 (29.26 %) and Rs.123.50 (19.93

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%) per quintal, respectively. The producer's share in consumer's rupee was50.81 per cent. The marketing efficiency was 1.04 and 1.03 in tomato and

brinjal, respectively.The major production constraints faced by the vegetable growers

were; higher production cost, plant protection and higher prices ofinsecticides/ pesticides. The major marketing problems were; higher price#uctuations and lack of transportation facilities. Small farmers had theproblems of credit facility and lack of information about high yieldingvariety for the production of vegetables.

Practical utility The study was helpful for government for devising appropriate pricepolicies for vegetable growers by providing information on cost ofcultivation. This was also helpful to the credit institutions in deciding thescale of finance for crop loans and also to the vegetable growers inreallocation of their resources in order to improve the production ofvegetables. The comparison of output in relation to the level of inputs usedwas useful in revealing the true picture of efficiency of the farms. Theanalysis of price behaviour in North Gujarat region was very useful to takethe decision “when to grow and when to sell” on the part of farmers and“when, where and how to store and dispose off” on the part ofbusinessmen. The examination of degree of market integration was helpfulin explaining the pricing efficiency in spatially located markets. The studywas also useful for devising appropriate policies to remove marketconstraints and trade abuses prevalent in the state of Gujarat.

Department of Extension EducationTheme: Adoption of TechnologyS.

No.

1. Thesis title Determinants of attitude and adoption of improved animal husbandrypractices of dairy farmers of North Gujarat

Name of student B. K. AshwarName of guide Dr. M. C. SoniYear 2005Conclusion [1] The findings of the present study revealed that more than 3/4th of the

dairy farmers were in middle age group, about 87 per cent wereliterate, nearly 58 per cent had low level of social participation,majority (62.50 per cent) dairy farmers had medium dairy farmingexperience, more than 60 per cent belonged to SEBC category.

[2] Majority (16.67 per cent) dairy farmers had medium extension contactand extension participation (67.50 per cent).

[3] Though the majority (61.00 per cent) of respondents had medium levelof knowledge about improved animal husbandry practices, the averageknowledge score was very low, being 42.59 only.

[4] The percentage of respondents belonged to landless category were 17.50per cent and landholders' category 82.50 percent, though majority was

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landholders, only 9.50 per cent dairy farmers were big farmers.[5] The average herd size was 4.55 and majority (43.33 per cent) was in

medium herd size (4 to 6 animals) category. The average milkproduction at their home was 29.76 liter daily where majority (45.48per cent) dairy farmer were in big producer’s category. More than 48per cent were in low-income group (Rs. <50000); the average income ofdairy farmer was Rs. 72,566.00

[6] The information regarding psychological attributes revealed thatmajority (70 per cent) respondents were in medium economicmotivation group, whereas scientific orientation was also medium inmajority dairy farmers (61.25).

[7] The study indicated that majority dairy farmers had mediuminfrastructure experience.

[8] Majority of the respondents showed moderately favourable to highlyfavourable attitude towards dairy farming. The average attitude scorewas also very high (83.55), indicating their positive feeling associatedwith dairy farming.

[9] Relationship between various selected attributes of dairy farmers andtheir attitude toward dairy farming indicated that out of the 15variables tried, 13 exerted positive and significant associations withattitude. The age and dairy farming did not show any significantrelationship.

[10] Multiple regression analysis results clearly indicated the regressioncoefficient calculated for the attitude on the basis of independentvariables was significant (p<0.01). For the given set of 15 independentvariables, the variables namely extension contact, economic motivation,infrastructure experience and knowledge were found to be significant(p<0.01), contributing significantly for predicting the level of attitude.

[11] Data when processed for path analysis indicated that out of the 15variables tried, 6 exerted positive direct effect and 9 shown negativedirect effect. Economic motivation had highest positive direct effectfollowed by knowledge, milk yield and extension contact. The incomehad highest negative direct effect followed by herd size and dairyfarming experience. The rest had negligible negative direct effect.

[12] Regards to adoption of improved animal husbandry practices majority(63.35 per cent) of dairy farmers were found to have medium level ofadoption. The average adoption score of dairy farmers was very poorbeing 30.83, indicating need to improve adoption of improved animalhusbandry practices and thereby dairy farming as a whole.

[13] Correlation coefficients of adoption with independent variablesrevealed that out of the 15 independent variables tried 13 variableswere positively and significantly (p<0.01) correlated with extent ofadoption of improved animal husbandry practices. The two variablesage and dairy farming experience were found to be non-significant.

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[14] Result of multiple regression analysis indicted that regressioncoefficient (R2 = 85.90) calculated for the adoption of improved animalhusbandry practices on the basis of 15 independent variables washighly significant (p<0.01). Out of 15 independent variables, fivevariables namely education, caste, dairy farming experience, incomeand knowledge were significant (p<0.01), whereas age exerted negativebut significant effect on the adoption of improved animal husbandrypractices.

[15] Result of path analysis indicated that out of the 15 independentvariables, 7 exhibited direct positive effect and 8 expressed negativedirect effect. The knowledge, income and dairy farming experiencewere having the highest positive direct effect, whereas age andextension contact had expressed highest negative effect.

[16] The analysis to poor or inadequate response to the dairy innovationsbrought out the findings that no irrigation facilities for growing greenfodder for animals, non-availability of improved sires for breedingpurpose in villages and too much of repeat breeding through A.I., non-availability of expert services to treat repeat breeders, lack ofknowledge about control measures of clinical and sub clinical mastitis,infertility problems in dairy animals were some of the major factors.

[17] Irrigation facility for growing feed and fodder, improvement of skill oflay inseminators and provision of required number of bulls for naturalservices at village level, regular training to dairy farmers, a competitiveprice for their products, arrangement for fodder depots, heath servicesand timely vaccination were some of the important suggestions fromdairy farmers to overcome the constraints.

Practical utility It has been seen from the study that there has been a wide gap between therecommendations of scientists and practices of dairy farmers. Thereception granted to the innovations has somehow not been so ceremonialand encouraging. There are various factors, which deemed to have heldback the wide scale adoption of improved animal husbandry practices. Onthe basis of the constraints reported by dairy farmer’s corrective measuresmay be taken in time to popularize the innovations among the dairyfarmers and to put the dairy farming of state on the world map.Suggestions from the dairy farmers are highly important and they may begiven due consideration while deciding the strategies and policy for rapidexpansion of dairy farming.

2 Thesis title Functional analysis of adoption dynamics in relation to drip irrigationsystem inNorth Gujarat

Name of student Dhandhukia R. D.Name of guide Dr. K. A. ThakkarYear 2014Conclusion [1] Majority of the drip owners (53.88 %) belonged to middle age group

and little more than one-third (36.50 %) of drip owners were havinghigher secondary level of education.

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[2] Nearly half of the drip owners (52.40 %) were belonged to higher casteand a large majority of the drip owners (71.20 %) hold membership inone or more organizations.

[3] Majority of drip owners (74.10 %) had medium to large size of landholding and a large majority (61.20 %) of drip owners had above 40.00per cent of their land under drip irrigation system with having amedium level of irrigation potentiality (41.18 %) and cropping intensity(41.76 %).

[4] Majority of respondents (54.10 %) had an annual income aboveRs. 1,50,000.

[5] Tube-well (22.40 %) and open-well (15.30 %) either jointly (25.30 %) oreach separately were the major source of irrigation of drip owners.

[6] Majority (48.24 % and 55.90 %) of the respondents having high creditorientation and high innovativeness, respectively.

[7] Nearly half of the drip owners (52.95 %) had medium to high riskorientation.

[8] Vast majority (80.00 %) of drip owners had high to medium scientificorientation and majority of the farmers (55.89 %) utilized medium levelof information sources.

[9] Majority of drip owners (82.36 %) possessed medium to high level ofknowledge regarding drip irrigation management practices.

[10] Great majority of the drip owners (84.12 %) had moderately to highlyfavourable attitude towards drip irrigation system.

[11] Majority of the respondents stated that they were benefited byadopting drip irrigation system in various aspects viz., change in self-sufficiency (91.76 %), change in social status (81.05 %), saving in water(50.96 %), labour saving (56.47 %), increase in yield (45.88 %), savingweed control expenses (41.76 %), improvement in quality of produce(92.94%) and saving fertilizer and plant protection chemicals (34.17 %).

[12] Majority of drip owners (66.48 %) had medium level of adoption ofdrip irrigation management practices.

[13] The independent variables viz., education, social participation, size ofland holding, area under drip irrigation, irrigation potentiality,cropping intensity, annual income, sources of irrigation, creditorientation, innovativeness, risk orientation, scientific orientation,attitude, knowledge and sources of information had positive andsignificant correlation with extent of adoption of respondents inrelation to drip irrigation system.

[14] Age of the respondents had negative and significant correlation withthe extent of adoption.

[15] Caste could not establish any significant relationship with the extent ofadoption of respondents about drip irrigation system.

[16] All the 17 independent variables put together explained 48.52 per centtotal variation in respondents’ adoption of drip irrigation system.

[17] Five variables viz., sources of irrigation, social participation, size of

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land holding, annual income, and sources of information put togetherexplained as much as 20.34 per cent of total variation in therespondents’ extent of adoption of drip irrigation technology.

[18] The stepwise regression analysis showed that 19.16 per cent of thevariation was accounted by sources of irrigation, social participation,size of land holding, annual income, sources of information puttogether on extent of adoption pertaining to drip irrigation technology.

[19] Path analysis indicated that sources of information had exerted thehighest positive direct effect (0.2764), irrigation potentiality had the

highest total indirect effect (0.1304) and sources of information (0.1021)had exerted the highest positive first substantial indirect effect onextent of adoption of drip irrigation technology.

[20] The major constraints experienced by the drip owners were; frequentclogging of drippers due to saline substance or other reason, damagecaused by the rats to the system, lack of technical know-how andguidance before and after adoption and lack of after sale services fromthe company dealers.

[21] To overcome the problems of drip irrigation system, the drip ownersreported suggestions were; analyse the water before installing the dripirrigation system, knowledge about acid treatment should be provided,company should make high quality drip material and training shouldbe imported to farmers on how to use drip irrigation system.

Practical utility It will be useful to the extension agencies in modifying and qualifying theirways of educating farmers by knowing the important factors that promotethe change in the farmer’s life and extent of economic gain delivered by thefarmers as a result of drip irrigation system. The change agent will be ableto assist the farmers while taking rational decision of new idea /innovation / method by using persuasion and motivational techniques,stimulating interest and forming positive toward new innovation. Theknowledge regarding difficulties expressed by the farmers in adoption ofdrip irrigation will serve as a guideline in modifying future programmes.The study facilitates in knowing the attributes of the drip owners, whichwould serve as a guideline for the planners and extension agencies inplanning and implementing extension programme aimed at to promote theuse of drip irrigation system.

3 Thesis title Farm technologies adopted by the farmers of naip-iii jurisdictionin Banaskantha district of Gujarat state

Name of student Prajapati M. M.Name of guide Dr. K. A. ThakkarYear 2016Conclusion 1. Majority (66.12%) of the farmers belonged to young age group and the

education of maximum farmers (36.06%) was up to secondary level.Nearly half (48.08%) of the farmers hold membership in oneorganization and majority (67.75%) of them had medium socio-economic status and are cultivating medium size of land holding

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(67.76%) with an annual income between Rs. 70,449 to Rs. 1,00,808(73.83%). Nearly half (49.18%) of them had medium size of familyresiding in kuchcha houses (50.87%) with medium livestock possession(43.35%) and medium material possession (49.18%). Their extent of useof sources of information (60.67%) and extension contact was medium(55.74%). Looking to psychological characteristics, majority of thefarmers had medium level of economic motivation (58.47%), scientificorientation (61.74%) and risk preference (65.02%).

2. Maximum (40.43%) farmers possessed medium level of knowledgeregarding recommended farm technologies.

3. Large majority (65.57 %) of the farmers had moderately favourable

attitude towards recommended farm technologies.4. Majority (59.57%) of farmers had medium level of adoption of

recommended farm technologies.5. Majority (64.48%) of the farmers were found in medium category of

techno-economic developments.6. The independent variables viz., education, social participation, land

holding, annual income, material possession, sources of informationand economic motivation had positive and significant correlation withknowledge of the respondents about recommended farm technologies.The ‘Z’ values of age (3.870), social participation (7.356), croppingintensity (6.069), size of family (3.002), extension contact (2.361) andscientific orientation (3.042) were significant either at 0.05 or 0.01 levelof significance. Thus, these variables significantly contributed inexplaining the variation in knowledge regarding farm technologies. Thepartial regression coefficient indicated that one unit change in age,social participation, cropping intensity, extension contact, size of familyand scientific orientation would change 0.3298, 0.4794, 0.4040, 0.1858,0.1891 and 0.1759 units in the respondents’ knowledge, respectively.The variable social participation (0.4713) exerted the highest positivedirect effect on respondent’s knowledge regarding farm technologiesand the variable; land holding (0.2526) had the highest total indirecteffect on respondents’ knowledge regarding farm technologies.whereas, annual income (0.1801) exerted highest positive effect throughcropping intensity.

7. The independent variables namely, age, social participation, landholding, annual income, cropping intensity, type of house, materialpossession, sources of information and extension contact had positiveand significant correlation with attitude of respondents towards farmtechnologies. The ‘Z’ values of four variables social participationi.e.,(4.256), type of house (5.444), material possession (3.102) and scientificorientation (2.080) were significant either at 0.05 or at 0.01 level ofsignificance. The partial regression coefficient indicate that one unitchange in type of house, social participation, material possession andscientific orientation would change 0.4177, 0.2836, 0.2252 and 0.1115

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units in the respondents’ attitude, respectively. Type of house (0.3775)exerted the highest positive direct effect and extension contact (0.2680)had the highest total indirect effect on respondents’ attitude towardsfarm technologies. Land holding (0.1649) exerted highest positive effectthrough type of house.

8. The independent variables age, education, social participation, landviz.,holding, annual income, cropping intensity, size of family, type ofhouse, livestock possession, sources of information, extension contact,economic motivation and scientific orientation had positive andsignificant correlation with extent of adoption of respondents in relationto farm technologies. The ‘Z’ values of twelve variables namely,education (1.968), social participation (7.150), socio-economic status (-4.263), cropping intensity (5.608), size of family (3.890), type of house

(2.101), livestock possession (5.451), sources of information (2.100),extension contact (3.480), economic motivation (3.023), scientificorientation (4.421) and risk preference (3.179) were significant either at0.05 or at 0.01 level of significance. Thus, these twelve variablessignificantly contributed in explaining the variation in extent ofadoption of farm technologies. The partial regression coefficientindicated that one unit change in livestock possession, size of family,social participation, cropping intensity, extension contact, socio-economic status, scientific orientation, education, risk preference,economic motivation, sources of information and type of house wouldchange 0.2468, 0.1715, 0.3725, 0.2862, 0.2034, 0.2093, 0.1796, 0.1480,0.1237, 0.1643, 0.1280 and 0.1132 units in the respondents’ extent ofadoption, respectively. Social participation (0.3393) exerted the highestpositive direct effect on respondent’s extent of adoption of farmtechnologies and land holding (0.3593) had the highest total indirecteffect on respondent’s extent of adoption of farm technologies. Annualincome (0.1233) exerted highest positive effect upon adoption throughcropping intensity.

9. The important constraints perceived by the farmers were; lack of timelytechnical guidance on market price, maintenance of farm equipments iscostly, lack of guidance on scientific animal husbandry, lack of technicalknowledge about proper use of plant protection chemicals, less visit oflivestock inspector for animal treatment, lack of remunerative price ofproducts, non-availability of quality spare parts of agriculturalmachineries and clumsy procedure for getting loan/subsidy.

10.The important suggestions reported by the farmers were; training onscientific farming, special training on scientific animal husbandry,timely visit of veterinary officer for animal treatment, procedure to takeloan/subsidy should be easy, increase in subsidy to create storagefacility, training on handling of farm equipments and availability ofspare parts for agricultural machineries in local market with reasonablerate.

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Practical utility The study facilitates in knowing the attributes of the tribal farmers, whichwould serve as a guideline for the planners and extension agencies inplanning and implementing extension programmes aimed at to promotelivelihood of tribal people.

4 Thesis title Adoption of potato cultivation technology by the potato growers under

contract farming in North Gujarat agro climatic zone of Gujarat stateName of student Desai H. K.Name of guide Dr. K. A. ThakkarYear 2016Conclusion Majority of the potato growers (49.00%) were middle aged with education

up to higher secondary to graduation level (67.50%) and majority (52.00%)of them had medium level of experience (4 to 8 years) in potato cultivationunder contract farming.Majority of the potato growers (62.00%) were belonged to small size offamily and most of them (59.00%) were having membership in more thanone social organization. Majority (74.50%) of them had medium to big sizeof land holding resulting into medium income (75.50%) from Rs. 2,71,714/-to Rs. 7,47,286/-.Maximum (43.50%) potato growers had followed groundnut – potato –gro undnut cropping sequence with medium to low yield gap (81.00%).Majority (83.00%) of the potato growers had medium to high level of massmedia exposure.Majority (65.00%) of the potato growers had medium risk orientation.Important factors motivating farmers for contract farming were; assuredprice (88.50%), price stability (86.00%), no tension of marketing (84.50%),technical advice to control pests and diseases (82.50%), no cash paymentfor seed (81.00%), delivery from farm (minimize transportation cost)(80.00%), and no storage requirement (78.00%).Majority (76.00%) of the contracting potato growers had medium tohigh level of knowledge regarding potato cultivation technology.Lookingpractice wise knowledge, it was observed that majority farmerspossessed knowledge of improved varieties (89.00%), plant protectionmeasures (86.66%), fertilizers (80.00%), land preparation (79.16%), seedtreatment (77.50%), irrigation management (75.50%), sowing (73.12%),earthing up and weeding (72.75%), harvesting (67.50%), spacing (63.00%),and crop rotation (56.66%).The independent variables viz., education, mass media exposure,age, social participation, land holding, occupation, annual income, andcropping sequence had positive and significant correlation with level ofknowledge of potato cultivation technology by potato growers. On theother hand, size of family and yield gap had significant but negativerelationship with level of knowledge of potato growers. Total 73.56 percent variation in knowledge towards potato cultivation technology wasexplained by a set of 12 independent variables together.

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Majority (78.00%) of the contracting potato growers had medium tohigh level of adoption regarding potato cultivation technology. It wasfurther observed that maximum farmers adopted the practices viz.,improved varieties (88.50%), plant protection (86.66%), irrigationmanagement (85.50%), seed treatment (85.00%), fertilizer management(83.00%), land preparation (80.00%), sowing (78.75%), earthing up andweeding (73.75%), harvesting (67.50%), spacing (63.00%) and crop rotation(56.66%).The independent variables age, education, land holding,viz.,occupation, annual income, cropping sequence, mass media exposure,knowledge and risk orientation had positive and significant correlationwith the adoption of potato cultivation technology by the potato growers.Total 85.17 per cent variation in adoption towards potato cultivationtechnology was explained by a set of 13 independent variables together.The main constraints faced by potato growers in adoption of potatocultivation technology under contract farming were; high rejection rate(66.00%), low contract price (63.50%), high cost of inputs given bycontracting company (61.50%), poor quality seed supply by contracting

company (59.00%) and manipulation of norms by firm (56.50%).Important suggestions offered by majority of farmers were; thereshould be provision of supportive price for their products (71.50%), qualityseed should be provided by company (68.00%), there should begovernment intervention for making strict laws to make legal contracts(61.00%) and technical advice to control pests and diseases should be given(54.50%).

Practical utility In the present study assess different issues relating to contract farming. Asthis is a new thrust area, the information generated may help farmers andprivate firms for entering into contract system. The study exploredproblems and lacuna faced by the farmers in contract farming which mayhelp the contracting firms, government and policy makers to imitate effortsto boost the production through contact farming. The study facilitates inknowing the characteristics of the potato growers. The finding of studywould help to serve as guideline for policy makers, planner and extensionworkers to select farmers under various programme.

Theme: Impact Analysis5 Thesis title Impact of national watershed development project in rainfed areas of

Banaskantha district of Gujarat stateName of student V. V. PrajapatiName of guide Dr. K. A. ThakkarYear 2006Conclusion [1] Majority of the beneficiary farmers of watershed area were middle

age (56.00 %), either illiterate or having primary education (87.50 %)and having membership in one organization (40.00 %).

[2] Majority of the beneficiary farmers were dependent on farming and

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animal husbandry (77.00 %), they were medium farmers having 2.01 to4.00 ha of land (43.50 %). They possessed medium herd size (88.50 %)and their irrigation potentiality was found up to 50 per cent (88.50 %).

[3] More than half of the (54.00 %) beneficiary farmers had medium levelutilization of information sources and about three-fifths (62.00 %) ofthem were having medium level of extension participation.

[4] More than 65.00 per cent of the beneficiary farmers had medium level ofscientific orientation (75.00 %), economic motivation (71.00 %) and riskpreference levels were also medium (65.50 %).

[5] In impact analysis, three-fourths (77.00 %) of the beneficiary farmershad medium level of knowledge about watershed crop productiontechnology. Majority of them (66.00 %) had moderately favourableattitude towards watershed crop production technology. Their extentof adoption of watershed crop production technology was alsomedium level (63.50 %) and majority of the beneficiaries (71.00 %) ofwatershed programme were found to have medium level of techno-economic consequences.

[6] Among various soil and water conservation technology summerploughing was adopted by 81.00 per cent beneficiary farmers and wasranked first. So far as crop production technologies were concerned,use of improved/hybrid/short duration varieties was adopted by 95.50

per cent beneficiary and was ranked first.[7] Due to adoption of watershed crop production technology by

beneficiary farmers, significant change was observed in case ofcropping intensity, annual income, use of farm inputs, use of farmmachinery/implements, household possession, housing condition andclothing pattern. Whereas, no significant change was observed in foodhabit of beneficiary farmers.

[8] There was positive and significant relationship of the variablesviz., education, social participation, occupation, land holding, irrigationpotentiality, sources of information, extension participation, scientificorientation, economic motivation, risk preference, knowledge aboutWatershed Crop Production Technology (WCPT) and attitude towardsWCPT with their extent of adoption of WCPT. Whereas, therelationship between age of the beneficiary farmers and their extent ofadoption was negatively significant. Further, all the independentvariables explained 70.83 per cent total variation in the extent ofadoption of WCPT. Out of this, attitude and social participationindicating significant contribution in extent of adoption of WCPT.

[9] Respondent's education, social participation, occupation, land holding,irrigation potentiality, sources of information, extension participation,scientific orientation, economic motivation, risk preference, knowledge,attitude and adoption were found having positive and significantrelationship with techno-economic changes.

[10] Among soil and water conservation technology, the important

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constraints were; lack of technical guidance, land leveling is costly andlack of finance. While, in case of crop production technology, theimportant constraints were; low market price of agricultural product,high rate of electricity and irregular supply of electricity.

[11] The important suggestions made by the farmers to overcome theconstraints were; more subsidies should be granted for soil and waterconservation works, remunerative market prices of agriculturalproducts should be provided to the farmers and proper technicalguidance should be given as and when they need.

Practical utility It is expected that findings of this study will also be of much help to theprogramme planners, implementing authority and extension functionariesto restructure and reframe the watershed management approach in rightdirection. Not only that, it will also provide some clues to them to developand implement the programme effectively for the benefit of the ruralpeople.

