ED 117 945

AUTHOR .Robbins, Janet L.TITLE - Norms of Descriptive Adjectiie Responses to Common

Nouns.

NOTE 7110-.; Not available in hard -copy due to marginal

.DOCUHENT RESUME'

0Q6, 34-9

gi

EDRS PRICE 1F-$0.83 Pluz-i4st&ge. e from E1DESCRIPTORS *Adjectives; *Association 'syciological);

Association Tests; Cognit e Processes; Form Classes '

(Languages); langua5e Pa terns; Language Research;Language Usage; Linguis is Performance; *Nominals;.*PSycholinguisticS; *S mantics; Verbal Stimuli;VocabAlary; Vdcabulary, kills

aDENTIPIERS *Word Association

ABSTRAC!EThis paper gives the results of a controlled

experiment on word association. The putpose was to establish norms ofcommonality ofTrimary descriptive adjective responses to common ,

nouns. The stimuli consisted of 203 common nouns selected from 10everyday topics of conversation, approximately 20 from each topic.There. were 350 subjects, 50% male, 50% female, Aelected from variousregions in the United States and stratified into.three age groups:15 -22, 51-65, and 66 and olden. 'The .norms, of commality wereestablished by-counting every-identic0. repetition of noun-adjectivepairs. Tv() tables giver (1) the index of common nouns used as stimulilin the experiment; and (2) the norms of descriptiveladjectiveresponses to common nouns, including the number of, repetitions.foreach adjective. The identical response pairs with the -largernumbers, such as 170 for winter--cold and 107 for circle--round, areconsidered of significant interest. (TL)

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NORN5 OF ,DESCRIPTIVE ADJECTIVE RESPONSES TO COMMON NOUNS'

IJ

er"

J.Q.. Robbins

University of Minnesotb4

)4

4

LT 7 arY AVAEABLE

ty

i:Sri' COPY AVM

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1

NORMS. OF DESCRIPTIVE ADJECTIVE RESPOWES TO.COMMONHODIANS

0 .

Introduction

The-purpose -cf arrrestritted,""wordHeasediat R-

experiment wdsto establish norms of,commonality of primary des riptei-v/e

adjective rePporTps tc 203 epmMon ;rc?.,pyd within ten ev4ryday.

.

topits o conversation. The common nounsiwere selected by choosing.

.

the u21 topics -nf converbtinn oith approximately twenty ormmpr.' nours

each tol:.fC%

:Although ftw "syntagmatic responsbs," or descriptive.adjvtive

responses to common no ns, are given on a free word avopiation test

:(Deese, 1965, 106), a controlled, or. rprtricted, Lord cvroof.atfon

test can be given. In a controlled word association test, each subject's

response is "chosen from a syecified semantici/

or conceptual Pategory"

(Crwer, 1968, 24).

Tq establish these norms subjects were selected by stratified

age groups. Probably "regional or geographic differenCes within the

,A . .

United States may not be large" for word aspopiation tests,(Entwisle,

1966, 56); yet, for the present etydy, the subjects were selected

in'grqups from each region of the United States. Only tho)irst

letter of each stimulus noun was capitalized, because 71. capital'ti

lett014'-lead to more proper names es responses (Cramer, 1968).

instructions were given to 20% of the subjects and ,written

'instructions were sent to the other 606 of thu subjects to'negate any

'differences in mAhod of instruction. which can influenco results

.(Cramer., 1968)..- Since females tend to eive more .common responses on

3

free associatlon tests (Palermo and Jenkins 19G5b) 50% of the

subjects are females and the other 50% of the subjects are males in

the present study..

V

. 4

I

fr

N

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4,

A

a

off

Smbjects

fit;

1

e

Three hundred and fifty subjects in two n5thern Midwes,tern,

-two 6Jestern,0 one Eastern, and three Southern states volUnteeree.

The states were Minnesota, Iowa, Colorado, California, Texas, Oklahoma,

.Florida, and Pennsylvania. Approximately half of the subjects were

males, and the other half were females: SubjeCts were selected

agually.in 'each of the fnllnicing age groups: fifteen through twenty-twor

years, fiiftv-one through sixty-five years, and sixty-six .years and

older. 'Approximately two-thirds of the subjects had.attsnned college

and the other one-third had attended high school. Most college rm-ljdrs,

,

and occupations and professiona were :Jampled. All subjects weret

normally functioning members of Society in the Unita:: States,

Stimuli

The stimuli for the pilot study of 100 subjects were a-written

list of 20 cnmmon nouns. The norms of tommonality were established -

by courting every identical repetition of the noun-adjective pairs.

This revealed at least 29% of the 100 pairs. For example, outof 100

subject' responses for student, the responses included 30 for ynung,.as'

23 for busy, and 8 fob` intelligent, or a total of 6170.. Next, the

First time a response was counted, it, was considered an original

yesponse and only a repetition thereafter, This led to at least 25%

repetitions fnr each pair. An illustration is student, with repetitions

of 29 for young, 22 for,busy,. and 7 for intelligent.

The stimuli for the next 100 subjects were written list of

200 cnmmon nouns; eased on 10 common topics of conversation. The

54

stimuli wei.e dividegfinto groups of twenty words for ten 6enetal

aress'of life, but the words Russidn and Chinese ware included es .

bokh al-Aciun of people and as'a language subject. EStabliShbet-Oi------

the norms of commonality of the rehpnnses led to the fact that 132 of)

. :thnoun% from the present author's.two original wordaSsociation

teats met .the establishbO criteria of yielding 29% identical respon'Ses

and.25% repetitions. .

The .132 common nouns wh ich met the criteria'were the written

.

stimuli fo the next 125 56ibjerta. Finally, the four written stimuli,.,

) A. . (-

fall, winter, ppring, and summer, weresenl, to an additional 25 subjects. .,

in the three Southern. states to add balance to the commaTality norms.

Stimulus Materials

Tht only stimulus materiels were othe letter of introdUction and

explanation, the tot of stimuli words, each subject's own'pencil'or

pen, and for ,the second. 100 subjects ech subject's own clock or

'watch.

Procedure ,

Eighty per cent of the subjects received the Written lett.br of

'instructions and the het of written stimuli. The other 20% oftne

subjects were read the uritten letter of instructions and were given

the, list of written stimuli. Only the first letter of each stimulus

weird was capitaliA. (Se Table 1.)So.

The letter of instructions for the second 100 subjects follows.

(

' ,Since I am writing my Honors Thesis in Psychology at the

University of Minnesota,'I would appreciate having you use a

clock with a secondhand and time to the next full second the

length of time that it takes You to writea descriptive adjective,

such as blue, big, nice,,etc., after 'nch noun or listed word.

Thank you for your .cooperation.

6

I

Th6 lettei of 'instructions for the Cther250 subjects follows.

Since Iain writing* my Honors Thesis in Psychology, dt the..

F.University Of Minnesota, I Wou-Id appreo4at . having you write your4%- first descriptive adjective re--:4pdnge such es blue, big, rr;pei -,:.

etc., after each noun or listed word. P .. ,Thank you'for