6 Thesis title Impact of frontline demonstration on knowledge and adoption ofimproved pulse production technology by the farmers of North Gujarat

Name of student Prajapati Ramesh Kumar ShivabhaiName of guide Dr. K. A. ThakkarYear 2006Conclusion [1] Maximum number of respondents from beneficiary and non-beneficiary

groups were middle aged (35.56 %, 46.67 %), having primary education(47.78%, 35.56%), with no social participation (42.42%, 66.67%) and

belonged to medium socio-economic status (70.00%, 75.55%).[2] Majority respondents from beneficiary and non-beneficiary farmers

were small (52.22%) and marginal (36.67%) respectively.[3] Maximum number of respondents from beneficiary and non-beneficiary

groups had medium annual income (81.11%, 47.78%) with mediummaterial possession (50.00%, 58.89%).

[4] Majority respondents from beneficiary and non-beneficiary farmers hadmedium level utilization of information sources (46.67%, 68.89%),medium level of extension participation (73.33%, 45.45%) and mediumlevel of mass media exposure (50.00 %, 65.56%).

[5] Maximum number of respondents from beneficiary and non-beneficiaryfarmers were having medium level of economic motivation (73.33%,53.33%), medium risk preference (80.00%, 55.56%), medium scientificorientation (82.22%, 55.55%) and medium innovative proneness(72.22%, 60.00%).

[6] Nearly three fourths (72.22%) of beneficiary farmers were havingmedium awareness about the front line demonstration. Remaining27.78 per cent of beneficiary farmers were having high awareness aboutit. On the other side 55.56 per cent of non-beneficiary farmers hadmedium awareness, followed by 38.89 per cent having low awareness.Only 5.55 per cent of them were found having high awareness aboutfront line demonstration.

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[7] Nearly equal number of the beneficiary farmers (68.89 %) and non-beneficiary farmers (67.78 %) had medium level of knowledge aboutpulse production technology. On the other hand, 24.44 per cent and6.67 per cent of beneficiary and non-beneficiary farmers respectivelyhad high level of knowledge about pulse production technology.

[8] There was significant difference in knowledge of beneficiary and non-beneficiary farmers regarding the practices variety, seed treatment,viz.,sowing time, fertilizer application, irrigation, plant protection measuresand harvesting and storage. Only in case of weed control, no significantdifference was observed between beneficiary and non-beneficiaryfarmers.

[9] Majority (62.22 %) of the beneficiary farmers had moderately favourableattitude towards front line demonstration. On the other hand, 21.11 percent and 16.67 per cent beneficiary farmers had highly favourable andless favourable attitude respectively towards front line demonstration.

[10] Only 2.22 per cent beneficiary farmers had low adoption of improvedpulse production technology. Contrary to this, 40.00 per cent non-beneficiary farmers had low extent of adoption. On the other hand,only 3.33 per cent non-beneficiary farmers had high adoption against28.89 per cent in case of beneficiary farmers. Medium adoption wasobserved among 68.89 per cent and 56.67 per cent beneficiary and non-beneficiary farmers respectively.

[11] Comparison of practice-wise adoption by beneficiary and non-beneficiary farmers showed that significant difference was observed incase of seven practices variety, seed treatment, sowing time,viz.,

fertilizer application, irrigation, weed control and plant protectionmeasure.

[12] There was positively significant relationship between beneficiaryfarmers’ awareness and the independent variables education,viz.,socio-economic status, land holding, annual income, materialpossession, sources of information, extension participation, mass mediaexposure, economic motivation, risk preference, scientific orientationand innovative proneness. In case of non-beneficiary farmers thecharacteristics education and annual income had establishedviz.,significant relationship with awareness.

[13] There was positively significant relationship between beneficiaryfarmers’ level of knowledge and the independent variables viz.,education, socio-economic status, annual income, material possession,extension participation, mass media exposure, economic motivation,risk preference, scientific orientation, innovative proneness andawareness. While age was found having negatively significantrelationship with level of knowledge. In case of non-beneficiaryfarmers the characteristics education and annual income hadviz.,established significant relationship with awareness.

[14] There was positively significant relationship between beneficiary

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farmers’ attitude and the independent variables education, socioviz., -economic status, land holding, annual income, material possession,sources of information, extension participation, mass media exposure,economic motivation, risk preference, scientific orientation, innovativeproneness, awareness and knowledge. While age was found havingnegatively significant relationship with attitude.

[15] There was positively significant relationship between beneficiaryfarmers’ extent of adoption and the independent variables viz.,education, socio-economic status, land holding, annual income, sourcesof information, extension participation, mass media exposure,economic motivation, scientific orientation, innovative proneness,awareness and knowledge and attitude. In case of non-beneficiaryfarmers the characteristics education,viz., social participation, annualincome, sources of information, mass media exposure, scientificorientation and knowledge had established significant relationshipwith adoption.

[16] Major constraints faced by beneficiary farmers were low price ofpulses, poor marketing facility, low yield potential, and cannot storedfor long period to fetch high price. In case of non-beneficiary farmers,the major constraints were timely unavailability of inputs, risk inadoption of new technology and high cost of equipments for plantprotection.

[17] Plant protection measure, weed control through chemical and use ofsulphur were the main practices rejected by the beneficiary farmers.

[18] The important suggestions made by the farmers to make front linedemonstration more effective were; all critical inputs for maximizationof yield should be given in advance followed by training should beimparted to the farmers, intimation for conduction of FLD should begiven in advance and wide publicity of FLD should be made.

Practical utility The findings of the study will be of greater importance in identifying thelevel of knowledge and extent of adoption of improved pulse productiontechnology by the beneficiary and non-beneficiary farmers. The differencesin knowledge and adoption of improved pulse production technology, ifany, will enable researchers, KVK scientists and other extension personnelinvolved in the programme to strengthen their effort of transfer oftechnology. This will also assist them in conducting demonstration andorganizing training programme, especially in the sphere of less adoptedtechnologies. The study will also help in determining constraints beingfaced by the beneficiary farmers in adoption of improved pulse productiontechnology. The study will further help in knowing those technologiesrejected by farmers along with the reasons for their rejection. Based onthese reasons, the crop scientists can revise their present researchprogrammes.

7 Thesis title Performance of milk producers cooperative societies and its in"uence inrelation to animal husbandry practices adopted by tribals of Sabarkantha

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districtName of student Patel V. B.Name of guide Dr. K. A. ThakkarYear 2007Conclusion [1] Majority of the MPCs (60.00 %) had average performance and 20.00 per

cent each of them had poor and best performance.[2] Relationship between performance of MPCs and extent of adoption of

improved animal husbandry practices was positive and significant.[3] The important factors which were highly affecting the performance of

MPCs were; digital fat testing equipment and computer facilities foraccounting, A. I. services and animal health services provided byMPCs.

[4] The important common constraints as reported by member dairyfarmers in effective functioning of MPCs. Were; scarcity of greenfodder for animals (90.66 %), non-availability of A. I. services timely(84.66 %), low milk price to the producers (80.66 %). Lack of adequateknowledge of improved animal husbandry practices (78.00 %) and lackof subsidized credit facilities.

[5] Majority of the respondents were above 36 years of age and literate.[6] It was recorded that about 56.67 per cent of the respondents were

having more than five members and equally belongs to joint andnuclear family. Majority of them (71.34 %) were marginal to smallfarmers, most of them (80.67 %) had farming along with animalhusbandry as their occupation and had low level of social participation(57.33 %). Most of the respondents (70.00 %) had medium herd sizewith medium milk production (68.00 %). Majority dairy farmers (57.34%) had minimum draught power and medium material possession(62.00 %).

[7] It was recorded that slightly more than half (54.00 %) of the respondent

had low mass media exposure and medium extension participation(60.00 %).

[8] Majority member dairy farmers (61.33 %) had medium level of overallmodernity.

[9] Though about half of respondents (51.33 %) had medium level ofknowledge about improved animal husbandry practices, the averageknowledge score was very low (38.57).

[10] Majority of the respondents showed moderately favourable to highlyfavourable attitude (60.00 %) towards MPCs. The average attitudescore was also high (60.85).

[11] Majority of the respondent possessed moderately favourable to highlyfavourable attitude (62.00 %) towards dairy farming technology. Theaverage score was also higher (61.48).

[12] With regards to adoption of improved animal husbandry practices,majority of the dairy farmers (80.67%) had medium to low level ofadoption.

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[13] Relationship of extent of adoption was observed significant with thevariables age, education, land holding, occupation, socialviz.,participation, material possession, mass media exposure, extensionparticipation, overall modernity, knowledge, and attitude towardsMPCs and dairy farming technology.

[14] Multiple regression analysis indicated that all the selected variablesexerted as much as 88.49 per cent of total variation in adoption ofimproved animal husbandry practices. The results of step-wiseregression analysis indicated that 87.31 per cent of the total variation inadoption was accounted by a set of five variables age,viz.,landholding, extension participation, attitude towards dairy farmingtechnology and knowledge. Knowledge alone had accounted for 81.11per cent variation.

Practical utility The study will analyze the organizational process of the dairy cooperativesocieties at the village level, the expectations of dairy farmers of the area,overall functioning and the performance of the societies at greater length.

The study has also tried to highlight the various constraints thatprevent the effective functioning of MPCs. The conclusions drawn on thebasis of the findings of primary data truly re#ect the concerns of thefarmers and hence, assumes a greater significance if the tribal people willbe assisted by the programme.

The findings on knowledge and adoption of dairy farmers aboutimproved animal husbandry practices, factors determine the adoption ofimproved animal husbandry practices, their attitude towards MPCs anddairy farming technology and its relationship with their attributes will helpthe specialists, scientists, research workers, planners, policy makers,administrator etc. to get information about the present status of dairyfarmers in identifying the thrust area needing immediate attention to boosteconomy of rural poor in general and tribals in particular through dairyfarming and thereby they can incorporate necessary modifications in theexisting programmes.

8 Thesis title An evaluation study on National Watershed Development Project forRainfed Areas in Banaskantha district of Gujarat

Name of student Abdul SaboorName of guide Dr. B. T. PatelYear 2008Conclusion 1. By and large, the programme was planned and executed in accordance

to new guideline covering goals, objectives, structure and functioning ofthe project. Selection of watersheds was in accordance with guideline.Total 40 activities were to be carried out by PIA al watershed level. Outof 40 activities, Patosan-1. Sagrosana, Ghada-1, Aagdol, Shera-1 andMalotra watershed carried out 38 (95.00 %), 34 (85.00 %), 36 (90.00 %),32 (80.00 %), 36 (90.00 %) and 33 (82.50 %) activities respectively. Allthe PIAs planned and carried out most of the activities as per guidelineand their execution ranged from 80 to 95 per cent.

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2. Majority of the beneficiary farmers of watershed projects were middleage (57.33 %) and illiterate (73.33 %), depended on farming along withanimal husbandry (56.66 %), belonged to OBC and were havingtheir annual income up to Rs. 50,000/-.

3. Majority of the beneficiary farmers (47.00 %) of watershed areas werereported that PIA was the major source of awareness. Among thevarious activities of watershed project, majority of the farmers wereaware of land levelling (66.67 %), trees plantation on pasture land.(48.33%), improved seed demonstration (46.67%).

4. Delay in execution of natural resource developmental activities due todelay in release of fund to WC (66.66 %), failure of technologies and lossof farmers' faith (83 33 %) and people participation (78.33 %) were. theorganizational, technological and socio-economic issues respectivelyaffecting the implementation of the project as perceived by the farmers.

5. As regards to project personnel, about two-third of them (67.61 %) werehaving agriculture back ground, a little less than two-third (64.79 %) ofthem were having 5-10 years of experience, more than three-fourth ofthem (78.87 %) reported that new guideline was helpful in planning andexecution of the activities, two-third of them (66.20%) received training,about one-half (49.30 %) of them received training at State AgriculturalUniversities and its centres and large majority (73.24 %) of them wereaware of watershed project as well as project objectives.

6. The projects personnel had given more or less equal importance toresource conservation and production component as well as socio-economic and management aspects of the project. Soil and moistureconservation measures (95.77 %) as well as integrated and holisticdevelopment of watershed were perceived as most important aspects bythem.

7. A great majority (91.55 %) of project personnel suggested for practicaltraining based on field problems at village levels, two-third of them.(70.42 %) reported medium people participation in the programme anda great majority of them (83.00 %) opined that contribution must be paidby people before starting the development activities.

8. More than one-half project personnel perceived lack of time for.extension work for awareness generation due to more work load andmore or less one half of project personnel considered four issues viz.,less attachment with people, less #exibility in guideline inimplementation of the programme, lack of #exibility in expenditureaccording to field situation and no provision for advance payment andloan to livelihood support system, more illiteracy and poverty (91.55 %)as major organizational, programme related and socio-economic issuesresponsible affecting people's participation.

9. Three-fifth scientists were aware of new guideline but same number notoriented to new guideline. Majority of the scientists (76.67 %)perceived that watershed is having a holistic approach.

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10.Regarding organizational issues, majority of the scientists expressed alack of co-ordination with scientists (73.33 %), shortage efficient and full#edge staff (66.67 %) and lack of co-ordination with line departments(60.00 %). So far as programme related issues concerned, about three-fourth and two-third of the scientists felt that watershed programme istarget oriented and often guided from the top (73.33 %) and sectorialfunding for achieving physical targets (66.67 %) respectively. Moreilliteracy among the people and non-availability of economic benefits tothe resource poor beneficiaries in time were the major socio-economicissues perceived by majority of the scientists (73.33 % and 60.00 %respectively) affecting the implementation of project.

11.After watershed project, the farmers have started to change theircropping pattern from traditional crop to more valuable or cash croplike castor, cotton, isabgol, fennel and cumin. Increase in overall averageproductivity of selected crops was found highly significant after theproject. There is a rise in water table 63 metre. Overallemployment generation, man-days and wages were increased 13.09,61.48 and 27.27 per cent respectively, while rate of migration wasdeclined by 54.50 per cent. As far as animal population is concernedpopulation of buffaloes and cows was increased 19.35 and 135.29 percent. Respectively.

12.NGO watershed project of Sagrosana village was found successful dueto small organizational structure, creation of proper awareness amongthe villagers about the programme, frequent, supervision, no otherprogramme with NGO, frequent monitoring and evaluation, better. Co-ordination between WDT and WC, regular and frequent meetings withpeople, frequent organization of training at village level and goodlinkage with SAU and Gandhian philosophy.

13.In Government Organization (GLDC), livelihood support system wasadequately managed and people got maximum benefits by obtainingrevolving fund, while NGOs was totally failed in this aspect. Both theorganization quite differed in some aspects like structure oforganization, supervision, salary and co-ordination in team, etc.

14.Three-fourth organizational issues had a high degree of importance tofarmers and project personnel. While one-half organizational issues had

high degree of importance to the scientists. Majority of the programmerelated issues (80 %) had a high degree of importance to projectpersonnel, more than one-half (60 %) issues had a high degree ofimportance by the farmers and most of the issues (60 %) rated high tomedium degree of importance by the scientists. More than three-fourthof the socio-economic issues had a high degree importance to projectpersonnel, while farmers and scientists had high to mediumimportance.

15.The important suggestions made by the beneficiary farmers were thattechnical guidance and farm inputs should be provided to them in time

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and project personnel should visit watershed site frequently andmanaged developmental activities. Suggestions endorsed by the projectpersonnel were that there should be strict law and order to evacuateencroachment land of Panchayat/Government/Wasteland, efficient andsufficient staff are to be provided, hurry become worries, so sufficienttime should be provided to achieve the targets, #exibility is necessaryfor location specific treatment and cost norms, vocational type oftraining may be organized to improve skill of SHGs women for incomegeneration, trained and qualified local rural youth should be givenpriority for job in the watershed projects, labour wages to be made atpar with construction work in the watershed project and adequate fundshould be released in time. The suggestions made by the scientists werethat the farmers may be engaged for more involvement at planning andimplementation stages of the project, only reputed as well asexperienced NGOs must be involved in the watershed project andpriority may be given to reclamation and development of wasteland.

Practical utility This study is an effort to probe into implementation process beingfollowed for NWDPRA. It shows the perception of farmers. status ofproject personnel, guideline modification, fund #ow mechanism andorientation of achievement of target regarding implementation ofwatershed development. This study will also help in better planningand implementation of future programme.

9 Thesis title Socio–economic impact of Krushi mahotsav on beneficiary farmers ofNorth Gujarat

Name of student Pandya S. P.Name of guide Dr. M. R. PrajapatiYear 2011Conclusion [1] Majority of the he beneficiary farmers of old age (47.92 per cent) group

having education between primary to college level (71.67 per cent),membership in one organization (47.08 per cent). The occupation ofmajority beneficiary farmers was farming and animal husbandry (56.67per cent), they were found cultivating small land holding (34.17 percent) and earning medium income (74.00 per cent).

[2] In case of beneficiary farmers, so far market orientation (67.92 per cent),credit orientation (70.83 per cent), risk preference (62.50 per cent),economic motivation (67.50 per cent), innovative proneness (72.08 percent), rationality in decision making (71.67 per cent) were concerned,

majority of them were in medium category. Majority of the beneficiaryfarmers had moderately favourable attitude towards (65.83 per cent)Krushi Mahotsav.

[3] With regards to communication characteristics, majority of thebeneficiary farmers (67.50 per cent) were having medium contact withextension agencies and medium level of utilization of informationsources (52.92 per cent).

[4] Majority of the beneficiary farmers were having medium level (64.17

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per cent) of overall knowledge gained as a result of participating inKrushi Mahotsav, while agricultural knowledge gained (66.25 per cent),animal husbandry related knowledge gained (65.42 per cent) andknowledge gained in general aspect (71.25 per cent) were in mediumcategory.

[5] Majority of beneficiary farmers were found in medium category ofsocio-economic impact as a result of participation in Krushi Mahotsav.About aspect-wise socio-economic impact majority of beneficiaryfarmers (43.33 per cent) have increased their cultivation land as a resultof participating in Krushi Mahotsav and increased their annual incomeper hectare as a result of participating in Krushi Mahotsav. According tothe, opinion of the beneficiary farmers 57.08 per cent of them hadincreased their saving and investment, 67.92 per cent of them increasedtheir social status and 72.50 per cent of the beneficiary farmerswere increased their social relationship through participation inKrushi Mahotsav.

[6] There were fifteen variables used for the study, out of them 14 variableswere positively and significantly correlated with extent of knowledgegained through Krushi Mahotsav, whereas, age was negatively andsignificant correlation with extent of knowledge gained through KrushiMahotsav.

[7] Multiple regression analysis exerted as much as 57.90 per cent totalvariation in knowledge gained through participating in KrushiMahotsav on beneficiary farmers was explained by a set of 15independent variables together. Further, out of 15 variables, fourvariables viz., attitude towards Krushi Mahotsav, age, innovativeproneness and extension participation had significant contribution inknowledge gained through participating in Krushi Mahotsav.

[8] There were fifteen variable used for the study, out of them 14 variablesviz., education, social participation, size of land holding, occupation,annual income, market orientation, credit orientation, risk-preference,economic motivation, innovative proneness, rationality in decisionmaking, attitude towards Krushi Mahotsav, extension participation andsource of information were positively and significantly correlated withsocio-economic impact through Krushi Mahotsav, whereas age wasnegatively and significant correlation with socio-economic impactthrough Krushi Mahotsav.

[9] Multiple regression analysis exerted as much as 53.90 per cent totalvariation in socio-economic impactof Krushi Mahotsav on beneficiary

farmers was explained by a set of 15 independent variables together.[10] In step-wise regression analysis 53.1 per cent of the variation was

accounted by set variables innovativeness, source of information, age,attitude towards Krushi Mahotsav, social participation, education,economic motivation and extension participation put together onsocio-economic impact.

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[11] Knowledge gained through Krushi Mahotsav of the beneficiaryfarmers had positive and significant relationship with the socio-economic impact of Krushi Mahotsav on beneficiary farmers.

[12] Suggestion expressed by the beneficiary farmers for effectiveacceptance of the Krushi Mahotsav were provide technology with thefarmers and consider group demand while offering technology throughKrushi Mahotsav followed (Rank-I), make the necessary ensuredarrangement.

Practical utility The developed scales may be administered to any categories of farmerswith due modification to measure their attitude towards Krushi Mahotsav.The study indicated that the Krushi Mahotsav campaign was foundbeneficial to the farmers to aware the various agricultural technologies, aswell as various schemes of the different development department. Hencethe agencies should intensity their efforts in providing better services to thefarming community.

10 Thesis title Techno-economic impact of participatory irrigation management societyon beneficiary farmers of Mehsanadistrict, Gujarat

Name of student Patel J. K.Name of guide Dr. M. R. PrajapatiYear 2011Conclusion 1. Majority of the beneficiary farmers of PIMS were middle age (54.00 per

cent), educated between secondary to college level (76.00 per cent) andbelonged to general (higher) caste (61.50 per cent).

2. Majority (68.00 per cent) of the beneficiary farmers were havingmembership in more than one organization and belonged to mediumsocio-economic status (67.00 per cent).

3. More than half of the (58.00 per cent) beneficiary farmers weredependent on farming and animal husbandry, they were found small tomedium size of land holding (68.00 per cent), had 151.00 to 200.00per cent cropping intensity (52.00 per cent) and having annual incomebetween Rs. 50,000/- to Rs.1,00,000/- (40.00 per cent).

4. Majority (63.00 per cent) of the beneficiary farmers possessed mediumlevel of economic motivation, having medium level of risk preference(66.00 per cent), medium scientific orientation (58.00 per cent), hadmoderately favourable attitude towards PIMS (65.00 per cent) andmedium level of knowledge regarding recommended watermanagement practices (69.50 per cent).

5. More than 60.00 per cent of the beneficiary farmers had medium contactwith extension agencies (62.00 per cent) and medium utilization ofinformation sources (66.00 per cent).

6. A great majority (83.00 per cent) of the beneficiary farmers were found

medium to high techno-economic change and medium to high level ofextent of adoption of recommended water management practices (83.00per cent).

7. The variables viz., education, caste, social participation, socio-economic

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status, occupation, size of land holding, cropping intensity, annualincome, economic motivation, scientific orientation, risk-preference,attitude towards PIMS, knowledge of recommended water managementpractices, contact with extension agency and utilization of informationsources were positively and significantly associated with extent ofadoption of recommended water management practices. While creditorientation was positive and non-significant correlation with extent ofadoption of recommended water management practices. Whereas, agewas negatively and significant correlation with extent of adoption ofrecommended water management practices.

8. Multiple regression analysis indicated that all variables exerted as muchas 86.33 per cent of total variation in adoption of recommended watermanagement practices. The result of Stepwise regression analysisindicated that 85.28 per cent of the total variation in adoption ofrecommended water management practices was accounted by a set oftwo variables viz., knowledge of recommended water managementpractices and attitude towards PIMS.

9. Results of path analysis inferred that out of 16 variables analysed 8variables exerted direct positive effect and 8 variables expressednegative direct effect. The variables viz., knowledge of recommendedwater management practices, socio-economic status and attitudetowards PIMS showed highest positive direct effect. With respect tohighest indirect positive effect on adoption of recommended watermanagement practices, the key variables were utilization of informationsources, education and size of land holding, while in case of firstsubstantial effect, all above variables were important and foundaffecting through variable i.e., knowledge of recommended watermanagement practices.

10.The variables viz., education, caste, social participation, socio-economicstatus, occupation, size of land holding, cropping intensity, annualincome, economic motivation, scientific orientation, risk-preference,attitude towards PIMS, knowledge of recommended water managementpractices, contact with extension agency and utilization of informationsources were positively and significantly associated with techno-economic change. While, age and credit orientation were havingnegative and non-significant correlation with techno-economic change.Multiple regression analysis indicated that all variables exerted as muchas 73.12 per cent of total variation in techno-economic change. Theresult of stepwise regression analysis indicated that 72.12 per cent of thetotal variation in techno-economic change was accounted by a set ofthree variables viz., utilization of information sources, attitude towardsPIMS and knowledge of recommended water management practices.

11.Results of path analysis inferred that out of 15 variables analysed 9

variables exerted direct positive effect and 6 variables expressednegative direct effect. The variables viz., utilization of information

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sources, attitude towards PIMS and knowledge of recommended watermanagement practices, and showed highest positive direct effect. Withrespect to highest indirect positive effect on techno-economic change,the key variables were contact with extension agency, socio-economicstatus and annual income, while in case of first substantial effect allabove variables were important and found affecting through variableutilization of information sources.

12.The important common problems were; members did not follow thetime schedule of irrigation properly, training programme pertaining toagricultural technology and water management practices were notarranged by PIMS, improper implementation of time schedule forirrigation, inability to provide irrigation water by the PIMS at criticalstages or dry spell of rain and PIMS did not help for obtaining creditfrom any financial organizations.

13.The important suggestions offered by the beneficiary farmers were; timeschedule for irrigation should be prepared and informed timely andshould be strictly followed (88.00 per cent), masonry work, maintenanceand repairing, cleanliness work etc. should be completed in off/slackseason (82.00 per cent) and adequate and regular supply of canalirrigation water should be managed by PIMS (81.00 per cent).

Practical utility The study facilitates in knowing the characteristics, techno-economicchange and constraint faced by the beneficiary farmers which will serve aspath way for the administrator and extension agencies for planning andimplementing the participatory irrigation management through PIMSconcept. Ultimately the irrigation water could be effectively and efficientlyused by the farmers.

11 Thesis title Evaluation ofagricultural technology management agency in Gandhinagardistrict of Gujarat state

Name of student Patel V. M.Name of guide Dr. K. A. ThakkarYear 2016Conclusion 1. Slightly less than two-third of the ATMA beneficiaries belonged to

middle age group followed by young age group and old age.2. More than half of the ATMA beneficiaries were educated up to

secondary level of education followed by educated up to primary,college level of education, higher secondary level and no one wasilliterate.

3. Less than one-third of the ATMA beneficiaries were found to havemedium size of land holding followed by marginal, small, and largesize of land holding, respectively.

4. More than two-fifth of the ATMA beneficiaries belonged to high incomegroup of Rs more than two lakhs followed by medium level of incomeranging from 100001 to 200000and low level of income below Rs 100000.

5. Exactly three-fifth of the ATMA beneficiaries were found to bedependent on farming and animal husbandry followed by farming

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along with labour, farming only and farming with service and farmingalong with business as sources of income.

6. More than two-third of the ATMA beneficiaries had medium level ofexperience followed by high and low level of experience in farming.

7. Overwhelming majority of the ATMA beneficiaries had tube well as asource of irrigation.

8. Exactly two-third of the ATMA beneficiaries had cropping intensityranging from 101 to 150 per cent.

9. About two-third of the ATMA beneficiaries had medium utilization ofinformation sources followed by low and high utilization of informationsources utilized with 20.00 per cent and 16.00 per cent, respectively.

10.Majority of the ATMA beneficiaries had medium level of linkage withdevelopment agencies while one-fifth (20.00 per cent) of them had highand rest 16.00 per cent have low level of linkage with developmentagencies.

11.Majority of the ATMA beneficiaries were having medium level of massmedia exposure, followed by 22.00 per cent and 16.00 per cent with highand low level of mass media exposure.

12.More than half of the ATMA beneficiaries had medium level of socialrelationship skill followed by high and low level of social relationshipskill.

13.More than half of the ATMA beneficiaries were found to have moderaterisk preference followed by high and low risk preference.

14.Exactly three-fifth of the ATMA beneficiaries had medium level ofcosmopoliteness followed by high and low level of cosmopolite.

15.Great majority of the ATMA beneficiaries had medium level ofknowledge about recommended wheat and cotton cultivationtechnology in combined together.

16.Scale developed by the researcher to measures attitude of the ATNAbeneficiary’s farmers towards ATMA was found reliable and valid andtwenty-two statements were selected as there was strong agreement ordisagreement among the judges for selection of such statements in finalformat of the attitude scale.

17.More than two-third of the ATMA beneficiaries had favourable attitudetowards ATMA.

18.Over whelming majority of the ATMA beneficiaries took completebenefit of agricultural literature followed by farmers scientist interactionand participation in farmer field school.

19.Three-fifth of the ATMA beneficiaries had derived medium level ofderived benefits followed by high and low with 24.00 per cent and 16.00per cent respectively.

20.Overwhelming majority of the ATMA beneficiaries had medium levelof knowledge about recommended wheat cultivation technology.

21.Majority of the ATMA beneficiaries had medium level of knowledgeabout recommended cotton cultivation technology.

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22.Great majority of the ATMA beneficiaries had medium adoption levelpertaining to wheat cultivation technology.

23.More than three –fifth of the ATMA beneficiaries had mediumadoption level pertaining to cotton cultivation technology.

24.Majority of the ATMA beneficiaries were found to have medium levelof adoption about recommended wheat and cotton cultivationtechnology combined together.

25.Among the different personal, socio-economic,situational, communicational and psychological variables, variables viz.,education, size of land holding, cropping intensity, sources ofinformation utilized, linkage with development agencies, mass mediaexposure, social relationship skills, risk preference and knowledge hadexerted positive and significant correlation with attitude towardsATMA whereas age and farming experience had negative andsignificant co-relationship however, annual income, occupation,irrigation facilities and cosmopoliteness failed to show any significantin#uence for determination of attitude towards ATMA.

26.The independent variables like linkage with development agencies,mass media exposure, and occupation, education, farming experience,cosmopoliteness, land holding and risk preference of ATMAbeneficiaries to gathered contributed 81.80 per cent variation inpredicting attitude toward ATMA.

27.Linkage with development agencies of ATMA beneficiaries had exertedhighest positive direct effect on attitude toward ATMA followed by,mass media exposure, occupation and land holding whereas farmingexperience and annual income had excreted highest negative directeffect. Risk preference had exerted maximum positive indirect effectthrough linkage with development agencies and occupation Riskpreference had exerted maximum positive indirect effect through thevariables linkage with development agencies and occupation.

28.The independent variables education, size of land hoviz., lding, annualincome, cropping intensity, irrigation facilities, sources of informationutilized, linkage with development agencies, mass media exposure,social relationship skills, risk preference, cosmopoliteness, andknowledge had exerted positive and significant in#uence fordetermining benefit derived through ATMA whereas age hadestablished negative and significant co-relationship with their derivedbenefit however occupation, and farming experience failed toestablished its in#uence on derived benefit through ATMA.

29.The independent variables mass media exposure, croppingviz.,intensity, social relationship skill, sources of information utilized,knowledge, land holding and linkage with development agencies jointlyexplained 55.60 per cent variation in predicting benefit derived byATMA beneficiaries.

30.Linkage with development agencies of ATMA beneficiaries had exerted

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highest positive direct effect on extent of benefit derived whereasincome had excreted highest negative direct effect. As far as far, totalindirect effect is concerned education had exerted maximum positiveindirect effect through the variables linkage with development agenciesand knowledge.

31.The independent variables viz., education, size of land holding,irrigation facilities, cropping intensity, , sources of information utilized,linkage with development agencies, risk preference, cosmopoliteness,and knowledge had established positive and significant in#uence onadoption of recommended technologies among ATMA beneficiariesthrough whereas age had established negative and significant co-relationship however annual income, occupation, farming experience,mass media exposure and, social relationship skills failed to establishedits in#uence their effect on adoption behavior.

32.Seven independent variables source of information utilized,viz.,education, cropping intensity, occupation, risk preference, land holding,and social relationship skill had explained 61.70 per cent variationjointly in predicting adoption of recommended technology by ATMAbeneficiaries.

33.The sources of information utilized by the ATMA beneficiaries hadexerted highest positive direct effect on adoption whereas Irrigationfacilities had excreted highest negative direct effect and maximumpositive indirect effect was exerted by linkage with developmentagencies through the variables source of information utilized and riskpreference.

34.A linear and positive correlation was established among the attitudetowards ATMA, adoption behavior and benefit derived.

35.Input delivery for demonstration is not timely, farm school activities areinadequate, FIGs and CIGs is not sustainable, insufficient out stateexposure visit and tight schedule of farming were the major constraintsexperience by the ATMA beneficiaries in deriving benefits.

36.Major suggestion given by the ATMA beneficiaries farmers were: inputdelivery for demonstration should be timely, farm school activitiesshould be increased, efforts should be made to increase cohesiveness ofFIGs and CIGs, more numbers of out state exposure visit should bearranged and frequent replacement of ATMA personal should beavoided.

Practical utility This study also brings about some of the psychological blockage to bechange, which can be overcome by planned, targeted and systematicexposure. Hence, this study become useful to policy makers, administers,scientists and change agent to make prompt decisions for effective, andefficient planning for dissemination and management of agriculturaltechnologies at district level. The study facilitates in knowing thecharacteristics of the farmers which would serve as a guideline for theplanners and developmental agencies in planning and implementing

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programmes related to ATMA activities.12 Thesis title Techno-economic consequences of crop technologies among the tribal

farmers ofNAIP-IIIin Banaskantha district ofGujarat stateName of student Tunvar M. A.Name of guide Dr. K. A. ThakkarYear 2017Conclusion 1. Nearly two third (70.81 %) of the respondents belonged to young age

group and nearly one-third (37.29 %) of farmers were having secondarylevel of education. Majority (82.70 %) of the respondents had jointfamily medium family size (50.82 %). Most of them (68.64 %) werecultivating medium size of land holding and nearly half (48.64 %) ofthem had medium material possession. Nearly half (46.48 %)respondents had medium level of irrigation potentiality and nearly71.35 per cent of the farmers were having membership in oneorganisation and had medium level of social mobility. Slightly morethan half (55.68 %) the respondents had medium level ofcosmopoliteness (60.54 %), source of information utilised (60.54 %),overall modernization (58.38 %), market orientation (67.20 %),innovativeness (43.79 %) and risk preference (64.32 %).

2. So far as innovation decision process is concerned, the highest rejectionrate was observed in case of irrigation (32.97 %) followed by time ofthinning (31.05 %) and seed rate (24.87 %). Whereas, lowest rejectionwas observed in case of variety (15.13 %) followed by sowing distance(17.83 %) and use of chemical fertilizers (20.00 %).

3. Adoption of both recommended cotton technology (59.57 %) as well asmicro-irrigation technology (58.37 %) was found to be medium amongmajority farmers. Overall adoption of farm technology was alsoobserved to be medium (55.013 %).

4. Major technical change was increased extension contact (76.75 %) andmajor economic change was celebration of festivals (68.40 %) amongtribal farmers.

5. It was observed that nearly half (59.27 %) of the respondents hadmedium techno-economic change followed by 25.40 per cent with lowand 24.33 per cent with high techno-economic change.

6. The independent variables viz., education (0.4675), land holding(0.3956), material possession (0.2889), irrigation potentiality (0.3862),social participation (0.2389), social mobility (0.4857), cosmopoliteness(0.3109), sources of information (0.2441), over modernization (0.4592),market orientation (0.3304), innovativeness (0.6752), risk preference(0.3263) and knowledge (0.6472) had positively and significantrelationship with both adoption of recommended farm technology aswell as techno-economic changes. On the other hand, age hadestablished negatively significant (-0.2491) relationship only withadoption.

7. All the independent variables explained as much as 84.22 per cent of

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total variation in adoption of recommended farm technologies. Fivevariables i.e., knowledge (2.903), social participation (2.849), overallmodernization (2.468), market orientation (3.789) and innovativeness(2.440) had significantly contributed in explaining the variation inadoption of recommended farm technologies.

8. All the independent variables explained as much as 67.33 cent of totalvariation in adoption of micro-irrigation technology. Eight variables i.e.,education (3.263) social participation (2.6351), cosmopoliteness (2.7083),overall modernization (2.1568), innovativeness (2.357), risk preference(2.589), knowledge (2.672) and adoption (3.317) were significantlycontributed in explaining the variation in techno-economicdevelopment.

9. The partial regression coefficient indicated that one unit change ineducation, social participation, innovativeness and adoption wouldchange 0.330, 0.804, 0.243, 0.562 and 0.524 units in techno-economicdevelopment.

10.Thevariable, social mobility had the highest total indirect effect (0.9857)on the respondents' techno-economic development followed byinnovativeness (0.8976), adoption (0.8119). On the other hand, socialparticipation (-1.4312) had highest total indirect effect of therespondents' techno-economic development followed by materialpossession (-0.1856) and family size.

11.The major constraints faced by the respondents in adoption ofrecommended cotton technologies were difficult to control diseases ofpests (90.91 %), lack of technical knowledge about proper use ofchemicals in field (82.16 %), lack of remunerative price (80.00 %) andirregular electricity (75.68 %). In case of adoption of micro-irrigationtechnology, the major constraints were; high price (84.86 %), lack ofexperienced labour (76.75 %), parts are not locally available (69.73 %)and frequent repair of head pipe and lateral line (63.78 %).

12. The major suggestions offered by the respondent’s top overcome theconstraints in adoption of cotton technology were; training be impartedon cotton technologies (89.18 %), training required on use of plantprotection measures (76.21 %) and seed cost should be minimized (68.65%). On the other hand, to overcome constraints in adoption of micro-irrigation technology, majority farmers suggested that there is a need totrain farmers about micro-irrigation technology (90.81 %) and presentsubsidy on installation of micro-irrigation system should be increases(78.37 %) and rat proof pipe should be supplied (73.51 %).

Practical utility The study facilitates in identifying the important attributes of the tribalfarmers and techno-economic consequences observed among them. Thefinding of aspect would serve as a base for policy makers, planner andextension workers to promote various technology transfer programmes.The change agent will be able to assist the tribal farmers while takingrational decision of new idea / innovation / method by using persuasion

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and motivational techniques, stimulating interest and forming positiveattitude among the farmers toward new innovation. The knowledgeregarding difficulties expressed by the tribal farmers in adoption of newfarm technologies will serve as a guideline in modifying futureprogramme.

13 Thesis title Socio-economic impact of Mahatma Gandhi National Rural EmploymentGuarantee Act programme on beneficiaries in Banaskantha district ofGujaratstate

Name of student Parmar K. M.Name of guide Dr. M. R. Prajapati

Year 2018Conclusion 1. Majority (67.00 per cent) of the beneficiaries belonged to middle age

group, illiterate to primary level of education (72.50 per cent), nucleartype of family (78.00 per cent) with medium size of family (62.00 percent) and SC&ST categories (80.50 per cent).Majority of the beneficiaries(62.00 per cent) were found landless, 42.50 per cent of them engaged inunskilled occupation for their livelihood, earn medium income (68.00per cent) and were involvement of community work (64.00 percent). With regards to communication characteristic, majority (72.50 percent) of the beneficiaries had always contact with her/his neighbour,followed by 65.00 and 60.00 per cent of them had contacted friends andrelatives for their major source of information and had medium level ofextension participation (41.50 per cent). In caseof economic motivation(46.50 per cent), innovativeness (51.00 per cent), and level of knowledgeregarding MNREGA (63.00 per cent) were concerned, majority of themwere in medium category. Majority of the beneficiaries had moderatelyfavourable (58.00 per cent) attitude towards MNREGA.

2. Socio-economic impact of MNREGA on beneficiaries was studied interms of change in income (61.00 per cent), change in social status (55.00per cent), change in spending pattern (73.00 per cent), change inmaterial possession (45.00 per cent), change in saving habit (52.00 percent), and change in employment (58.50 per cent) was found mediumchange, respectively. It was recorded that (61.00 per cent) of thebeneficiaries belong to medium change of overall socio-economicimpact of MNREGA on beneficiaries.

3. Among fifteen independent variables viz., education, type of family, sizeof family, annual income, occupation, social participation, source ofinformation, extension participation, economic motivation,innovativeness, attitude towards MNREGA and knowledge regardingMNREGA were found to have positive and significantly correlated withoverall socio-economic impact of MNREGA on beneficiaries. On otherhand, caste and land holding of the beneficiaries was found negativeand significant association with overall socio-economic impact ofMNREGA. Remaining the variable age was failed to establish anysignificant association with overall socio-economic impact of MNREGA

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on beneficiaries.4. Multiple regression analysis exerted 68.00 per cent total variation in

socio-economic impact of MNREGA on beneficiaries by a set of 15independent variables together. Out of 15 variables, four variables viz.,education, caste, extension participation and knowledge had significantcontribution in socio-economic impact of MNREGA on beneficiaries.

5. In stepwise regression analysis 66.80 per cent of the variation wasaccounted by set variables viz., extension participation, knowledge,caste, innovativeness, education and size of family put together onsocio-economic impact of MNREGA on beneficiaries.

6. Knowledge was considered as important crucial variable as far ashighest direct positive effect was concerned. Annual income exertedlargest direct negative effect on socio-economic impact of MNREGA onbeneficiaries. Annual income exerted highest positive total indirecteffect and land holding exerted the highest negative total indirect effecton socio-economic impact of MNREGA on beneficiaries. Looking tosubstantial indirect effect, Annual income exerted the highest positiveeffect through age upon socio-economic impact of MNREGA onbeneficiaries.

7. Major constraints faced by the beneficiaries in achieving their objectiveswere; unemployment allowance is not provided in case of delay in job,employment of hundred days (per household per year) is too lees in thepresent situation, lack of medical facilities near the work site, samewage rate is given for all kind of work, regular work is not provided,wages are not provided according to Act.

8. Major suggestions given by the beneficiaries were; provision of facilitieslike medical, drinking water, toilet near the work place, provision ofcontinuum work, #exibility in schedule of working hours, timelypayment of wages, provide 100 days of work, temporary suspension ofwork during the peak agricultural season.

Practical utility Evaluation of government programmes is essential to know the reach andacceptance of the programme by the target group. In this regard, itbecomes essential to know the socio-economic impact and attitude of thebeneficiaries towards new programme. The study, vis-a-vis will throwlight on this aspect. The identified the significant role of the personal,psychological and socio-economic characteristics of the MNREGAbeneficiaries and in achieving the said target of the programme by shapingtheir socio-economic condition. The results will help to policy makers andplanners to know the extent of benefits accrued due to the programme andanalyse reasons for the success/shortcoming of the programme. The scaledeveloped to measure attitude of beneficiaries is found to be reliable andvalid, hence it may be used in future studies. Further the findings of thestudy help the better planning and implementing the MGNREGAprogramme.

14 Thesis title An impact analysis of peasantry modernization in agriculture under

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integrated tribal development project of Sabarkantha districtName of student Jatapara Alpeshkumar C.Name of guide Dr. K. A. ThakkarYear 2018Conclusion [1] The agricultural modernization scale developed and standardize was

found to be standardized and an objective valid and reliable.[2] The major indicators of the scales as found relevant by the panel of

judges were : (i) innovativeness, (ii) cosmopoliteness, (iii) extent ofutilization of mass media, (iv) cropping pattern, (v) seed selection, (vi)adoption of micro irrigation system, (vii) marketing of agriculturalproduction and dairy produce, (viii) available modern machinery andimplements, (ix) adoption of Integrated Nutrient Management, (x) useof organic fertilizers, (xi) storage facility, (xii) extent of adoption ofplant protection measures and (xiii) adoption of improved dairy

practices.[3] Majority (66.00 %) of the respondents belonged to middle age group,

little more than half (58.00 %) of the respondents were having primaryto secondary level of education, nearly three fourth (80.00 %) of therespondents were found to have marginal to small size of land holding,majority (64.00 %) of the respondents had low level of annual income,migration was observed among 41.00 per cent respondents’ family,about half (56.00 %) of the respondents were members in oneorganization followed by 23.00 per cent having membership in morethan one organization, nearly half (52.00 %) of the respondents hadmedium level of sources of information, nearly two-third (68.00 %) ofthe respondents had medium level of aspiration, about two-third (64.00%) of the respondents had medium level of economic motivation,majority of the respondents had medium level of risk orientation (62.00%) and medium scientific orientation (61.00 %), majority (66.00 %) ofthe respondents has favorable attitudes towards Integrated TribalsDevelopment Project.

[4] Majority (51.00 %) of the respondents had medium level of agriculturalmodernization followed by 29.00 per cent with low level and 20.00 percent with high level of agricultural modernization.

[5] Little more than half of the tribal farmers had medium level ofinnovativeness (54.00 %), medium level cosmopoliteness (58.00 %),medium extent of (52.00 %) utilization of mass media and mediumstorage facility (52.00 %), exactly three fifth (60.00 %) of the tribalfarmers had low level of cropping pattern and adoption of microirrigation system, nearly two third (68.00 %) of the tribal farmers hadlow level of seed selection, maximum (56.00 %) of tribal farmers hadmedium level of use of transportation facility for marketing ofagricultural production, majority (65.00 %) tribal farmers had mediumlevel of modern machinery and implements, exactly three fifth of thetribal farmers (60.00 %) had medium level of extent of adoption of

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integrated nutrient management, nearly three fourth (72.00 %) tribalfarmers had medium use of organic fertilizer, majority (64.00 %) of thetribal farmers had medium level adoption of plant protection measuresand use of improved dairy practices.

[6] Majority (52.00 %) of the respondents had medium level of socio-techno-economic change followed by 30.00 per cent with low level ofsocio-techno-economic change and 18.00 per cent with high level ofsocio-techno-economic change.

[7] Majority (64.00 %) of the respondents had low level of change inmodern technology based farm machinery as well as implements, vastmajority of the respondents had medium level of change in householditems (77.00 %), medium level of change in saving (74.50 %), mediumlevel of food habit and self-sufficiency (70.00 %), more than threefourth (64.00 %) of the respondents had medium level of change inclothing pattern, nearly three fifth of the respondents had mediumlevel of change in housing pattern (74.00 %) and medium level of

change in social status (72.00 %), about two-third (66.00 %) of therespondents had medium level of change in social relationship,majority (58.00 %) of the respondents had medium level of change inimproved technology.

[8] Six variables viz., education, annual income, economic motivation, riskorientation, scientific orientation and farmers’ attitude towardsIntegrated Tribal Development Project (ITDP) were found to bepositively and significantly related with the agricultural modernizationof the tribal farmers and their level of socio-techno-economic change.Whereas two variables viz., age and social participation were foundsignificantly, but negatively correlated with the agriculturalmodernization of the tribal farmers and their level of socio-techno-economic changes. Remaining variables viz., size of land holding,migration habit, sources of information and level of aspiration werefailed to show any significant correlation with the agriculturalmodernization of the tribal farmers and their level of socio-techno-economic change.

[9] Multiple regression analysis exerted 67.40 per cent total variation inagricultural modernization among tribal farmers was explained by aset of twelve independent variables together. Out of twelve variables,seven variables viz., age, education, social participation, sources ofinformation, economic motivation, risk orientation and scientificorientation had significant contribution inagricultural modernizationamong tribal farmers.

[10] In stepwise regression analysis 66.51 per cent of the variation wasaccounted by set variables viz., age, economic motivation, scientificorientation, social participation, education, sources of information andrisk orientation put together in agricultural modernization of the tribalfarmers.

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[11] Economic motivation had maximum positive direct effect and socialparticipation had highest negative direct effect on agriculturalmodernization of the tribal farmers. Farmers’ attitude towardsIntegrated Tribal Development Project (ITDP) had maximum positivetotal indirect effect and age had maximum negative indirect effect onagricultural modernization of the tribal farmers. So far substantialindirect effect on agricultural modernization of the tribal farmers wereconcerned, farmers’ attitude towards Integrated Tribal DevelopmentProject (ITDP) exerted highest positive effect through age.

[12] Multiple regression analysis exerted 58.26 per cent total variation insocio-techno-economic change among tribal farmers was explained bya set of twelve independent variables together. Out of twelve variables,six variables viz., education, annual income, land holding, socialparticipation, risk orientation and scientific orientation, had significantcontribution in socio-techno-economic change among tribal farmers.

[13] In stepwise regression analysis 57.30 per cent of the variation wasaccounted by set variables viz., education, land holding, annualincome, social participation, risk orientation and scientific orientation

put together in socio-techno-economic change of the tribal farmers.[14] Annual income exhibited the highest positive direct effect whereas,

land holding exerted highest negative direct effect on socio-techno-economic change. Land holding exerted the highest positive totalindirect effect and annual income exerted the highest negative totalindirect effect on socio-techno-economic change. In case of substantialindirect effect on socio-techno-economic change, land holding exertedhighest positive effect through annual income.

[15] Majority of the peasants faced the constraint about lack of marketingfacilities followed by inadequate credit facility, lack of technicalguidance, complicated loan procedure and high cost of inputs.

[16] The major suggestions endorsed by more than half of the respondentwere; more subsidies on inputs, provision of lift irrigation and wells onindividual and community basis, provision for sufficient finance forcrop loan and market facility should be available at village level.

Practical utility Despite the efforts made during the past 45 years through Tribal Sub Planapproach, the overall tribal situation has not changed much. Neither adisparity in the level of development between the tribal and non-tribal hasminimized nor has the quality of life of tribals improved. This is analarming situation for the concerned to think on the existing policies andrenew the programmes to improve the existing living standard of tribalpeasants. The present study will be of greater use to extension personnel,planners, administrators and research workers. The knowledge regardingfactors in#uencing the level of modernization of peasants will be mostuseful to the extension workers to restructure and reframe extensionapproach in right direction. The findings of this study will be more usefulto the government and non-government agencies working in tribal area to

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strengthen their development programmes for the benefits andmodernization of the tribal peasants up to the expectation.

Theme: Communication and Transfer of Technology15 Thesis title Communication linkage mechanism among research extension and client

elf system in North GujaratName of student Subhash ChandName of guide Dr. M. C. SoniYear 2007Conclusion [1] Majority of researchers possessed Ph.D. degree, more than 10 years of

experience in research. Majority of researchers having rural familybackground, farming as parental occupation, attend three or more thanthree trainings. Majority of researchers had low to medium level of jobsatisfaction, less to moderate level of job commitment and low tomedium level of communication facilities.

[2] Majority of extension personnel possessed M.Sc. (Agri.) degree, lessthan 5 years of service experience on previous post, more than 5 yearsof service experience on present position. Majority of extensionpersonnel belonged to rural family background, attended two or morethan two trainings, low to medium level of job satisfaction, less tomoderate level of job commitment and low to medium level of

communication facilities.

[3] Majority of farmers fell in low educational level category, low tomedium level of family education, social participation was almost nil,medium to low level of innovative proneness, low to medium level ofsocio-economic status, attended no training programmes and havingmedium to high level of economic motivation.

[4] The researchers used linkages through modes and sources forgeneration of farm technology. Among modes self-observation, ZREACmeeting and research material/journals were the most frequently used.As regards sources used for generation of technology by researchers,local level, state level and national level research institutes were mostlyused.

[5] Communication linkages used by researchers for transfer oftechnology to extension personnel i.e., differential use of media orchannel of communication is summarizing that ZREAC meeting,research reports, personal contacts, trainings and professional meetingswere mostly used for transfer of technology to the extension personnel.

[6] The methods/media or channels most frequently utilized byresearchers for transfer of farm technology to farmers weredemonstration, training of farmers, Kisan Mela, personal visit/farmand home visits and publications/popular articles.

[7] The extension personnel also maintained linkages through modes andsources for acquisition of farm technology. Among under, booklet onpackage of practices, staff meeting, lea#ets, pamphlets and folders and

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trainings were most frequently used for acquisition of farm technology.While, the most used sources were SDAU/DEE followed by statedepartment of agriculture for acquisition of farm technology.

[8] The most utilized methods/media or channel for transfer of farmtechnology to farmers by extension personnel were trainings offarmers, demonstrations, farm and home visit, field days’/field tripsand lea#ets, pamphlets and bulletins.

[9] The prominent modes for communication linkage mechanism offarmers for acquisition of farm technology were progressive farmers,neighbours, friends, fellow farmers, salesman/private dealers, relativesand extension personnel. Likewise, the sources such as input supplyingagencies of insecticides/seed/fertilizers, market and state agriculturaldepartment were the prominent modes.

[10] Researchers communication linkage mechanism for generation of farmtechnology had significant and positive correlation with trainingattended, job satisfaction and job commitment. The multipleregression analysis between communication linkage mechanism andindependent variables revealed that 30.10 per cent (R2) variation onlinkage use of researchers was jointly explained by these variables.

[11]The correlation analysis for researcher's independent variables withcommunication linkages used for transfer of farm technology toextension personnel revealed that only two variables viz., jobsatisfaction and job commitment had positive and significant

relationship R2 « 29.40 per cent variation is jointly explained by eightvariables.

[12]The correlation analysis for researcher's independent variables withcommunication linkages used for transfer of farm technology tofarmers revealed that only two variables viz., job satisfaction and jobcommitment were found to be positively and significantly associated.All the independent variables jointly explained 41.10 per cent variationin the communication linkage use of researchers for transfer oftechnology to farmers.

[13] The correlation analysis for extension personnel independent variableswith communication linkage mechanism used for acquisition of farmtechnology revealed that only three variables viz., training attended,job satisfaction and job commitment had positive and significantassociation. The R = 33.90 per cent variation could be explained by allthe independent variables.

[14] The correlation analysis revealed that only three variables viz., jobsatisfaction, job commitment and communication facilities hadsignificant and positive correlation with communication linkages useof extension personnel for transfer of technology to farmers. All theindependent variables jointly explained 28.10 per cent variation incommunication linkage mechanism for transfer of technology tofarmers.

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Practical utility The present study has sufficient scope to identify' the personal andinstitutional problems in maintaining proper linkages among, research,extension and farmers. Besides, the opinion and suggestions invited fromresearchers, extension personnel, administrators and farmers may be ofmuch practical significance and great value for planners, policy makers,administrators and programme executors who are at the help of attains mdeveloping a suitable strategy and for further strengthening the existingcommunication linkage mechanism. Similarly, the findings of the studyshall be of great help to professionals and student of extension education intheir day to day teaching, extension and research programmes.

16 Thesis title Perception and Expectations of the Farmers and Extension Personnelabout Transfer of Technology System in North Gujarat

Name of student Patel D. B.Name of guide Dr. K. A. ThakkarYear 2011Conclusion 1. Majority of the farmers (62.50 %) and extension personnel (71.67 %)

perceived the present transfer of technology system as useful.2. Majority (52.50 %) of the farmers were old aged with primary to

secondary education (60.80 %). In case of their reading habit, 45.00 percent of the farmers read only one publication. A large number of thefarmers (45.00 %) were untrained and majority of them (80.00 %) hadmedium annual income ranging from Rs. 68001 to 172000. More thanhalf (52.50 %) of the farmers were not members in any socialorganization. Maximum number of them (33.33 %) had medium landholding group. Majority (40.00 %) farmers were found to have medium

innovativeness. Majority (50.83%) of medium risk orientation, mediumeconomic motivation (59.17 %) and medium achievement motivation(54.17 %). Similarly, majority of them had medium level of mass mediaexposure (65.83 %) and medium extension participation (58.33 %).

3. Half (50.00 %) of the extension personnel were agricultural diplomaholders and 80.00 per cent each of them had medium service experiencewith medium level of training and their annual income was found to bemedium (78.33%). Though the large numbers of (85.00 %) of theextension personnel were the employees of Government organization,majority of them had medium job satisfaction (75.00 %) and mediumlevel of interpersonal communication (66.67 %).

4. Eight independent variables viz.; reading habit (0.3068), trainingreceived (0.3329), innovativeness (0.2927), risk orientation (0.3971),economic motivation (0.3786), achievement motivation (0.4480), massmedia exposure (0.4769) and extension participation (0.2976) were foundhaving significant and positive relationship with farmers’ perceptionabout usefulness of transfer of technology system at 0.01 level ofsignificance.

5. In case of extension personnel, three independent variables viz.; trainingreceived (0.3123), job satisfaction (0.4223) and interpersonal

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communication (0.2544) had significant and positive relationship withtheir perception about usefulness of transfer of technology system.

6. All the 13 independent variables together explained 44.79 per cent totalvariation in farmers’ perception about usefulness of transfer oftechnology system.

7. Total 24.14 per cent variation in extension personnel’s perception aboutusefulness of transfer of technology system was explained by a set of 7independent variables together.

8. The results of step-wise multiple regression analysis indicated that massmedia exposure alone accounted 22.75 per cent variation in farmers’perception.

9. On the basis of the results of step-wise multiple regression analysis, onlyone variable viz.; job satisfaction was having significant contribution(17.83%) in the extension personnel’s perception.

10.Path analysis indicated that mass media exposure had exerted thehighest positive direct effect (0.3124), training received had exerted thehighest total indirect effect (0.3089) and mass media exposure hadexerted the highest positive first substantial indirect effect (0.3124) onfarmers’ perception about transfer of technology system.

11.Job satisfaction had exerted the highest positive direct effect (0.3536), onthe other hand training received had highest total indirect effect (0.1822)and job satisfaction had exerted highest positive first substantial indirecteffect (0.3536) on extension personnel’s perception about transfer oftechnology system.

12.The important shortfalls as perceived by the farmers were: Insufficientprices of the production, high labour cost and unavailability of theservices of VEWs as and when required.

13.The important shortfalls as perceived by the extension personnel inpresent transfer of technology system were; No diffusion of messagesfrom contact farmers to fellow farmers, lack of the best use ofinformation technology such as internet, fax etc. and larger area ofjurisdiction for work to VEWs.

14.The major expectations of the farmers to overcome the shortfalls inpresent transfer of technology system were: Providing technology as perthe resources availability with the farmers, group demand shall beconsidered while offering the technology and make the necessaryarrangement for relevant input supply be made.

15.The major expectations of the extension personnel were; Fixing acommon place and time to visit the contact farmers of similar farmingsituation, for every village, one village extension worker at one villageand training imparted by SMS shall be recent and need based.

Practical utility There are limited options to achieve more agricultural production becausearea under agriculture cannot be increased further. Increase in agriculturalproduction would have to be necessity obtained by appropriateagricultural technology and its speedy transfer to the farmers through

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efficient transfer of technology system. In present context of globalizationand liberalization a shift is taking place in agriculture from moresubsistence to commercial level. The liberalization of Indian economymade farmers to compete at interaction level. The ecological unbalancingresulted in to change in agricultural situation. The developed scales maybe administered to any categories of farmers and extension personnel withdue modification to measure their perception about usefulness of presenttransfer of technology system. The researchers in future can use this scalein their study.

17 Thesis title Backward and forward linkage of pomegranate production in NorthGujarat

Name of student Patel J. R.Name of guide Dr. A. J. PatelYear 2015Conclusion [1] Less than half of the pomegranate growers belonged to middle age

group and were having primary level to high school level education.Nearly two third of the pomegranate growers had semi medium tomedium land holding and majority of pomegranate growers hadmedium orchard size. More than two third of the pomegranate growershad medium annual income. All pomegranate growers were using dripirrigation system. With regard to different communicationalcharacteristics viz., extension contact and source of information majorityof the pomegranate growers were found in medium category. Whereas,regarding psychological characteristics majority of the pomegranategrowers regarding the risk preference, decision making ability andmanagement orientation were found in medium category.

[2] Majority of pomegranate growers were having medium level ofadoption of recommended pomegranate cultivation practices.

[3] Backward and forward linkages.

3.1 Backward linkagesThe information on layout and land preparation, more than two

third of pomegranate growers had linkage with fellow farmers, forinformation on nutrient management, more than fifty percent ofpomegranate growers had linkage with SDAU scientists, less than twothird of pomegranate growers had linkage with fellow farmersregarding irrigation management, for information on plant protection,majority of the pomegranate growers had linkage with fellow farmers.

The majority of pomegranate growers had linkage regardingprocure grafts from private companies for planting, for procurement ofthe inputs like, nutrients (NPK) and plant protection chemicals all of thepomegranate growers had linkage with input dealers, For organicfertilizers (FYM), more than half of pomegranate growers had linkagewith fellow farmers for bio fertilizers, small number of pomegranategrowers had linkage with input dealers, With respect to growthhormones, a meager of pomegranate growers had linkage with input

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dealers.All pomegranate growers had linkage with department of

horticulture for orchard establishment, for purchase of inputs forpomegranate cultivation, more than half of the pomegranate growershad linkage with cooperative banks and nationalize banks, for labourpayments and harvesting and marketing, all pomegranate growers usedtheir own savings and for creation of water source for pomegranateorchard, majority of pomegranate growers used their own savings

3.2 Forward linkagesOne fourth of pomegranate growers had linkage with fellow farmersfor information regarding maturity for harvesting, nearly one sixth ofthe pomegranate growers had linkage with fellow farmers regardingtime of harvesting, less than fifty percent of the pomegranate growershad linkage with fellow farmers regarding harvesting duration andgrading.

Majority of pomegranate growers had linkage with fellowfarmers regarding place of marketing and kind of products, more thanhalf of the pomegranate growers had linkage with fellow farmers forprice and nearly half of pomegranate growers had linkage with fellowfarmer for time of maturity.

[4] There was significant difference in the adoption index between small,medium and big pomegranate growers.

[5] It was evident from the table that there was significant difference in thelinkages index between small, medium and big pomegranate growers.

[6] The independent variables educviz., ation, land holding, orchard size,extension contact, source of information, risk preference, decisionmaking ability and management orientation had positive and significantrelationship with the extent of adoption.

[7] Multiple regression analysis indicated that all variables exerted as muchas 64.44 per cent of total variation in adoption of pomegranatecultivation practices. The results of Step-wise regression analysis

indicated that 62.40 per cent of the total variation in adoption wasaccounted by a set of four variables extension contact, decisionviz.,making ability, source of information and annual income.

[8] The independent variables education, land holding, orchard size,viz.,extension contact, source of information, risk preference and decisionmaking ability had positive and significant relationship with thelinkages.

[9] Multiple regression analysis indicated that all variables exerted as muchas 57.70 per cent of total variation in linkages. The results of Step-wiseregression analysis indicated that 75.20 per cent of the total variation inlinkages was accounted by a set of five variables decision makingviz.,ability, source of information, management orientation, extensioncontact and Land holding.

[10] The major constraints in pomegranate production were unavailability

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of skilled labours of input constraints, high rate of labours wage ofeconomic constraints, lack of knowledge about Bahar treatmentregarding technical constraints, lack of availability of literature in locallanguage regarding extension constraints and #uctuation in the pricesof fruits regarding marketing constraints.

[11] The major suggestions expressed by the majority of the pomegranategrowers to overcome the constraints were skilled labour should bemade available in required time at reasonable wages, the co-operativeinstitutions and banks should provide loan in time. Chemical fertilizersshould be made available in time and timely information aboutpomegranate prices should be made available.

Practical utility This study is a pioneering one of its kind and aims to identify thefunctional linkage of pomegranate growers with different systemsinvolved in the transfer of pomegranate technology. The study providesbackward and forward linkages of production adopted by pomegranategrowers. It brings to limelight the types and purpose of linkage withdifferent organizations and source for pomegranate production andmarketing. The identified components would greatly help theadministrators and policy makers to strength the relevant research,extension and client system for pomegranate production. The study underreport would be of great importance to the extension agencies instrengthening their present efforts in dissemination of scientifictechnology.Research workers can revise their present research agenda accordingly.

Theme: Organization and Management18 Thesis title A study on role performance and role perception of women sarpanches in

Sabarkantha district of Gujarat stateName of student J. J. MistryName of guide Dr. M. C. SoniYear 2009Conclusion The important findings of the study were as under:

1. Majority of women sarpanches (62.50 per cent) were of middle agegroup, belonged to lower caste (36.25 per cent) with small family (63.75

per cent) and having education up to primary level (47.50 per cent).2. Majority of women sarpanches (76.25 per cent) had medium urban

contact as well as political contact (70.00 per cent). The occupation ofmajority of respondents (81.25 per cent) was agriculture with animalhusbandry with medium annual income (55.00 per cent) having landholding (56.25 per cent) above 3.0 ha.

3. Majority of women sarpanches had medium level of extensionparticipation (57.50 per cent), exposure to mass media (56.25 per cent)and social participation (52.50 per cent).

4. More than one-third women sarpanches’ husband (37.66 per cent) hadcollege education.

5. More than one-third women sarpanches (35.00 per cent) had received

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special leadership training.6. The majority’ of women sarpanches (63.75 per cent) had medium level

of role perception as opined by themselves.7. The majority of women sarpanches had medium level of role

performance as opined by themselves (71.25 per cent), opined by malemembers (73.25 per cent) as well as opinion of female members (72.50per cent).

8. The majority of women sarpanches had medium level of role perceptionas well as role performance in their roles of initiator, executor, planner,group organizer and decision maker.

9. There was positive and significant relationship between womensarpanches’ education, education of women sarpanches’ husband, socialparticipation, training received, urban contact, extension participation,exposure to mass media and political contact and their role perceptionas well as role performance.

10. The variables viz., extension participation, education, age, trainingreceived, occupation had jointly contributed 42.45 per cent of variationin role perception while the variables education, extensionviz.,participation, occupation and caste had jointly contributed 32.82 percent of variation in role performance of women sarpanches.

11. Extension participation and education had exerted maximum direct aswell as indirect effect on role perception and role performance,respectively.

12. The most important constraints experienced by women sarpancheswere; lack of fund from government, lack of knowledge regardingPanchayati Raj System and delay in sanctions and permission fordevelopment work from upper level.

13. The major suggestions offered by women sarpanches were; financialgrant should be increased, increase the knowledge of womensarpanches through training and office procedure should be quick, easyand in time.

Practical utility The findings may also provide background for conducting effective andmeaningful training programmes for women representative of villagepanchayats. Based on constraints of women Sarpanches, the existingpolicies and procedures can be modified by the departments. The results of

this study may be useful to the planners, administrators, extensionists anddistrict level functionaries to emphasis their efforts in developing humanresources.

19 Thesis title Privatization ofextension services as perceived by the farmers, researchers

and extension workers of North GujaratName of student Patel K. S.Name of guide Dr. K. A. ThakkarYear 2011Conclusion 1. Majority of the farmers were of old age (48.57 per cent), having

education up to secondary level (51.10 per cent), cultivating small to

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medium land holding (47.62 per cent), earning and income (69.52 percent) medium income. They had medium to high farming experience(87.62 per cent).

2. In case of farmers, so far extension participation (71.43 per cent), sourcesof information (69.71 per cent), interpersonal communication (75.00 percent), decision making ability (62.86 per cent), management orientation(65.00 per cent), economic orientation (66.67 per cent) and scientificorientation (66.67 per cent) were concerned, majority of them were inmedium category.

3. In case of researchers (63.33 per cent) and extension workers(51.67 per cent), majority were of old age with high experience.They received medium to high training. Their interpersonalcommunication and job involvement was found to be medium.They faced medium job stress and possess medium attitude towardextension work. Majority of the researchers had introvert (56.65 percent) personality, whereas, majority extension worker had extrovert(51.57 per cent) personality.

4. Cent per cent respondents reported that information on landpreparation, availability of seeds, irrigation management, integratedpest management, harvesting symptoms, storage and value additionwere the effective amicable castor technologies rendered by privateextension services.

5. Cent per cent respondents reported that information on financialaid/loan, seedling, selection, time and method of planting, availabilityof seedling and its treatments, availability of farm yardmanures/chemical fertilizers/micronutrients, availability of irrigationwater, integrated pest management, availability of plant protectionequipment’s, grading and selling/storage/transportation wereconsidered as amicable Kagazi lime technologies rendered by privateextension services.

6. In case of dairy technology, cent per cent respondents reported thatinformation on selection of animals, improved breeds of animals,availability of fodder/feeds, animal shed construction, availability ofveterinary services, availability of milking equipment’s services in milkmarketing were reported as amicable dairy technologies rendered byprivate extension services.

7. Majority of the farmers, researchers and extension workers possessed

favourable perception, attitude and opinion regarding privatization ofextension services.

8. Education, farming experience, annual income, extension participation,sources of information and scientific orientation of the farmers werefound positively and significantly correlated with their perceptionabout privatization of extension services.

9. Academic qualification, total experience, training received, annualincome and interpersonal communication of the researchers were found

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positively and significantly correlated with their perception aboutprivatization of extension services perceived by the researchers.

10.In the case of extension workers, academic qualification, totalexperience and training received were found positively andsignificantly correlated with their perception about privatization ofextension services.

11.Education, farming experience, extension participation and scientificorientation of the farmers were found positively and significantlycorrelated with their opinion regarding privatization of extensionservices.

12.Academic qualification, training received nature of mother organizationand interpersonal communication were found positive and significantcorrelated with their opinion regarding privatization of extensionservices.

13.In case of extension workers, only service experience was foundpositively and significantly correlated with their opinion, whereas,training received was found negative and significant correlated withtheir opinion toward privatization of extension services.

14.Education, extension participation and scientific orientation of thefarmers were found positive and significant correlated with theirattitude toward privatization of extension services.

15.In case of the researchers, the variables viz., academic qualification,service experience training received and interpersonal communicationwere found positive and significant correlated with their attitudetoward privatization of extension services.

16.In case of the extension workers, academic qualification, serviceexperience and annual income were found positive and significantcorrelated with their attitude toward privatization of extension services.

17.Multiple regression analysis indicated that all the variables exerted asmuch as 32.67, 44.56 and 40.64 per cent total variation in the perceptionof the farmers, researchers and extension workers toward privatizationof extension services, respectively.

18.Looking to opinion, multiple regression analysis indicated that allvariables exerted as much as 20.00, 28.54 and 22.50 per cent of totalvariation in the opinion of farmers, researchers and extension workers,respectively.

19.In case of attitude, all the variables exerted as much as 26.75, 39.59 and32.10 per cent variation was exerted by all the variables in case of thefarmers, researchers and extension

Practical utility The present study will be useful to researchers, extension workers,planners and administrators of private as well as public sector extensionmachineries. The findings, technologies and services amicable forprivatization in the selected enterprise will certainly be of much help torecognise the presence of private sector. Secondly, the perception, attitudeand opinion of farmers, researcher and extension workers regarding

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privatization of extension services will be most useful to the public andprivate sectors to restructure and resume their services and approaches inright direction. These facts will force the extension work to bring muchcloser to the farmers which will ultimately benefit to the farmingcommunity to their expectation.

20 Thesis title Perception of the members toward professionalism of co-operative sectorsin North Gujarat

Name of student Patel G. R.Name of guide Dr. M. C. SoniYear 2011Conclusion 1. Maximum respondents (44.50 per cent) possessed highest numbers of

membership in agricultural co-operative societies and got first rankfollowed by dairy (38.50 per cent) under study area.

2. Majority of the respondents (76.00 per cent) stated that they join theco-operative societies as, it is easy to get loan and was ranked first.

3. The majority of the farmers (63.00 per cent) and more than two-fifthof the office-bearers (46.66 per cent) and governing body (45.00 per cent)had perceived average level of perception toward professionalism in co-operative sectors.

4. More than half of the respondents (52.50 per cent) had moderate level ofgroup cohesiveness.

5. The variables viz., age, education, occupation, family type,family size,land holding, attitude towards co-operative society, attitude towardsother members of the co-operative society, perceived benefits ofco-operative societies, group motivation were found positive andsignificant relationship with perception. While, annual income andknowledge about principles of co-operationwere found negativelysignificant relationship with perception.

6. Five variables viz., attitude towards cooperative society, knowledgeabout principles of co-operation, group motivation, occupation andattitude towards other members of the society were accountingin#uence on the perception about extent of professionalism in co-operative sector.

7. Knowledge about principles of co-operation exerted the highest positivedirect effect, while, faith in people exerted the highest positive totalindirect effect and knowledge about principles of co-operation alsoexerted the highest substantial indirect effect of professionalism throughgroup motivation.

8. According to the results of path analysis, some of the factors likeknowledge about principles of co-operation, perceived benefits ofco-operatives, group motivation, attitude towards other members of

the society, herd size, group cohesiveness, attitude towards theirco-operative society and faith in people had great in#uence on the levelof the perception of professionalism.

Strategy for achieving professionalism in co-operative sectors

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Keeping in mind above findings and some verbal suggestionsexpressed by the respondents an extension strategy is suggested for betterperception of professionalism in co-operative sector of North Gujarat.1. The lukewarm attitude towards professionalism should be

avoided through dissemination of full information regardingprofessionalism;

2. The specialized institutes of training for co-operatives haveimmense contribution to make towards providing a boost toprofessionalism;

3. The person with high education shall be motivated to become themembers of society. Similarly, marginal farmers shall also be motivatedto be the members;

4. Ways have to be devised to retain best talent in the co-operative sector.They should be motivated to specialize in specific fields ofco-operatives;

5. Co-operative values and principles should not be discarded. It shouldgive prime importance. The training component must structure aroundthese factors;

6. Appropriate mechanisms should be introduced which encourage andpermit active involvement and participation of members in the affairs ofco-operative;

7. Sound information technology has been catapulted to the center stage ofprofessionalism;

8. The autonomous forum should review, analyse, debate, discuss andevaluate the ongoing policies and programmes of co-operation;

9. Common understanding regarding basic principles of co-operation andits utility in professionalism;

10.Common perception regarding benefits of co-operatives and itsprofessionalism shall be developed among members;

11.Positive attitude towards other members of co-operative societies andits professionalism; and

12.High group cohesiveness among the members.Practical utility It is hoped that the finding of this study will be useful to the extension

agencies in modifying and qualifying their ways of educating farmers byknowing the important factors that in#uenced the extent ofprofessionalism in management of cooperative sector. This study will alsohelp in giving insight as to what improvement is needed in theprofessionalism in management of cooperative sectors. The finding willserve as guideline for the extension agencies in planning andimplementing various development through co-operative sectors.

21 Thesis title Job stress among women employees of SAUs of Gujarat and Rajasthanstates

Name of student Joshi K. M.

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Name of guide Dr. M. R. PrajapatiYear 2012Conclusion 1. Nearly half (50.63 %) of the respondent were in middle age group, 75.00

per cent of them performed their job in urban area. Majority of themwere married and had nuclear family. Nearly two-third (61.25 %) of therespondents belonged to small family having four members in theirfamilies. Equal number (37.00 %) of the family members of therespondents was having low prestigious occupation and prestigiousoccupation, with an annual income of Rs. 250000/- and annualexpenditure (49.38 %) ranging from Rs. 100001/- to Rs. 150000/-.

2. In case of education, 77.50 per cent of the respondents were educated upto higher secondary to graduates and postgraduates and 37.50per cent of the respondents belonged to class-III cadre. Slight more thanhalf (56.25 %) of the respondents had medium job experience. So fartraining received by the respondents is concerned, 56.25 per cent of therespondents received less training.

3. Nearly half (55.00 %) of the respondents had medium self-confidence.Two-third (70.00 %) respondents exhibited extrovert personality. Agreat majority (90.25 %) of the respondents had perceived low tomedium level of departmental climate. Sixty per cent of the respondentshad medium level of interpersonal communication.

4. Equal number (20.00 %) of the respondents was performing the job ofteaching and accounting.

5. Slightly more than half of the respondents (55.00 %) fell under mediumcategory of job stress, followed by low (35.60 %) and high (9.40 %)categories.

6. Out of 16 variables, except five variables viz., work place, family size,family type, family occupation and annual expenditure all the variableswere found having significant and positive relationship withrespondents’ job stress.

7. All the 16 independent variables together explained 67.32 per centtotal variation in job stress.

8. The results of step-wise multiple regression analysis indicated that sevenvariables viz., marital status, annual income, service cadre, jobexperience, self-confidence, departmental climate and interpersonalcommunication put together explained as much as 62.58 per cent of totalvariation in the respondents’ job stress.

9. The stepwise regression analysis that 62.00 per cent of the variationwas accounted by service cadre (X10), job experience (X11), annualincome (X7), interpersonal communication (X16), marital status (X3),departmental climate (X15) put together on job stress.

10. Path analysis indicated that mass media exposure had exerted thehighest positive direct effect (0.3124), training received had exerted thehighest total indirect effect (0.3089) and mass media exposure hadexerted the highest positive first substantial indirect effect (0.3124) on

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respondents’ job stress.11. Departmental climate exerted the highest positive direct effect on job

stress of women employees. Service cadre exerted the highest positivetotal indirect effect. Departmental climate was seen to have the highestpositive first substantial indirect effect on respondents’ job stress.

12. The important consequences as perceived by the women employeeswere: con#ict with seniors, con#ict with co-workers, job dissatisfaction,avoids taking extra work, poor decision making ability, disturbance insleep and decreasing in self-confidence.

13. The important suggestions (personal coping mechanisms) as given andpracticed by the women employees to reduce their job stress were:watching T.V., seeking social support from friends, planning inadvance, learn to make compromise with every situation and seekingsocial support from family members.

14. The important organizational coping mechanisms as given by thewomen employees to reduce their job stress were: work scheduleshould be #exible, stress management training programme should beconducted for employees by organization, timely disposal of work,every employee should be seen with equal value and attractive systemof reward and recognition of good work.

Practical utility The study would also help us to know the facilities available in the presentorganization. This kind of research may help to trace out more efficientmanagement and coordination of employees. The results of this researchcould also help to authority of agricultural university in order to designingmore effective solutions to reduce the job stress and also to provide thefacilities that are needed by employees. The developed scales may beadministered to any categories to measure their job stress with necessarymodification. The study will helpful in organization for stressmanagement.

Theme: Entrepreneurship22 Thesis title Entrepreneurial behaviour of cumin growers of North Gujarat

Name of student Patel Bhailalbhai KashiramName of guide Dr. M. C. SoniYear 2006Conclusion [1] The major indicators of the entrepreneurial behaviour scale of cumin

growers as found relevant by the panel of judges in descending orderwere decision making ability, knowledge of improved cumintechnology, economic motivation, market orientation, risk takingability, scientific orientation, self-confidence, ability to co-ordinateavailable resources, experience of cumin cultivation and achievementmotivation.

[2] The entrepreneurial behaviour of the majority (76.67 %) of cumingrowers under study was found predominantly medium.

[3] The majority of the respondents were above 36 years of age, literate,

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middle caste having more than five members and equally belong tojoint and nuclear families.

[4] It was found that about 70.01 per cent of the respondents hadsemi-medium to medium size of land holding, all of them (100.00 %)had more than one occupation, most of them (95.42 %) had medium to

high annual income and majority of them (87.08 %) were involved invarious social participation.

[5] The majority (81.25 %) of the cumin cultivators had medium to highlevel cumin cultivation area and more than three-fourth (78.75 %) ofthem had medium to high irrigation potentiality with majority (87.09%) of them had medium to high level cropping intensity.

[6] It was observed their major sources of information were neighbours,self experience, service co-operative society, relatives, friends,fertilizers depot, television and newspapers. More than two thirds(72.08 %) of them had medium level of extension participation andmore than two-third (70.00 %) of them had medium level overallmodernization.

[7] It was found that independent variables, viz., annual income, landholding, cumin cultivation area, overall modernization, age,occupation, social participation, sources of information, education,extension participation and caste had positive and significantassociation with the entrepreneurial behaviour of cumin growers.

[8] The results of multiple regression analysis, it was found that all theindependent variable explained 20.38 per cent of total variation inentrepreneurial behaviour of cumin growers. It was also revealed thatthe 't' value of variables viz., occupation and source of informationwere significant at 0.05 level of significance. The results of step-wiseregression analysis showed that 16.96 per cent variation inentrepreneurial behaviour was accounted by annual income, age,overall modernization, source of information and occupation puttogether.

[9] Based on path analysis inferred that land holding, overallmodernization, occupation, age and source of information hadexhibited the highest positive direct effects. While cumin cultivationarea, annual income, family size, education, caste, land holding, overallmodernization and cropping intensity had exhibited the highestpositive indirect effect. The indirect substantial effect (first t) ofage, education, annual income, social participation, cumin cultivationarea and overall modernization were routed through land holdingwhereas, caste, land holding, irrigation potentiality, sources ofinformation were routed through overall modernization.

[10] It was found that the extent of adoption of the specific practices ofcumin cultivation was medium to high among majority (84.58 %) of thecumin growers and was found positively and significantly associatedwith entrepreneurial behaviour.

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[11] The important suggestion endorsed by the cumin growers to overcomethe main constraints were providing of agricultural technicalinformation in time, cumin support price sure on the basis of thefarmers experience, providing pure certified seed and inputs at lowercost and with subsidized rate to the farmers. The suggestions endorsedby cumin growers to evolve the entrepreneurship systematically were,imparting training on entrepreneurship development through the StateGovernment institution.

Practical utility The measurement of entrepreneurial behaviour is essential in planning andimplementing the various developments or departmental programme. Thepresent study will facilitate in measuring entrepreneurial behaviour ofcumin growers by providing reliable tool. The findings will be useful toextension workers to restructure and reframe extension approaches in theright direction, handy measure in determining the impact of variousdevelopment programmes. For planner and administrator, it will be usefulfor planning and implementing their development programme. The studywill also be useful for moneylenders and banking institutions for avoidingdilemma and put the trust on cumin growers.

23 Thesis title Entrepreneurial behaviour of dairy farmers in North GujaratName of student Chaudhary K. L.Name of guide Dr. M. R. PrajapatiYear 2017Conclusion Findings regarding independent variable indicated that slightly less than

half (46.00 per cent) of the dairy farmers belonged to middle age, followedby young age group (33.50 per cent), had primary (34.00 per cent) andsecondary school (30.50 per cent) education, had medium (51.50 per cent)level of dairy farming experience and 61.00 per cent of the dairy farmersbelonged to OBC category.

More than half (56.00 per cent) of dairy farmers had medium size offamily, whereas 48.00 per cent of dairy farmers had medium and small(21.00 per cent) land holdings, had medium (85.00 per cent) level of annualfamily income, 80.00 per cent of dairy farmers had medium income fromdairy enterprise group between Rs. 76,501 to Rs.3,73,000, less than half(47.00 per cent) of the dairy farmers had medium herd size in between 11to 20 animals, majority (64.00 per cent) of the dairy farmers had usetelevision as a regular source of mass media exposure, majority (51.50 percent) of the dairy farmers had occasionally participation in Krishi mela and72.00 per cent possess moderate favourable attitude towardsentrepreneurial behaviour. While, 67.50 per cent of dairy farmers hadmedium level of adoption of animal husbandry practices.

In case of indicators of the entrepreneurial behaviour results showedthat over whelming majority of the dairy farmers found agreed upon thestatements namely; with the most successful dairy farmer is one, whoretains the maximum profit (94.50 per cent), farmers had independentlydecision related to milk selling (93.00 per cent), sell the milk in co-operative

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society (92.50 per cent) and know about use of artificial inseminationpractices in dairy farming (88.00 per cent), respectively. A majority of thedairy farmers shown their agreeableness regarding the statements like;with one may succeed in occupation even if one has to neglect his family(75.50 per cent), dairy farmers always take greater risk than the averagefarmers (74.50 per cent), always response regarding village people regardyou as good source of information on new dairy practice (71.50 per cent),with even a dairy entrepreneur with lots of experience should use newmethods of dairying (71.50 per cent), good impression can be made on

extension officer through good dairy keeping (70.50 per cent), awarenessabout calving a cow / buffalo should be inseminated between 60 and 90days, if it comes in regular and normal heat (70.50 per cent) and hisenough faith in themselves to make profit in dairy enterprise (67.00 percent), respectively. Nearly half (49.50 per cent) of the dairy farmers hadagreed before selecting site for dairy farm, one should have to know priceof land, availability of feed, fodder and labours. In case of overallentrepreneurial behaviour majority (74.50 per cent) of the dairy farmerswere found having medium level.

Analysis of correlation coefficient indicated that among the 13 selectedvariables of the dairy farmers of the study, nine variables had establishedpositive and one had negative and significantly correlation with theirentrepreneurial behaviour. Those independent variables that had positiveand significant relationship were education, caste, land holding, annualfamily income, annual income from dairy enterprise, mass mediaexposure, extension participation, attitude towards co-operative dairy andadoption. Dairy experience of the dairy farmer was found negatively andsignificantly correlated. Age of dairy farmers failed to show any significantrelationship with their entrepreneurial behaviour. Rest variables viz.,family size and herd size of dairy farmers was found to be negatively andnon-significantly correlated.

The results of multiple regression analysis indicated that 60.20 per centof total variation in respondents’ entrepreneurial behaviour was explainedby a set of 13 independent variables together. Out of 13 variables, sevenvariables viz., age, education, dairy farming experience, caste, landholding, annual family income and adoption had significant contributionin respondents’ entrepreneurial behaviour.

The results of stepwise regression analysis indicated that annualfamily income alone accounted 25.20 per cent variation in respondents’entrepreneurial behaviour.

Age was considered as important crucial variables as far as directpositive effect was concerned. Herd size (-0.5274) exerted largest directnegative effect towards entrepreneurial behaviour of dairy farmers. Herdsize exerted the highest positive total indirect effect and annual familyincome from dairy enterprise exerted the highest negative total indirecteffect on dairy farmers entrepreneurial behaviour. Looking to substantial

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indirect effect, dairy farming experience exerted the highest positive effectthrough age upon dairy farmers entrepreneurial behaviour. Importantconstraints in dairy enterprise observed were high price of milch animals,non-availability of remunerative prices of milk and milk products, no extraincentives for clean milk production, lack of supply of high yielding cows,lack of technical know-how about feeding and non-availability of goodquality concentrate for high yielders.

Provision of remunerative price for milk through co-operative,concentrate feed should be made available at subsidized or reduced rate,provision for timely and easy availability of sufficient loan for purchase ofhigh yielding animals and inputs at affordable interest rate, dairy farmers

should be motivated for clean milk production and provisions should bemade for regular training to farmers to overcome the constraints inoperating dairy enterprise.

Practical utility It will provide useful insight to identify and manipulate the importanttraits that are significantly related with the entrepreneurial behaviour thereby leading towards better entrepreneurial behaviour of dairy farmers. Thestudy facilitates in the characteristics of the dairy farmers which wouldserve as a guideline for planner and development agencies in planning andimplementing programme related to entrepreneurial activities.

24 Thesis title Entrepreneurial behaviour of members of Farmer Producers’Organizations of Pune district in Maharashtra

Name of student Khandave S. S.Name of guide Dr. M. R. PrajapatiYear 2018Conclusion The results regarding main indicators of entrepreneurial behaviour

revealed that majority of the members were found in medium to high levelcategories with respect to all the main indicators selfviz., -confidence,scientific orientation, economic motivation, risk orientation,innovativeness, achievement motivation, market orientation, decisionmaking ability, planning ability, communication skills, indicatingimportance of all the indicators in contributing entrepreneurial behaviour.

Findings regarding independent variables indicated that more thantwo fifth (44.00 per cent) of the member farmers were belonged to middleage group, 42.00 per cent of respondents had completed graduation andpost-graduation degree, nearly half (48.00 per cent) of the members areengaged in only farming. Two fifth (40.00) and slightly more than two fifth(43.50 per cent) of the respondents had marginal and small land holdingrespectively and slightly more than half (52.00 per cent) of the respondentshad medium annual income. More than half (56.50 per cent) of themembers availed low credit for purchase of inputs, more than half (59.00per cent) of the respondents stated medium market distance (27-67 km)from collection centre. More than one forth (28.50) of the farmers hadadopted ridges and furrows + drip method of irrigation and more than twothird (71.00 per cent) followed leafy-fruit vegetables-cole crops-groundnut

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cropping pattern with first rank. Two third of the members (66.50 per cent)had medium level of knowledge about functioning of producers’organisation, more than three fifth (64.00 per cent) of the farmers hadmoderately favourable attitude towards organization. Majority (65.00 percent) of the members had used medium extent of formal, informal andmass media sources. More than half (54.00 per cent) of the respondents hadmedium extension participation.

The results of correlation analysis revealed that education,occupation, social participation, annual income, knowledge, attitude,sources of information and extension participation had exerted positiveand significant correlation with entrepreneurial behaviour whereas, agehad negative and significant relationship with entrepreneurial behaviour,situational variables failed to establish correlation with entrepreneurial

behaviour.The results of multiple regression analysis indicated that 77.30 per

cent total variation in the entrepreneurial behaviour of members wasexplained by 14 independent variables together among which age,education, knowledge and attitude had significant contribution inrespondents’ entrepreneurial behaviour.

The results of step-wise regression analysis revealed that variableknowledge alone accounted 63.68 per cent variation however knowledge,attitude, age, education, social participation, annual income altogetheraccounted 76.56 per cent variation in entrepreneurial behaviour of farmers.Knowledge had exerted the highest positive direct effect onentrepreneurial behaviour, extension participation had highest totalindirect effect while education was seen to have the highest positive firstsubstantial indirect effect on entrepreneurial behaviour. Overwhelmingmajority (84.00 per cent) of the respondents had facilitated for participatingin various extension activities followed by timely payment after sale ofproduce through organization however three forth (75.00 per cent)expressed that latest agricultural information, guidance on crop planning,plant protection, grading, packaging was provided by the organization,more than two third (72.00 per cent) received better profit margin throughcollective sale of produce and one third received timely and good qualityinputs through the organisation. Backward linkages developed mostlywith input agencies for purchase of inputs seed and seedlings (20.00viz.,per cent), fertilizers (24.00 per cent), plant protection chemicals (31.00 percent), equipment’s and machinery (42.00 per cent). For adoption ofimproved varieties, 41.00 per cent and 36.00 per cent had developedlinkage with university scientists and KVK scientists, respectively. Fortaking loan, linkages developed with co-operative societies followed bycooperative bank and for insurance, farmers had linked with agriculturedepartment. Forward linkages developed with private storage centres(24.00 per cent) followed by private processing company (31.00 per cent)and marketing board (28.00 per cent).

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The important constraints observed were lack of share capital of anorganisation, lack of guidance and support from resource institution, lackof co-ordination and managerial skills among the board of directors.

The important suggestions given by the farmers were provision ofadequate finance in initial stage of development by bank, organizationshould be exempted from income tax for first three years, resourceinstitutions should assist the BOD in availing finance, strengtheninginfrastructure facilities of organization

Practical utility The study facilitates in knowing the functioning pattern services availed byFPO their constraintsin running FPO was the focus of the study wouldserve as a guideline for planners and development agencies in planningand implementing programme related to FPOs.

Theme: Special Area25 Thesis title Socio-economic and motivational factors encouraging organic farming in

North GujaratName of student Patel Vishnubhai T.Name of guide Dr. K. A. ThakkarYear 2006Conclusion [1] The comparative analysis of the characteristics of the farmers showed

that organic and conventional farmers significantly differ in education,organic farming experience, social participation, innovation proneness,economic motivation and attitudes towards organic farming.

[2] The important motivational factors behind shift towards organicfarming were; maintaining soil fertility (86.66 %), improving soil health(75.55 %), costly conventional inputs (72.22 %), more net return (61.11%), free from toxic chemicals (80.00 %), antipathy to chemicals (74.44%), dissatisfaction from conventional farming (66.66 %), farm literature(63.33 %) and NGO (80.00 %) & organic farmer meet (74.44 %).

[3] In case of farmer’s attitude towards organic farming all most all organicfarmers had moderately favourable to highly favourable attitudewhereas 91.11 per cent conventional farmers had moderatelyfavourable to less favourable attitude towards organic farming.

[4] The extent of adoption of organic farming practices was found mediumto high among 90.00 per cent organic farmers.

[5] Regarding practice wise adoption of organic farming data revealed thatinter cropping (2.6 MS), crop rotations (2.16 MS), use of FYM (3.0 MS),use of bio-fertilizers (2.52 MS), use of pheromone trap (1.68 MS) anduse of cow dung/urine (1.28 MS) were important practices adopted bymajority organic farmers.

[6] The variables education, organic farming experience, urbanviz.,contact, herd size, annual income, innovation proneness, rationality indecision making, risk orientation and planning orientation werepositively and significantly associated with attitude. While age hadshowed negatively and significantly correlated with attitude of organicfarmers towards organic farming. In case of conventional farmers, the

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variable education, social participatioviz., n, innovation proneness,economic motivation, marketing orientation and orientation towardscompetition were found positively and significantly associated withtheir attitude.

[7] Relationship of extent of adoption was observed significant andpositive with the variables education, organic farming experience,viz.,land holding, herd size, annual income, source of information,extension participation, innovativeness, rationality in decision making,risk orientation, planning orientation and attitude. While the variableage had found negative and significant correlated with extent ofadoption.

[8] Multiple regression analysis indicated that all variables exerted as muchas 46.94 per cent of total variation in adoption of organic farmingpractices. The results of Step-wise regression analysis indicated that38.18 per cent of the total variation in adoption was accounted by a setof five variables age, organic farming experience, land holding,viz.,herd size and attitude towards organic farming. Attitude alone hadaccounted for 24.06 per cent variation.Results of path analysis inferred that out of 21 variables analyzed 12variables exerted direct positive effect and 10 variables expressednegative direct effect. The variables attitude, sources of information,organic farming experience, planning orientation and extensionparticipation showed highest direct effect. On the other hand herd size,social participation, innovation proneness and age had negative directeffect on adoption of organic farming practices.With respect to highest indirect positive effect on adoption, the keyvariables were risk orientation, extension participation and education.While, land holding, age and cropping intensity exerted highestnegative indirect effect. In case of first substantial effect all the abovevariables were important and found affecting through variable attitude.

[9] The important common constraints were; difficulties in controllingpests, diseases and weeds (53.33 % and 70.00 %), lack of marketingnetwork (90.00 % and 66.66 %) and difficult to maintain farm records(50.00 % and 67.44 %), low yield during initial years (66.66 % and 80.00%) and difficult to meet organic standards (61.11 % and 65.55 %) asreported by both organic and conventional farmers in adoption oforganic farming.

[10] The important suggestions offered by the farmers were; there is a needto launch organic farming campaign for creating public awareness(73.333 %), Govt. support is must for promotion of organic farming(66.66 %) and separate market be notified (60.00 %) as reported by morethan sixty per cent of the farmers.

[11] Regarding future scope the results showed that the growth of organicfarming would be increased an alternate of conventional farming(80.00%), health consciousness will increase among people (66.66 %)

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and better opportunities (60.00 %) were important aspects of perceptionof organic farmers regarding future scope. On the other hand, majorityconventional farmers perceived that farming may lead them to adoptorganic farming (66.66 %), low input cost and higher net return mayattract them to adopt organic farming (60.00 %) in future.

Practical utility The present study will identify the important characteristics of farmers,which contribute to the adoption of organic farming. It will also disclosethe motives behind farmers’ decision to shift toward organic farming. Thefindings of the study will help the NGOs and other agencies involved inpromotion of organic farming to formulate their strategies in order tointensify their efforts in promotion of organic farming among conventionalfarmers. In the present study, an attempt has also been made to study theconstraints faced by organic farmers as well as constraints perceived inorganic farming by conventional farmers. So policy/plan can be made toeliminate those constraints and take suggestive measures to promoteorganic farming. The perception of organic and conventional farmers aboutfuture scope and prospects of organic farming may be considered to createawareness among social scientists, students and extension workers to takeup future research projects in this #ourishing expertise. The alternative

farm management practices and technologies adopted by the farmers canbe useful for other farmers, institutions and individuals engaged in organicfarming. These all information and findings generated by the study will behelpful to whole community engaged in promotion of organic agriculturein the country and beyond the boundaries.

26 Thesis title Indigenous resource management by tribal farm women in Banaskanthadistrict of Gujarat state

Name of student Prajapati R. R.Name of guide Dr. K. A. ThakkarYear 2008Conclusion 1. Fifty-two per cent of the tribal farm women were found in middle age

group and were illiterate.2. It was recorded that 48.00 per cent of the respondents belonged to

medium family having 4 to 8 members and 56.00 per cent belonged tojoint family. A great majority (70.00 %) of the tribal farm women couldnot participated in any social organisation. Maximum number ofrespondents (76.00 %) were belonged to medium socio-economic statusgroup and 56.00 per cent of the tribal farm women had medium level ofextension contact.

3. Majority of the respondents (60.00%) were residing in kachha houses.Forty-four per cent of the respondents were small farmers, a greatmajority (65.00 per cent) had agriculture as their major occupation withlabouring/forest based work and animal husbandry as majorsupporting occupations. A vast majority of the respondents hadmedium herd size (88.50 %) and two bullocks (72.00 %). Sixty-four percent of the tribal farm women had medium material possession and

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forty-four per cent families had no debt or were free from debt. Amongthe debtors, about one-third (32.00%) had a debt up to Rs.10000/-, whileone-fourth (24.00%) respondents had a debt above Rs.10001/-. Nearlyhalf (48.00 %) of the respondents had income ranging from Rs.5001/- toRs.10000/- per annum.

4. Slightly more than half of them (52.00 %) had farming experience of 6 to10 years. Slightly more than half (52.00 %) of the tribal families werefound migrating for more or less period of which, one-third (32.00 %)respondents migrated for up to three months per year.

5. Majority of the tribal farm women had medium level ofcosmopoliteness (58.00%), medium level of economic motivation (63.00%), medium level of risk preferences (60.00 %) and medium level ofscientific orientation (66.50 %).

6. Majority of the respondents (64.00 %) had medium level of knowledgeregarding IRM in the area of agriculture, animal husbandry and minorforest products.

7. Regarding the participation of tribal farm women in agriculture relatedactivities, data revealed that weed control and intercultural operation(2.42 MS), harvesting (2.33 MS), storage of maize (1.85 MS), marketingof maize (1.76 MS), irrigation management (1.74 MS), selection of seeds,seed treatment and sowing (1.70 MS), nutrient management (1.69 MS),

tillage related activities (1.67 MS) and pest and disease management(1.64 MS) were important practices participated by tribal farm women.

8. Participation of tribal farm women with regard to animal husbandryrelated activities was observed into two aspects viz.(i) dairy farming (ii)poultry farming.a. In case of dairy farming related activities the farm women were

found involving themselves in the activities viz., feeding animal (2.76MS), milking (2.76MS), watering animals (2.60 MS), caretaking ofanimals (2.40 MS), marketing of milk / curd / ghee (2.00 MS), curdmaking (1.64 MS), ghee making (1.44 MS), grazing (1.20 MS), andcow dung cake preparation (1.16 MS).

b. Under poultry farming, the participation of tribal farm women wasfound in activities like keeping eggs for hatching (2.04 MS), rearingcocks for meat (2.12 MS) and rearing layers for eggs (1.16 MS).

9. With regards to participation of tribal farm women in minor forestproducts related activities, data revealed that mahua products relatedactivities (1.96 MS), fiber extraction of agave (1.96 MS), horticulturerelated activities (1.74 MS), timru products related activities (1.73 MS),activities related to medicinal plants (1.65 MS), collection of gum (1.62MS), bamboo products related activities( 1.62 MS), khakhar relatedactivities (1.52 MS), collection of honey (1.36 MS) and pam (tad) relatedactivities (1.34 MS) were important practices participated by tribal farmwomen.

10.Majority (60.00 %) of the tribal farm women had medium level of

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overall participation in IRM activities in the areas of agriculture, animalhusbandry and minor forest products.

11.Majority of the tribal farm women (60.00 %) derives ‘51.00 to 75.00’ percent of their annual income from indigenous resources.

12.The variables viz., age, type of family, socio-economic status, extensioncontact, herd size and farming experience were positively andsignificantly associated with knowledge of tribal farm women. While,type of house, material possession, income generation through IRM,migration habit and scientific orientation had showed negative andsignificant relationship with knowledge.

13.Among different personal, social, economic, situational andpsychological characteristics of the tribal farm women, age, type offamily, socio-economic status, extension contact, herd size, farmingexperience and knowledge of IRM activities were positively andsignificantly correlated with participation of respondents in IRMactivities. While, size of family, material possession, income generationthrough IRM activities, migration habit and scientific orientation wasfound negatively and significantly correlated with participation in IRMactivities.

14.Path analysis indicated that out of the 12 significant variables analyzed,8 exerted direct positive effect and 4 expressed negative direct effect onthe level of overall participation of tribal farm women in IRM activities.knowledge had highest positive direct effect on level of overall

participation in IRM activities followed by age, farming experience, sizeof family, herd size, type of family, income generation through IRMand extension contact. The socio-economic status had highest negativedirect effect on level of overall participation in IRM activities followedby scientific orientation, migration habit, and material possession.

15.The important constraints experienced by tribal farm women in IRMactivities were; lack of remunerative price of products (64.00 %),undulating poor soil (60.00 %), small size of holdings (57.50 %), lack ofmarketing facilities (56.00 %), burden of work in farm and at home (51.00%), lack of finance for agriculture (50.00%) and lack on information ofagricultural technology (48.00 %).

Practical utility Economic resources agriculture, animal husbandry and forest of tribalviz.,people of this area were under traditional practices. If these traditionalpractices are shifted by scientific practices/technology and economicresources will utilize prudently, the socio-economic status of tribal will beuplifted. This can be done by giving some inputs supports, training in thisaspects and related technologies etc.

Department of Agricultural StatisticsS.No.1. Thesis title On comparison of some stability models for genotype x environment

interaction

117

Name of student M. K. ChaudhariName of guide Dr. B. H. PrajapatiYear 2008Conclusion (1) Yearwise analysis showed significant in#uence of genotypes,

environment and G x E interaction in all contributing characters exceptfinal plant stand.

(2) Pooled analysis results revealed that the year effect was significant forall the characters except seeds per siliquae, while year x environmentinteraction was significant for all the characters and year x genotype xenvironment interaction (Y x G x E) was significant for the all thecharacters leaving final plant stand. The in#uence of environment,genotype and G x E interaction barring final plant stand was significant.The interaction effect, year x genotype (Y x G) was significant for all thecharacters barring final plant stand. The year effect caused significant inall characters except seed per siliquae.

(3) The ranking pattern of genotypes based on two stability parametersviz., regression coefficients and deviations from regression was sameunder ER and PJ models for seed yield (r=1.00), whereas the same trendwas not observed in FP model. Considering testing procedure, precisionof the estimates and ease in calculation, Eberhart and Russell model(1966) was considered better than PJ and FP models.

(4) Differential response of genotype to environments was observed inindividual year as well as in pooled data. Genotype G5 (SKM-9977) was

high yielding stable genotype for E1 and E2 environments and belowaverage stability at E3, E5 and E6 environments, but not stable for E4

environments. In E4 enironment genotype G7 (GM-1) and G3 (SKM-0109) were found stable. Genotype G5 showed stability for plant heightin E2 and E5 and below average stability in E4, number of primarybranches in E2, E3, E4 and E5, number of siliquae seeds in E3, E4, E5 andE6 and above stability in E2, siliquae length in E1, E2, E4 and E5 and 1000-seed weight character G5 was found stable at all the environments.

(5) Safety-first indices showed limited practical utility. It gives simplyguideline in stability analysis.The results lead to the conclusion that ER model was better than PJ and

FP models for stability analysis of genotypes tested over years andenvironments. Genotype SKM 9927 (G5) was high yielding stable genotypeover three years as well as in environment wise analysis it was found stableat Anand (L1) and Jamnagar (L2) locations and below average stability atJunagadh (L3), Sardarkrushinagar (L5) and Vujapur (L6) locations.Genotype GM-1 (G7) and SKM 0109 (G3) appeared high yielder and stableat Kothara (E4) location.

Practical utility Derived stability model will be useful to release new variety of mustard forfarmers

2 Thesis title Pre-harvest forecasting of castor yield in Banaskanths district of NorthGujarat

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Name of student G. K. ChaudharyName of guide Dr. J. K. PatelYear 2011Conclusion (1) The effect of biometrical variables, no. of effective branches

(cumulative) per plant at 150 DAS, no. of capsules (cumulative) perplant at 150 DAS and seed yield (cumulative) per plant at 150 DASwere found positive and significant, except no. of effective branches(cumulative) per plant at 120 DAS and seed yield per plant at 120 DAS,which showed negative and significant effect on crop yield.

(2) The deviations were much less in case of 180 DAS and 150 DAS thanthe 120 DAS in the simulated forecast model developed on the basis ofbiometrical variables. Similar trend was observed in case of standarderror (S.E.) also. Reliable pre-harvest forecasting of castor yield can bemade at 150 DAS and 180 DAS as compared to 120 DAS inBanaskantha district using this model. In case of forecasting, earliestforecasting is always better. Hence the model 150 DAS was suitable(R2 = 96.00 %) than 180 DAS. Thus, the suggested pre-harvest forecastmodel based on biometrical variables for Banaskantha district of NorthGujarat is

( )%00.96R

X37.2X00.1X17.0X00.4X2.06136.9Y

2

24

**

23

**

21

**

12

**

11

**

=

+−++−−=

(3) Effect of time trend was not observed in generated weather variables,week number as weight approach. However, positive and significanteffect of the time trend was observed in week wise and correlationcoefficient as weight approaches, except in 17 and 20 weeks models ofweek wise approach. This suggested paramount in#uence oftechnological advancement with time in castor productivity for thedistrict.

(4) The effects of all the weather variables (eg. maximum and minimumtemperature, morning and evening relative humidity, bright sunshinehours and rainfall) in general, showed an important role in forecastingthe castor yield. However, differential effects of weather variables werefound in different approaches.

(5) The effect of rainfall was found beneficial during 10th week (X610) of18, 19 and 21 weeks model. This may be because of the temperaturegoes down due to rainfall, which induce more pistillate #owers andresultant increasing effect on yield of castor.

(6) Out of the four approaches employed, generated weather variablesusing week number as weight approach did not found suitable forreliable pre-harvest forecasting of castor yield as it gave on an averagelow coefficient of determination (R2 = 65.81) and high standard error ofestimate (S.E. = 247.16).

(7) Out of week wise approach and correlation coefficient as weightapproach, correlation coefficient as weight approach could be

119

identified as superior as it gave on an average high coefficient ofdetermination (R2 = 90.32 %), minimum standard error of estimate (S.E.= 142.76) and less per cent deviations (26.00 %). The week wiseapproach performed second in rank as it showed over all average 85.75% coefficient of determination and 177.62 standard error of estimate.

(8) At least 12 weeks before actual harvest of the crop, reliable pre-harvestforecasting of castor yield in Banaskantha district can be made usinggenerated weather variables, correlation coefficient as weight(18 weeks) approach by the following model:

94.60%)(Rr0.70Q'rQ'6.71r0.03Q'

r0.21Q'rQ'2.42rZ'114.33T40.263050.75Y

21

56

0

45

**1

35

2

13

2

12

**1

2

****

=++

−+−++−=

(9) At least 11 weeks before actual harvest of the crop, reliable pre-harvestforecasting of castor yield in Banaskantha district can be made usingoriginal weather variables, week wise (19 weeks) approach by thefollowing model:

93.50%)(RX42.87X129.2868.50X

X49.07X77.03X31.126.28XT26.60581.29Y

2

610

*

510

*

509

505

**

502

**

418

**

314

**

=+−+

−++++=

Practical utility These forecasting models will be useful to Government Official for policymatter decision like, subsidy and support price of castor.

Department of Horticulture

Theme: Physiological BehaviourS.No.

1. Thesis title Effect of cultural and chemical treatments on fruit set, yield and quality ofcustard apple (Annona squamosa Linn) cv. "Sindhan"

Name of student N. M. PatelName of guide Dr. L. R. VarmaYear 2005-06Conclusion 50 ppm GA3 + Wheat straw mulch followed by 20 ppm NAA + Wheat

straw mulch gave highest net income.Practical utility Growth regulators have much potential to alter the crop behaviour for

growth, yield and fruit quality. Custard apple is comparatively a lowattented fruit crop but with some minor modification like organicmulching and application of growth regulator, its yield and size of fruitshowed tremendous difference.

2 Thesis title Exploitation of various variables of vegetable pea (Pisium sativam L.) for

North Gujarat under varied plant spacingName of student D. P. ThakorName of guide Dr. L. R. VarmaYear 2008-09Conclusion To have better optimum growth, #owering, maturity, yield, cooking

quality and net profitable income of pea for vegetable purpose, the variety

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Arkel proved to the best, sown under 30 cm X 10 cm, plant spacing to catchearly, season market and Bonneville proved to the best variety sown at 30cm X 10 cm plant spacing to catch medium to late season market underNorth Gujarat region.

Practical utility Pea is a popular vegetable grown under cool season climate and NorthGujarat has enough length of winters to produce a successful crop of pea.The crop is not popular among the regional farmers. Even though some ofthe farmers are growing on small scale. Hence to popularize the crop in theregion and for increasing the length of the crop cycle varieties of differentfeatures were evaluated and variety Arkel for early and Bonneville formedium and late season market were found more profitable under NorthGujarat region which could be a highly beneficial for regional famers.

Theme: Planting and Nutrition3 Thesis title Response of gladiolus to varying levels of nitrogen and spacing under

North Gujarat agro- climaticconditionName of student P. C. JoshiName of guide Dr. L. R. VarmaYear 2006-07Conclusion Crop should be fertilized with 100 kg N/ha in two splits (i) one half as

basal dose and (ii) remaining one half dose of nitrogen at 45 days aftercorm planting along with plant space at 45 cm x 30 cm for better qualityspike, corm and cormels production.

Practical utility Gladiolus is a popular cut #ower in the country and Gujarat. But in NorthGujarat its production always remains a challenge for quality andeconomic production. In the experiment the profitable cultivation ofgladiolus was standardized by closed planting and efficient nitrogenmanagement which also produced higher number of corms and cormels.

Theme: Crop Improvement4 Thesis title Genetic analysis of green pod yield and yield attributes in cowpea [Vigna

unguiculata (l.) Walp]Name of student F. K. ModhName of guide Dr. L. R. VarmaYear 2007-08Conclusion The involvement of both types of gene actions with preponderance of non-

additive gene actions suggesting that superior genotypes could be isolatedin the segregating generations. Biparental mating may be employed insegregating generation to break undesirable linkage.

Practical utility Cowpea is an important vegetable crop and hybrid development incowpea can be highly beneficial to farmers. In order to develop thehybrids, study of gene linkages is essential and hence by employing thebiparental mating is suggested to break undesirable linkage.

Theme: Nutrition5 Thesis title Response of African marigold (Tagets erecta L.) to nitrogen, phosphorus

and potash on yield, quality and vase life of "owers

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Name of student C. M. ThakorName of guide Dr. L. R. VarmaYear 2007-08Conclusion Cultivation of marigold with the application of FYM @ 10 t/ha, 60 kg P2O5

per ha and 30 kg K2O per ha as basal dose and nitrogen 180 kg/ha in foursplit doses (25 % at the time of planting and 75 % remaining in 3 equaldoses at 20, 40 and 60 days after planting) was found more profitable.

Practical utility Marigold is nutrition responsive crop and hence nitrogen, phosphorus andpotash are major nutrients which have greater role in crop growth, yieldand quality. Accordingly farmers can apply the prescribed dose of NPK inmarigold to harvest the bigger sized #owers and higher yield andultimately higher market price.

Theme: Irrigation, Mulching and Nutrition6 Thesis title Effect of drip irrigation in association with mulch and nitrogen on growth,

yield and quality of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus Thumbs Mansf) cv.Sugar baby

Name of student M. V. PatelName of guide Dr. L. R. VarmaYear 2007-08Conclusion The potential production and maximum net profit from watermelon cv.

Sugar Babby can be secured by irrigating the crop with drip irrigation at 0.8segregating generations along with black polythelene mulch and fertilizedwith 100 kg N/ha, besides water saving to the extent of 10 % on unit areabasis.

Practical utility Watermelon, a summer season crop is tough to manage during summerseason of semi arid region as water availability is scarce. Accordinglymicro irrigation system along with mulching is a profitable tool to growthis crop profitably. Besides water saving and high efficiency of water use,the fertilizer efficiency is also very good while applying it through drip.

Theme: Physiological Behaviour and Nutrition7 Thesis title To Study The effect ofplant growth regulators and urea on "owering,

fruiting and fruit quality of Custard Apple (Annona squamosa L.) cv.

Sindhan.Name of student M. M. MasuName of guide Dr. L. R. VarmaYear 2008-09Conclusion The combined effect of GA3 50 ppm + Urea 2 % proved to the best

treatment in terms of fruit yield and quality of custard Apple. The spraytreatment of GA3 50 ppm + Urea 2 % gave the maximum gross realization(Rs. 167737.35) and income (Rs. 154364.30) per hectare with the highest Cost: Benefit Ratio ( 1 : 12.54).

Practical utility Custard apple is one of most promising minor fruit crop with immensepotential of arid and semi arid region. Till now no systematic efforts havebeen made to increase the yield and quality of crop. At the same time use

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of GA3 with Urea was experimented for increasing the yield and quality. Ithas been found beneficial to increase the yield and quality of custardapple. The results can be boon for farmers of North Gujarat, SouthRajasthan and other custard apple growing areas.

8 Thesis title Effect of various levels of nitrogen and cycocel on growth, "owering,"ower production and quality of African marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) cv.Local Orange

Name of student Patel M. C.Name of guide Dr. L. R. VarmaYear 2008-09Conclusion The highest fresh #ower yield with better growth, quality and net profit

can be achieved by fertilizing the African marigold cv. Local Orange withnitrogen ferigation @ 200 kg / ha in conjuction with cycocel @ 1000 ppmunder North Gujarat Agro-climatic conditions where soils are sandy loamand low in nitrogen.

Practical utility In case of marigold, numbers of #owers are most important economicaspect. The use of nitrogen with cycocel is recommended to increase thenumbers of branches which ultimately increase the #ower yield of Africanmarigold. Now it has become a practice of farmers also to use the growthretardants along with nitrogen for increasing the yield and income.

Theme: Planting Technology9 Thesis title Effect of various planting materials and different dates of planting on growth,

yield and quality of onion (kharif Allium cepa L.) cv. Agrifound Dark RedName of student Deepak. D. NayeeName of guide Dr. L. R. VarmaYear 2009 - 10Conclusion From the economic point of view, the onion planted with 2.0kharif -2.5 cm

size onion sets on 20th July may achieve highest yield and net profit. Tohave better optimum growth, yield and quality of kharif onion of cultivarAgrifound Dark Red, the planting of medium size onion sets (2.0-2.5 cm)on 20th July is most effective for getting maximum yield and net profit.

Practical utility Planting of onion in season is highly profitable but at the same timekharifis limited to certain regions. In north Gujarat cultivation of onion inkharif season is possible with some modifications in planting practices. Theuse of medium size onion sets (2.0-2.5 cm) of cultivar Agrifound Dark Redproved that in season economic production of quality onion iskharifpossible with less time of cultivation. Presently it is common trend amongfarmers to grow the onion with the help of medium sized sets.kharif

Theme: Integrated Nutrient Management10 Thesis title Effect of organic manures in combination with essential nutrients on

growth, yield and quality of Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) cv. Kesar underNorth Gujarat condition

Name of student Patel G. S.Name of guide Dr. L. R. Varma

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Year 2011 - 12Conclusion The cultivation of turmeric crop with the application of nitrogen through

poultry manure in combinations with essential nutrients like phosphorus,potassium, zinc and iron may achieve highest growth, yield and net profit.

Practical utility In the present era of high use of chemicals in farming, replacement ofnutritional requirement through organic supplements may be a healthypractice. Accordingly, for turmeric (which is considered as a exhaustivecrop), nitrogen requirement through poultry manure in combinationsmicronutrients like Zinc and Iron were successfully applied to maximizethe yield and quality with economic benefit.

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III. HORTICULTURAL SCIENCES

College of Horticulture, Jagudan

Department of Vegetable ScienceTheme: Nutrient managementS.

No.

1. Thesis title In"uences of integrated use of organic and inorganic sources of nutrientson growth, yield and quality of garden pea (Pisum sativum L. var.

Hortense) cv. BonnevilleName of student Pawar Yogesh D.Name of guide Dr. L. R. VarmaYear 2016Conclusion In light of the results obtained in the present investigations, it its concluded

that in North Gujarat condition, garden pea crop can be successfully grownby application of nitrogen through poultry manure (1063 kg/ha) incombination with essential nutrients like phosphorus and potassiumthrough inorganic sources (SSP 438 kg and MOP 83 kg/ha) along with PSB(1.25 1/ha through soil and 20ml/kg seed treatment) for getting higheryield of better quality and maximum net return.

Practical utility 1. Introduction of new crops in Banaskantha district2. Integrated nutrient management sustain the soil health3. Biofertilizer save the fertilizer requirements ultimately reduce cost of

production4. INM increase yield with better quality and net return

2 Thesis title In"uence of organic nutrients in combination with bio-fertilizerson growth, yield and quality of garden pea (Pisum sativum L. var.

Hortense) cv. BonnevilleName of student Joshi Hemang N.Name of guide Dr. L. R. VarmaYear 2017Conclusion The experimental evidences warrant the following specific conclusion

which may be adopted for profitable organic production of garden peaunder North Gujarat conclusions. It may be concluded that the applicationof nitrogen through neem cake in combination with PSB achieved bettergrowth, reasonably comparable yield with good quality of pods andmaximum net return under North Gujarat condition, as this treatmentcombination proved to be the best among all the treatments.

Practical utility 1. Cultivation of pea under organic farming can withstand the climatechange condition

2. Raisings of pea under organic farming increased yield with betterquality and sustain the soil fertility

3. Bio-fertilizer reduced fertilizer requirement and increased net profit3 Thesis title Effect of iron, zinc and boron on growth, yield, quality and storability of

125

onion ( allium cepa l.) Cv. Agrifound light redName of student More Sandeep G.

Name of guide Dr. L. R. VarmaYear 2017Conclusion Thus, the experimental evidence warrants the following specific

conclusion, which may in general be adopted for profitable cultivation ofonion. To have optimum growth, yield quality and storability of onioncultivar Agrifound Light Red, 20 kg iron/ha, 25 kg zinc/ha and 5.0 kgboron/ha should be applied.

Practical utility 1. Micronutrient is one of the major constraint for yield and quality2. Micronutrients, make the plant robust which can tolerate the effect of

climate change3. Micronutrients increase yield, quality, storage capacity and net profit of

onion

126

IV. VETERINARY SCIENCES

College of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry, Sardarkrushinagar

Theme: Animal HealthS. No.

1. Thesis title Fertility management in postpartum mehsani buffaloes through clinical,biochemical and hormonal investigations

Name of student Nakhashi, H. C.Name of guide Dr. F. S. KavaniYear 2006Conclusion This study was carried out on 29 freshly calved Mehsani buffaloes of

University farm at Sardarkrushinagar during the period from June 2004 toApril 2005 with the objective of monitoring the postpartum period with andwithout the use of GnRH (on day 35thand 45th) through the clinical,biochemical and hormonal investigations from day of calving till 45 dayth

postpartum and from breeding till 60 day postth -breeding. All the animalswere periodically palpated per rectum to monitor uterine and ovarianchanges and related reproductive peridata. Hormonal profiles (plasma P4and E2) were estimated by standard RIA techniques and biochemical andmetabolic constituents were determined on an autoanalyzer by usingstandard techniques and assay kits. The levels of trace elements (Cu, Zn, Feand Mn) were determined in soil, feed and plasma samples using standardprotocol on an atomic absorption spectrophotometer.

Practical utility Study showed the importance of effective post partum management ofanimals which ultimately reduce economic burden of farmers due toinfertility and embryonic loss.

2 Thesis title Sero-epizootiology, experimental modulation of vaccinal immunity, andeconomic impact assessment of bovine brucellosis in North Gujarat

Name of student Panchasara, H. H.Name of guide Dr. P. R. PatelYear 2007Conclusion This study includes seroepizootiological survey, economic impact

assessment of brucellosis, collection of serum samples from the animals invillages of North Gujarat and on two organized farms and laboratoryinvestigation by RBPT, STAT and i-ELISA taking i-ELISA as a standardtest. In the present study, efforts were made to generate and analyseepidemiological data on brucellosis under farm and field conditions. Theepidemiological data on seroprevalence rates were analyzed in relation tospecies, district, age, lactation, sex, status, herd size, herd type andreproductive disorder.

1365 serum samples were collected comprising 520 cattle and 845buffaloes from field and total of 592 samples including 349 cattle and 243buffaloes were collected from two university farms Livestock Researchviz.,Station, S. D. Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar and cattle BreedingFarm, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh.

Practical utility The study helps in detecting overall prevalence rate of brucellosis in cattleand buffalo and also helps to study Immunomodulatory effects of

127

Levamisole treatment and supplementation of zinc in feed.3 Thesis title Development and comparative evaluation of biofilm based vaccine of P.

multocida for haemorrhagic -septicaemia

Name of student Vasava, K. A.Name of guide Dr. H. N. KherYear 2007Conclusion A study was undertaken to assess the vaccine strain of

PasteurellamultocidaB: 2 for their ability to produce biofilm in-vitro andsimultaneously to develop and evaluate biofilm based vaccine forhaemorrhagicsepticaemia.The reference vaccine strain of B: 2 (P52) was primarilyP.multocida testedfor its ability to produce biofilm in-vitro. The strain was grown on 0.3 percent bentonite clay in different concentrations of Trypticase Soya broth (TSB)for incubation of one, three, five and seven days at 37° comparativelywithout bentonite clay as free cells. Maximum amount of growth of strainon bentonite clay was in 0.3 per cent of TSB and at fifth day of incubation at37°C. The average log10 cfu counts of biofilm were 8.43 ± 4.22, 8.04 ± 4.02and 7.44 ± 3.72 in 0.3 per cent, 3.0 per cent and 0.15 per cent of TSB,respectively. The biofilm cells grew slowly as compared to free cells in theearly phase of growth, but biofilm cells persisted for longer period ofincubation with significantly higher viable cell counts.The biofilm of P.multocida (P52) grown on microtitre wells and stained withcrystal violet, showed the densities of 0.146 ± 0.004, 0.393 ± 0.001 and 1.680 ±0.068 at 18, 48 and 72 hours of incubation, respectively. The amount ofbiofilm formed on microtitre wells increased gradually and attained peak at72 hours of incubation. Simultaneously, exopolysaccharide production inbiofilms grown on microtitre wells measured with ruthenium red was 0.116± 0.007, 0.135 ± 0.011 and 0.079 ± 0.010 OD450 at 14, 48 and 72 of hours onincubation, respectively. The amount of exopolysaccharide produced inbiofilm was maximum at 48 hours and decreased at 72 hours of incubation.

Practical utility The phenomenon of biofilm production of P. multocida (P52) wasdemonstrated and biofilm based vaccine was proved to be superior toconventional free cell vaccine. This will pave a way for development ofefficient vaccine for prevention and control of H.S. – an economicallyimportant disease of the livestock.

4 Thesis title Helminthic infections of Donkey (Equus acinus ) with special referenceto strongylosis in North Gujarat

Name of student Parasani, H. R.Name of guide Dr. R. R. MominYear 2008Conclusion The present study was carried out to ascertain the prevalence of helminthic

infections in donkeys with special reference to strongylosis in North Gujaratduring the period of October-2003 to September-2004.The target was to know the effect of seasons on the prevalence and intensityof infection in different districts of North Gujarat Banaskanviz., tha,Sabarkantha, Mehsana and Patan by faecal sample examination,coproculture, haematology, biochemical profile, post-mortem examinationand patho-morphological study of infected organs.

Practical utility Study demonstrated the effect of seasons on the prevalence and intensity of

128

infection in donkey and researcher recorded maximum incidences duringMarch and minimum during July month.

5 Thesis title Seroepidemio-logy, isolation and characterization of peste des petitsruminants virus from typical and a typical tissues of different species

Name of student Chauhan, H. C.Name of guide Dr. H. N. KherYear 2009Conclusion The present study envisaged appraisal of seroepidemiology of PPR in

diverse species of animals by detection of PPRV antibodies,clinicopathological observations in naturally infected sheep and goats,detection of PPRV antigen and genome in suspected typical as well asatypical clinical and post mortem samples, comparison of s-ELISA, virusisolation and molecular techniques in detection of PPRV. Attempts werealso made for the isolation and identification of PPRV and relativequantification of PPRV in various tissues. In addition, the study alsoincluded molecular characterization of the field PPRV isolate by cloning fulllength M gene followed by its sequencing and phylogenetic analysis.A serological survey of PPRV antibodies was carried out by c-ELISA indifferent species of Livestock in North Gujarat, Kachchh and certain parts ofSaurashtra, Central Gujarat and South Gujarat regions. Out of 2125 serumsamples, PPRV antibodies could be detected in 570 samples (26.82 %).Specieswise seroprevalence recorded was 56.68 per cent in sheep, 44.33 percent in goats, 8.27 per cent in cattle, 11.06 per cent in buffaloes, 5.57 per centin camels and 1.48 per cent in donkeys. None of the horse sera producedpositive results.

Practical utility This work provided the epidemiological information on PPR in variousanimals. This will be useful for executing the control strategies for PPRconsidering the role of animals other than sheep and goats in perpetuatingthe PPRV in nature. Molecular pathogenesis study provided the changingpattern of tissue tropism of PPRV. Hence, this will be useful fordevelopment of effective vaccine against PPRV.

6 Thesis title Studies on pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamics and safety profile of longacting moxi"oxacin in Goats

Name of student Kumari AnjanaName of guide Dr. S. K. ModyYear 2010Conclusion Moxi#oxacin is the latest broad-spectrum #uoroquinolone, originally

developed for respiratory tract infections, and over the years has beenshown to be effective and consequently received approval for additionalindications. As a bactericidal it possess extended spectrum activity, lowerMIC, larger volume of distribution, good penetration into tissues,macrophages and in#ammatory #uid, power of potential deposition inrespiratory, reproductive as well as bony tissue. It has encouraging andpromising results in human medicines. It would be of great valuablescientific effort to introduce this drug for veterinary use.These require to generate pharmacokinetic data of moxi#oxacin in differentdomestic animals. In veterinary clinic, short acting drug formulation isimpracticable. Developing long acting formulation of moxi#oxacin wouldincrease the time duration of dosage regimens at least up to 24, 48 and 72 h.

129

Therefore, keeping all these point in view, the present study was planned toinvestigate pharmacokinetics of long acting (L A) moxi#oxacin in maleMehsana goats (n=6) at the dose rate of 7.5 mg/kg b.wt. following singledose administration IV and IM (alone and along with meloxicamintramuscularly). In addition, pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamicintegration, safety profile (hematological, biochemical and urine analysis) aswell as MIC and protein binding were also determined for LA moxi#oxacinin male Mehsana goats.

Practical utility Long acting formulation of a broad spectrum #uoroquinolone antimicrobialdrug was formulated and its pharmacodynamic, pharmacokinetics andsafety features were established in goats and benefits of long actingformulations were assessed over convention formulation.

7 Thesis title Pharmacokinetics and safety profile of roxithromycin, cipro"oxacin andtheir combination in broiler Chickens

Name of student Singh, R. D.Name of guide Dr. S. K. ModyYear 2010Conclusion Poultry is as an important source of quality protein and its industry is

gaining popularity for nutritional security. Chronic respiratory disease(CRD) of chickens is a primary infection of Mycoplasma gallisepticum oftencomplicated by causing severe economic and productionEscherichia coli,losses. Use of single antimicrobial is proved to be inefficacious sometimes tocontrol complicated CRD. A novel combination of two antimicrobials viz.,roxithromycin (macrolide class) and cipro#oxacin (#uoroquinolone class) ishaving prospective potential to be used in treatment of complicated CRD.Keeping in mind the research gaps pertaining to interactionpharmacokinetics, safety of combination of two drugs and optimization ofdosage regimens of each drug and their combination, the present study wasdesigned to investigate the pharmacokinetics of roxithromycin,cipro#oxacin and their combination (after intravenous and oraladministrations) as well as oral safety profile of roxithromycin, cipro#oxacinand their combination in broiler chickens. Forty eight male broiler chickensof Vencobb strain aged from 4 to 6 weeks were used for the purpose.

Practical utility To address the challenges of treating complicated avian mycoplasmosis, anovel combination of two antimicrobials roxithromycin (macrolide) andcipro#oxacin (#uoroquinolones) was suggested and pharmacokineticinteraction and safety was evaluated in broiler birds. There was lack ofunfavourable interaction and combination was found safe at therapeuticregimen.

8 Thesis title Prevalance of rotavirus and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli infectionin neonatal calf diarrhoea in Gujarat

Name of student Dadawala, A. I.Name of guide Dr. H. N. KherYear 2012Conclusion Neonatal calf diarrhoea is a major threat to dairy industry due to heavy

mortality, treatment cost and poor growth of calves. The syndrome has greatcomplexity due to its multifactorial etiology.The present study was undertaken to find out the prevalence of Rotavirusand associated with neonatal calf diarrhoea. A total of 76 faecalE. coli

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samples were collected from diarrhoeic bovine calves upto 4 weeks of age. Allthe 76 samples were processed for detection of Rotavirus antigen by LATand Rotavirus genome by AGE and RT-PCR. Same samples were tested fordetection of E. coli.The enteropathogens frequently encountered in the present study wereRotavirus 14(18.42%) and 45(59.21%) from cases oE. coli f bovine diarrhoeiccalves respectively. Rotavirus was detected in association with in 11E. coli(14.47%) cases while Rotavirus and alone were detected in 3 (3.95%)E. coliand 34 (44.47%) cases of diarrhoeic calves, respectively.

Practical utility This work provided the prevalence of BTV-1 and BTV-16 circulating in theGujarat. Also helped to include the BTV-16 as one of the serotypes inpentalavent vaccine developed by ICAR against BTV.

9 Thesis title Pharmacokine-tics, safety profile and milk residue of eprinomectin inSheep and Goat

Name of student Modi, C. M.Name of guide Dr. S. K. ModyYear 2013Conclusion The present study was planned to investigate plasma and milk

pharmacokinetics of eprinomectin (0.2 mg/kg body weight, single dose, s/cadministration) in lactating sheep and goats (n = 6). In addition, safetyprofile (hematological and biochemical analysis) was also determined foreprinomectin in sheep and goats.Drug concentration in plasma was determined using High PerformanceLiquid Chromatography (HPLC) with #uorescence detector. Theeprinomectin plasma concentrations versus time data after subcutaneousadministrations were described by non compartment model ofpharmacokinetic with the use of “PK Solutions 2.0 software”.

Practical utility Eprinomectin is an advanced ectendocide drug. Pharmacokinetics, safetyand milk residue of eprinomectin was evaluated in two species sheepi.e.,and goats. The compound was safe, having favourable pharmacokineticfeatures and having negligible withdrawal time.

10 Thesis title Studies on streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced diabetes in Wistar rats andits amelioration by garlic, fenugreek, black cumin and their mixture

Name of student Sheikh, T. J.Name of guide Dr. D. V. JoshiYear 2013Conclusion Diabetes mellitus (DM) is the most common non-communicable disease

prevalent in all countries of the world and becoming an increasing concernall over the world. Prevention and control programs are needed to stem therising epidemic of diabetes mellitus and its complications.

In this regards, the present study was undertaken to find out thepossible ameliorative action of plant extracts in diabetic rats for 90 days.After overnight fasting diabetes was induced in rats by intraperitonealinjection of streptozotocin dissolved in at normal saline at dose of 45 mg/kgbody weight, 15 min after the I/P administration of 110 mg/kg ofnbicotinamide. The aqueous extracts for Black cumin (Nigella sativa),Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum) and Garlic (Allium sativum) and theirmixture were prepared. Blood was collected for hemogram and biochemicalenzymes estimation. Biochemical parameter such as ALT, AST, ALP, total

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cholesterol, creatinine, Uric acid and BUN were measured from plasma atmonthly interval for three month. Lipid peroxidation and super oxidediamutase were also measured from RBCs at 30 days intervals. Oral glucosetolerance test (OGTT) was performed on monthly basis with time duration0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes.

The best overall activity was observed in the black cumin aqueousextracts in relation to glucose, biochemical alterations, OGTT andhistopathology. While fenugreek showed more pronounced alleviative effectin maintaining cholesterol level in diabetic animals and garlic forantioxidant capacity beside their hypoglycemic effect.

Practical utility Study helps in development of Diabetes mellitus model in rats which is amost common non-communicable disease and alternate way of treatmentthrough use of black cumin aqueous extracts and fenugreek.

11 Thesis title Pharmacokinetics and safety profile of marbo"oxacin and its combinationwith ornidazole in Sheep

Name of student Patel, H. B.Name of guide Dr. S. K. ModyYear 2014Conclusion Marbo#oxacin is a #uorinated quinolone introduced for exclusive use

inveterinary medicine (Brown, 1996; Walker, 2000). It has found a greatapplication in treating many bacterial infections in veterinary medicinebecause of its lower MIC value, higher volume of distribution and expandedspectrum of antimicrobial activity. Ornidazole is a 5-nitroimidazolederivative, which is active against protozoa and anaerobic bacteria. It isextensively used in hepatic and intestinal amoebiasis, giardiasis, anaerobicinfections, prophylaxis of postoperative anaerobic bacterial infections,trichomoniasis of uro-genital tract and bacterial vaginitis. The combinationof these two drugs offer broad spectrum of activity against Gram positive,Gram negative and anaerobic bacteria and protozoa. This favors the use ofcombination in mixed infections caused by multiple species of bacteriawhich is very frequent in clinical practices.

The plasma concentration of marbo#oxacin and ornidazole wasestimated using validated LC MS/MS assay as per the standard guide line.The LOQ of LC MS/MS assay for marbo#oxacin and ornidazole were foundto be 1.0 ng-1 ml and 12 ng-1 ml, respectively in sheep plasma. Thepharmacokinetic data were analyzed using non compartmental approach bysoftware ‘PK Solver’ version 2.0.

The evaluation of different haematological and biochemicalparameters before and after administration of marbo#oxacin, ornidazole andcombination of both the drugs did not reveal any sign of side effects andtoxicity.

Practical utility Combination of marbo#oxacin, an#uoroquinolone antimicrobial drug andornidazole, 5-nitroimidazole derivative antiprotozoal drug offer broadspectrum of activity including gram positive, gram negative and anaerobicbacteria and protozoa. The combination was found to have appropriatepharmacokinetic features and safety parameters in sheep.

12 Thesis title Molecular characterization of staph. aureus isolated from bovines withspecial emphasis on methicillin resistance

Name of student Bhagat, A. G.

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Name of guide Dr. H. N. KherYear 2015Conclusion The present study was aimed at isolation, identification, biochemical

characterisation, genotypic confirmation, molecular characterisation andantibiotic sensitivity patterns of and CoNS isolatesStaphylococcus aureusrecovered from sub-clinical and clinical cases of mastitis in cows andbuffaloes. In addition, the research also included the detailed study onmethicillin resistant staphylococcal isolates.Out of 421 milk samples (256 from sub-clinical cases and 165 from clinicalmastitis) screened, a total of 83 isolates were recovered,Staphylococcuswhich included 19 (22.89 %) from SCM and 64 (77.11 %) from clinical casesof mastitis giving an overall incidence of 19.71 per cent.

Practical utility Very first time reported the prevalence of MRSA in animals in Gujarat.Being a human pathogen and its isolation from animals will be helpful fortreating human as well as animals in the era of AMR. While formulatingcontrol strategies against MRSA in human, this study will be very muchuseful to consider the role of animals and environment.

13 Thesis title Effect of tolfenamic acid on pharmacokinetics of ceftizoxime in Sheep

Name of student Patel, H. A.Name of guide Dr. S. K. ModyYear 2016Conclusion Ceftizoxime is the drug of third generation cephalosporin, extensively used

in veterinary medicine. It possesses extended spectrum of activity againstvariety of micro-organisms.The present study was planned to investigate pharmacokinetics ofceftizoxime in sheep (n = 6) at the dose rate of 10 mg/kg body weightfollowing single dose intravenous and intramuscular administrationgiven alone and along with single intramuscular dose of tolfenamic acid (4mg/kg b. wt.).Drug concentration in plasma was determined using Ultra HighPerformance Liquid Chromatography (UHPLC) with UV detector. Theceftizoxime plasma and milk concentrations versus time data afterintramuscular and intravenous administrations when administered aloneand along with tolfenamic acid were described by non-compartment modelof pharmacokinetics with the use of “PK Solver Software”. The Limit ofQuantification of ceftizoxime were found to be 0.1 µg/ml in plasma and 1.0µg/ml in milk.

Practical utility Effect of intramuscular administration of tolfenamic acid, an NSAID drug,on ceftizoxime, an antimicrobial drug used for mastitis, was studied insheep. Ceftizoxime was found to be retained in milk for longer time thanplasma when given alone and along with tolfenamic acid.

14 Thesis title Metagenomic and culture based analysis of respiratory disease complexin Poultry

Name of student Patel, J. G.Name of guide Dr. D. V. JoshiYear 2017Conclusion The present research work was envisaged the appraisal of the respiratory

microbiota, 16S ribosomal RNA based identification of the bacterialpathogens and pathomorphological changes in various organs of the

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respiratory tract. A total 36 birds were collected from different poultry farmreared under cage, deep litter and free range system in and around Palanpur(Banaskantha), Gujarat. A total of 180 samples comprising of trachea (36),larynx (36), lungs (36), exudates of infra orbital sinus (36) and air sacs (36),collected from all 24 commercial and 12 rural poultry birds. Prevalence ofRDC was 16.67%, 10.00% and 6.67% in apparently healthy chickens and70.00%, 56.67% and 50.00% in diseased chickens reared under free range,cage and dip litter system, respectively. Incidence of RDC was found high(43.33%) in free range system followed by cage system (33.33%) and diplitter system (28.33%).

Practical utility Present study demonstrated the usefulness of Metagenomic technique inearly diagnosis of complex diseases mainly respiratory disease.

15 Thesis title Clinicopathological studieson experimental toxicity of n-butylbenzenesulphonamide in Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus)

Name of student Priyadarshi, B. H.Name of guide Dr. D.V.JoshiYear 2017Conclusion The present research work on clinicopathological studies on experimental

toxicity of N-butylbenzenesulphonamide (NBBS) in Wistar rats was carriedout on 80 wistar rats with 40 male and 40 female rats by dividing them intofour equal groups, Group I, II, III and IV. Group I served as control andviz.,

received corn oil and Group II, III and IV were orally administered dailywith N-butylbenzenesulphonamide at the dose of 10 mg/kg (low dose), 50mg/kg (mid dose) and 250 mg/kg (high dose), respectively for a period of90 days. The experimental animals were closely observed daily for physicaland behavioral changes and weekly for body weight. All rats were subjectedto haematology, biochemical profile, organ weight, pathomorphologicalstudies at the end of the experiment.

Practical utility This experiment helps to detect toxic effect of N-butylbenzenesulfonamide(NBBS) which is a plasticizer frequently used in the production of plasticresins and as a starting agent in the synthesis of agricultural herbicides andfungicides. NBBS is common contaminant of groundwater and environmentand also not a readily biodegradable product.

16 Thesis title Histopathological and molecular characterization of Canine mammarytumors

Name of student Raval, S. H.Name of guide Dr. D. V. JoshiYear 2017Conclusion The present study was carried out to investigate breed wise and age wise

prevalence of canine mammary tumours (CMTs) along withhistopathological characterization of CMTs, grading of the canine mammarycarcinomas (CMCs) and to characterize the molecular subtype of CMCsusing immunohistochemistry. A total 97 CMTs samples were collected fromdifferent areas of Gujarat, India over period of three years (April 2014-March 2017). The mean age of the dogs was calculated. Involvement ofbreeds and mammary glands were recorded. And also CMCs were typedinto various histological types and then graded them in to various grade.

Practical utility Present study aid in understanding the molecular pathogenesis of humanbreast cancer through studying Canine mammary tumor as CMC mimic the

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pathogenesis of human breast cancer.17 Thesis title Monitoring reproductive performance in relation to biochemical and

hormonal profile of postpartum Mehsana BuffaloesName of student Sutaria, T. V.Name of guide Dr. B. N.SutharYear 2017Conclusion To evaluate the reproductive performance of normally and abnormally

parturited Mehsana buffaloes, total forty five Mehsana buffaloes irrespectiveof parity were selected from LRS, SDAU; Clinical Complex, Deesa and Milkshed area of Banaskantha and divided in to three groups, Group I (n=25)i.e.,with normally parturited healthy Mehsana buffaloes to serve as normalparturition group, Group II (n=10) included abnormally parturited Mehsanabuffaloes and group III (n=10) contained normal non-pregnant buffaloescompleted more than two months postpartum to serve as control group forthe study. Further, pooled postpartum Mehsana buffaloes (n=35)were categorized on the basis of postpartum cyclicity as cyclic group (n=26)and non-cyclic group (n=9), subsequently the postpartum cyclic Mehsanabuffaloes were subdivided as conceived (n=19) and non-conceived (n=7)subgroups. The involution of reproductive tract and ovarian dynamics werejudged by ultrasonography using a 5-10 MHz linear array transducer from5 to 45 day postpartum at an interval of five days, eth th ndometrial cytologywas performed on 15 to 45 day postpartum at an interval of fifteen daysth th

and blood was collected to estimate serum biochemical and hormonalattributes from day 0 to 45 postpartum at an interval of five days as well as

postpartum reproductive parameters in Mehsana buffaloes of both groupswere recorded and their relationships were also worked out.

Practical utility The study demonstrated the role of ultrasonography and endometrialcytology to know involuting uterine health and thereby future fertility;significant association of certain biochemical and hormonal constituentswith major postpartum reproductive traits. The findings of present work arequite useful in planning further research in this vital area of puerperalperiod and predicting future fertility.

18 Thesis title Study on sexual behavior, seminal characteristics and major hsp gene inrelation to fertility in Kankrej Bulls

Name of student Rathod B. S.Name of guide Dr. H. C. NakhashiYear 2018Conclusion The present research “Study on sexual behavior, seminal characteristics and

major HSP gene in relation to fertility in Kankrej bulls” was carried outduring three seasons from Nov 2016 to Oct 2017 at the Department ofGynaecology and Obstetrics, College of Veterinary Science and AnimalHusbandry in collaboration with the LRS, SDAU, Sardarkrushinagar,Gujarat and CIRC, ICAR, Meerut. The study was carried out to know theseasonal variation and correlation among and between the sexual behaviour,semen traits, conception rate and heat shock protein expression in Kankrejbull. The climatic and physiological parameters were recorded to calculatetemperature humidity index and heat tolerance coefficient. A total of 144observations and semen samples availed at fortnight interval during eachseason from six bulls were utilized. The sequencing of HSP70 (245 bp)

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promoter region, transcriptome and protein profiling of major HSP genes(60, 70, 90) in sperm was carried out.

Practical utility This research helps to select high fertility bulls by studying variousparameters like sexual behaviour, semen quality, field conception rate, thepolymorphism in the promoter region of the HSP70 and the mRNA andprotein expression of major HSPs (60, 70 and 90).

Theme: Animal Production1. Thesis title Effect of housing systems on production performance and behaviour of

Kankrej Cows during different seasonsName of student Chauhan H. D.Name of guide Dr. K. B. PrajapatiYear 2010Conclusion An experiment was undertaken from February-2009 to January-2010 at

Livestock Research Station, Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada AgriculturalUniversity, Sardarkrushinagar to investigate the effect of housing systemson production performance and behaviour of lactating Kankrej cows duringsummer, monsoon and winter seasons. A set of six cows were allotted tothree treatment groups, six animals each randomly. The treatments wereRCC-shed (T1), Thatched roof shed (T2) and Tree shelter (T3).

Practical utility Study showed that for lactating Kankrej cows, RCC shed was better duringwinter and monsoon season. However, tree shelter was found better forthem during summer.

2 Thesis title Effects of different urea levels on nutrient utilization, rumen characteristicsand growth performance of growing camels fed complete feed pellet diets

Name of student Ntiranyibagira EmmanuelName of guide Dr. S. R. Bhagwat

Year 2014Conclusion For this study, eighteen growing camels with an average live body weight of

306.17± 1.34 kg were randomly assigned in three treatments to determinethe effect of graded levels of urea on feed, nutrient and water intake,digestibility, economics of feeding, serum and rumen biochemical changes,and rumen microbial activity. Three experimental diets T-1, T-2, T-3containing 0.0, 1.0 and 2.0 per cent of urea, respectively, were formulatedand used in this study. In diet T-1, there was no urea supplementation and itserved as control and in diets T-2 and T-3, mustard cake and soya churiwere replaced by urea on nitrogen equivalent basis. The percentages of DM,OM, EE, NDF and ADF on DM basis were similar among these diets.

Practical utility Study demonstrated that feeding roughage based complete pellet dietscontaining urea at 1.0 percent level could be the optimum level for growingcamels.

3 Thesis title Molecular characterization of β -defensins expressed in mammary tissueBubalus bubalis with reference to clinical mastitis

Name of student Hemen DasName of guide Dr. A. LateefYear 2015Conclusion The current study was undertaken to identify and characterize β-defensins

expressed in mammary gland of buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) during clinicalmastitis both at peptide and gene level.

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of

Accordingly, for characterization of β-defensin peptides, the cationicproteins and peptides were first isolated from pooled milk samples ofclinically mastitic buffaloes using ion exchange chromatography with CM-Macroprep matrix and eluted in 5% acetic acid. Ultrafiltration with 10 kDacutoff centrisart membrane filter was used to separate out the low molecularweight cationic peptides from this crude extract of proteins and peptides,which were subsequently subjected to electrophoretic characterization afterdetermining the concentration. The pooled sample of milk collected fromclinically healthy buffaloes was also processed similarly and the peptidesisolated thereby were used as control for the study.Analytical acetic acid urea-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (AU-PAGE)in 15% gel resolved the <10 kDa peptide fraction of mastitic milk into threepeptide bands unlike that of healthy milk confirming their cationicity, sinceAU-PAGE detects only low molecular weight cationic peptides. Similarly,sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE)using 5-20% linear gradient gel also revealed the presence of three peptidesin this fraction of mastitis milk, out of which two peptides resolved aroundthe zone of 3-6 kDa, the standard molecular weight range of β-defensinfamily of peptides. Subsequently, the two peptides with molecular weight of4.3 kDa and 4.4 kDa were analyzed through matrix-assisted laser desorptionionization time of #ight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry, which identifiedthem as BD-4 and LAP, two congeners of β-defensin family. However, nosuch peptides were present in <10 kDa peptide fraction of healthy milk.Sequence homology study as well as phylogeny analysis using DNAstarsoftware confirmed buffalo BD-4 and LAP to be the orthologues of cattleBD-4 and LAP, respectively originated through gene duplication eventduring the process of evolution and diversified at the point of speciation ofthe bovine species.

Practical utility The study demonstrated the possible role of β-defensin peptides in innatedefense mechanism of the mammary gland of buffalo.

The data generated during the study may be of extreme importance fordevelopment of peptide based therapeutics for treatment and control ofbovine mastitis in future.

4 Thesis title Culling and disposal pattern of Kankrej cattle at organized farms of Gujaratstate

Name of student Ankuya K. J.Name of guide Dr. K. B. PrajapatiYear 2016Conclusion An analysis was performed to study the culling and disposal pattern of

Kankrej cattle at organized farms of Gujarat State. The Kankrej herdsmaintained at LRS, Sardarkrushinagar, CBF, Thara and CBF, Bhuj wereselected for the study. Data were compiled from different disposal andproduction records over the period of January 2003 to December 2013 andwere analyzed using General Linear Model (GLM) procedure in the SPSSstatistical software (version 20.0).

Practical utility -To find out lifetime traits of Kankrej cattle so that we can put forwardKankrej cattle to farmers community and can say Kankrej is comparable toCrossbred.-To find out probable causes of culling at various stations.

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V. ENGINEERING

College of Renewable Energy and Environmental Engineering,

SardarkrushinagarFaculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology

Theme: Farm Machinery and Power EngineeringS.No.

1. Thesis title Performance evaluation of different resource conservation machineriesunder rainfed condition of North-Gujarat region for greengram[Vigna radiata (L.)]

Name of student V. M. ModiName of guide Dr. R. N. SinghYear 2016Conclusion In descending order, roto till drill/ strip till drill/ zero till drill after

operation of laser land levelling have found to be appropriate resourceconservation machineries for higher tractive performance, better yield andenergy efficiency, lesser specific cost of production and higher benefit : costratio than traditional method of sowing for greengram crop in loamy sandsoil of North Gujarat region under rainfed condition.

Practical utility Use of resource conservation machineries i.e., laser land leveller, roto tilldrill, strip till drill and zero till drill are most resource efficientmachineries for greengram crop in loamy sand soil of North Gujarat regionunder rainfed condition as compared to traditional method of sowing.

2 Thesis title Design and development of walking type power operated pneumatic

cotton pickerName of student Alok GoraName of guide Dr. R. N. SinghYear 2018Conclusion 1. It is a noble walking type pneumatic cotton picker. Although pneumatic

knapsack cotton pickers are available in market, but none of them arewalking type. This reduces the carrying load and human stress.

2. Picking force is inversely proportional to weight and volume of cottonbolls. Lower bolls weight and volume require more picking force,whereas higher bolls weight and volume requires lesser picking force.

3. The picking spout diameter has a significant effect on air velocity,sucking pressure, picking capacity, picking efficiency and harvestinglosses. Picking spout diameter was inversely proportional to air velocity,sucking pressure, picking capacity, picking efficiency and harvestinglosses.

4. The aspirator speed has a significant effect on air velocity, suckingpressure, picking capacity, picking efficiency, trash content, fuelconsumption and harvesting losses. Aspirator speed was directlyproportion to air velocity, sucking pressure, picking capacity, pickingefficiency, trash content, fuel consumption and harvesting losses.

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5. Although the highest picking efficiency and picking capacity wererecorded at 30 mm picking spout diameter working in 6000 rpm ofaspirator speed, it is recommendate to operate this picker at 30 mmpicking spout diameter working in 5000 rpm of aspirator speed toreduce harvesting losses and trash content.

6. The highest picking efficiency was observed with manual cotton pickingbut it was time consuming and involved drudgery operation.

7. The cost of walking type power operated pneumatic cotton picker wasworked out as Rs. 25000/- and cost of picking was Rs. 10.39/- which cansave 52.77 per cent of cost compared to conventional picking.

Practical utility Mechanical picker will be helpful in achieving timeliness and stress less

operation. This will also reduces the delay in cultivating next crop and

increase the cropping intensity. Even though picking efficiency is highest

in the manual operation, considering the other parameters like picking

capacity, trash content, picking cost, break even point, pay back period,

saving in picking cost and time saving along with picking efficiency, this

cotton picker is found very promising.

Theme: Soil and Water Engineering3 Thesis title Assessment of groundwater recharge potential in Saraswati basin in

Gujarat of IndiaName of student B. S. ParmarName of guide Dr. B. S. DeoraYear 2017Conclusion Statistical test analysis of rainfall series

In homogeneity analysis of rainfall, the monthly rainfall series was thehighest among all, indicated homogeneity in 89.40 per cent stationsfollowed by one day and seasonal rainfall series with homogeneity in 89.10and 88.39 per cent cases, respectively. Out of 16 stations, Mukteshwar andRatanpur stations indicated highest homogeneity in all the rainfall timeseries. Among the statistical test, the Hartley test and Cumulativedeviation test were obtained with highest output, indicating homogeneityin 97.91 and 96.87 per cent cases, followed by Link Wallace test and Tukeytest in 95.83 and 95.51 per cent cases, respectively. On the basis of resultson homogeneity, all the rainfall series of the Saraswati basin wereconsidered homogenous. The normality test statistics indicated that therainfall time series of study area follow normal distribution. The results ondetection of trend, indicated that the trend was absent in the rainfall seriesbarring a few stations.

Rainfall groundwater variability and relationship

The results revealed that the average SNRF was observed the highest atDanta (886.3 mm) and the lowest at Sami (564.8 mm) stations. The averagegroundwater levels were observed to be the deepest in Palanpur area(21.14 m) followed by Kanodar (21.05 m) and Vadgam (19.66 m). The

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highest drop down of groundwater levels during 1995 to 2012 wereobserved in Kanodar area (32.68 m), followed by Palanpur (28.91 m) andSiddhapur (22.87 m) area. The groundwater depletion was observed to be

more than 1 m/y in five areas (polygons) with highest in Kanodar area(1.92 rnIy). The average groundwater depletion of the basin was assessed0.61 m/y. Out of the 1725.26 sq.km basin area, 1462.68 sq. km (84.78 %) ofbasin area was observed under declining groundwater conditions. Theregression analysis between seasonal rainfall vs. post monsoongroundwater levels and seasonal rainfall vs. water level #uctuationsrevealed very low value of goodness of fit (R2:0.139 and 0.144).Estimation of groundwater rechargeThe potential groundwater recharge estimated by Thornthwaite-Mather (T-M) method was obtained minimum 177.8 mm/y (55.7 %) and maximum940.9 mm/y (78.9 %). The aquifers of study area were identified as highalluvial aquifer (HAA), low alluvial aquifer (LAA) and crystallineweathered rock aquifer (CWRA) covering an area of 801.86 sq. km, 479.58sq. km and 433.81 sq. km, respectively. The station wise net recharge (NR)was estimated the highest of 309.6 mm/y in Navawas and the lowest of48.1 mm/y in Ratanpur area with basin average of 12l.5 mm/y. The net

sed from 6.6 to 33.2 per cent of seasonal rainfall

the seasonal rainfall net recharge empirical relationship (model)vs.for Saraswati basin was derived and validated. The modelefficiency of the developed model was obtained as 91.04 per cent.Delineation of groundwater recharge potential zonesThe groundwater potential index (GWPl) was categorised as; lowgroundwater recharge potential zone, GWPI <2.25; moderate groundwaterrecharge potential zone, 2.25< GWPI < 4.25 and high groundwaterrecharge potential zone, GWPI > 4.25. The low groundwater rechargepotential zone, moderate groundwater recharge potential and highgroundwater recharge potential zone covered 176.43 sq. km, 1180.66 sq. kmand 368.23 sq. km of the basin area, respectively. The net recharge of thelow, moderate and high groundwater recharge potential zones wereassessed as 8l.9 mm/y, 114.1 mm/y and 153.4 mm/y, respectively whichwere found corresponding to the groundwater potential index hence, thedelineated groundwater recharge potential zones through the MCDM andAHP approach were considered valid.

Practical utility The study is useful for assessment of groundwater recharge potential inSarswati basin in Gujarat of India.

Theme: Process and Food Engineering

4 Thesis title Study on different methods of extraction of juice and its storage in

pomegranate (Punica grantum L.)Name of student M. B. PatelName of guide Dr. S. H. Suthar

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recharge was asses

with an average of 19.2 per cent. Using the SPSS 17 software,

Year 2018Conclusion It was concluded that pomegranate given five minute pre heat treatment at

700 C in water bath followed by extraction of juice in automaticpomegranate juicer found suitable. The extracted juice was evaluated forphysico-chemical, sensory and microbial analysis at an interval of 30 daysto find the shelf life of the juice. The chemical properties and sensory score

were found to be higher in refrigerated storage as compared to roomstorage in all storage duration. It may be concluded that the pomegranatejuice should be stored at refrigerated temperature to get microbial free andquality pomegranate juice about four month storage.

Practical utility The results of the study could be utilized for commercial juice extraction ofpomegranate and its storage.

5 Thesis title Study on drying of date halves and storage of its productsName of student N. N. DesaiName of guide Dr. G. K. SaxenaYear 2018Conclusion The solar cabinet dryer was found to be more efficient than the open sun

drying. It provides complete protection from insects, birds, rain and dusts.The date halves dried in solar cabinet dryer gives better results inmaintaining better appearance, colour and texture. The date halves driedafter blanching treatment took minimum drying time under all threedrying methods, and also presented better colour and texture. The solarcabinet drying technology ensured desired level of moisture content;freedom from infestation, spoilage and bacteria. It was found appropriatefor prolonged shelf life. Shelf life of date halves could be extended up to 6months without much deterioration in quality by using aluminium foilpackaging material at ambient temperature.

Practical utility The results of the study could be utilized for commercial drying of datehalves and its storage.

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VI. HOME SCIENCES

Aspee College of Home Science, Sardarkrushinagar

Theme: Food and NutritionS.No.

1. Thesis title Standardization and evaluation of groundnut milk based food product

and probiotic curdsName of student Dave Preeti HarshadbhaiName of guide Dr. K. ShreedharanYear 2014Conclusion Nutritious and acceptable groundnut milk with good shelf life can be

prepared from the groundnut especially GG2 variety. The curd preparedfrom groundnut variety GG2 with addition of 2 per cent sucrose was foundto have the best acceptability nutritive values and shelf life. For probioticgroundnut curd preparation Lactobacillus helveticus and Lactobacillusrhamnosus were found as most suitable probiotic cultures with suitableamount of viable counts. Groundnut variety GG7 was found most suitablefor paneer preparation. Groundnut residue barfi was found well acceptablewith good nutritional value.

Practical utility Groundnut milk and milk based food products and probiotic curds havevery good potential to replace dairy based products and therefore haspotential to be utilize as therapeutic and supplementary foods with costeffectiveness.

2 Thesis title Assessment of nutritional status of preschool children and their mothers

rural area of Kutch district, GujaratName of student Joshi Prashant JitendrakumarName of guide Dr. B. G. PatelYear 2016Conclusion The people residing in rural areas had low socioeconomic status, poor

housing and hygienic conditions. The insanitary living conditions coupledwith grave inadequacies in food and nutrient intakes of both mothers andpreschool children in the rural areas resulted in significant height andweight deficits in the sample. BMI status of mothers and nutritional statusbased on Gomez classification of preschoolers also indicated malnutritionof varying grades among mothers (41.38 %) and preschool children (40.07%). Coexistence of over nutrition (9.46 %) and associated health problemssuch as physical weakness (97%), curmudgeon nature (22 .85%), back pain(20%) and abdominal pain (19.77%) were noticed among mothers. Furtherincidence of micronutrient deficiencies like anemia (31.92 %) was alsofound to pose serious problems to their nutritional wellbeing.Regarding morbidity pattern, frequent occurrences of fever (27 %), pimples& acne (19 %), cold and cough (18 %) were reported among the children.Occasional incidence of diarrhea (66.30 %) and vomiting (65.08 %) was also

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observed. Preschool children also presented a pitiable state in this respect.Irrespective of gender, they were affected with lack of luster of hair (8.76%),

pale tongue (11.61%), paleness nail (3.84%), dental caries (4.30%), bitot’sspot (0.38%), conjunctival xerosis (0.30%), chelosis (0.84%) and loss ofluster, dry & rough and crazy pavements (6.07%) were also observed.These findings clearly pointed out the role of nutritional status of mothersand the housing and hygienic facilities on the nutritional status ofpreschool children in the rural areas.Condition of the villages is continuously degrading due to urbanization.Therefore, people were not getting to the quick and right kind of facilitiesin rural areas. Lack of education and correct information is also found to beincreasing malnutrition in rural areas. Malnutrition in young children haslong term negative impacts on physical and cognitive development. Ruralpoor do not benefit much in terms of nutrition or wellbeing. In spite ofbetter availability employment opportunities and health care facilities, therural sector now needs increasing attention and organization.

Practical utility Study will be useful in planning further research and framing the policy toimplement various programs organized for children as well as mother.

3 Thesis title Development of protein rich biscuits and evaluation of its impact onnutritional status of school children

Name of student Thakor Nikulsinh ChandrasinhName of guide Dr. I. N. PatelYear 2017Conclusion Total 300 primary school children in the age group of 6 to 12 years (boys

and girls equal) were randomly selected from 9 schools of Amirgadh Talukafor the study. The findings of study showed that majority of respondentswere Hindu belonging from other backward class had a medium size offamily and having low socio-economic status. They were low weight orhad mild, moderate and sever levels of malnutrition. Various deficiencysymptoms were found among respondents. Four meal patterns werecommonly followed. Bajra and wheat were major cereals. Diets of primaryschool children were lacking with meat and meat products, while fruits,pluses, and other essential nutrients they were consumed very less.Consumption of green leafy vegetables was low. Vegetarian dietarypattern was mainly followed.

Addition at the rate of 70:20:10 wheat, soya and peanut #our in thepreparation of biscuit showed increased nutrition value and it wasacceptable. Data on impact study showed that feeding of nutrition richbiscuit were improved in nutritional status of the preschool children. Thus,the result of present study stress on empowering women with education,economic independence and decision making in child rearing followed byeducation on nutrition and health care, thereby achieving or an improvingin the nutritional status of primary school children in the study area.

Practical utility The data of present research help to planning of further study onnutritional status of population. Knowledge regarding malnutrition help to

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overcome problems of the same.4 Thesis title Nutritional and health status of farm woman in Banaskantha district of

GujaratName of student Joshi Sumitkumar Babulal

Name of guide Dr. B. G. PatelYear 2017Conclusion The social-economic status of farm women of Banaskantha District lived

with very low socio-economic status, high rate of illiteracy, bear heavyphysical workload and lacking some of the basic facilities. Anthropometricindices revealed a very poor anthropometric index as per WHO criteria. Aperusal of the clinical examination, showed various denied signs of proteindeficiency like easy pluckability of hair, #ag signs, lack of lustre, thinnessand sparseness. Some of them had nasolabial dyssebacea and diffusedepigmentation pale conjunctiva, xerosis, exophthalmia and bitot’s spot. Inaddition to this various other clinical sign of vitamin deficiency especiallyB-complex which includes angular stomatitis of mouth, cheilosis, glossitis,swollen bleeding gums, angular stomatitis, scarlets and raw tongue andglossitis of tongue. Clinical examination also revealed some others signs inmouth, nail and skin which includes mottled enamel, caries in teeth,bleeding gums, brittle nails, ridged nails and xerosis.Dietary survey showed that the farm women were vegetarian andfollowed three large meals. They follow a very simple dietary habit. Theyusually consumed bajra, wheat and maize as their staple cereal. Theconsumption of legumes and pulses was also very less and consumedoccasionally. The vegetables consumption depend upon its availabilityduring various seasons, especially winter. Onion and potato wereconsumed daily or twice a week. Again, it was observed that fruits such asmango and banana were consumed by most of the women during theseason. Mustard oil and Groundnut oil were used for cooking, while gheewas only consumed at the time of occasion. Few of them took preservedand processed foods while some consumed fast foods. The daily dietarypattern of the farm women revealed that chapatti/rotla with tea was themain item included in the breakfast, chapatti and other seasonal vegetableor sometimes kadhi were found to be the major food items of the lunch.During evening time women consumed tea with biscuits and sometimeskhari. During dinner, chapatti/rotla along with vegetable/chutney andsometime Khichdi were consumed by the women of reproductive age; theyalso consumed milk along with dinner. Finally, it can be concluded that thefarm women of six talukas in Banaskantha had poor anthropometricmeasurements, poor dietary intakes which lead to poor nutritional andhealth status. It is recommended that the poor nutritional status of womenhas important implications in terms of physical work capacity and adversereproductive outcome. There is an urgent need to intensify efforts toimprove the nutritional profile of farm women to optimize human resourcedevelopment. Efforts are necessary for exploring non-nutritional avenues

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such as imparting education, knowledge about nutritional needs andcreating nutritional and health awareness among women to ensure a betterquality of life for the next generation. Further studies on larger sample arerequired to determine the most appropriate reference to measure under-nutrition.

Practical utility Study will be useful in planning further research and framing the policy to

implement various programs organized by upliftment of women statusespecially of farm women.

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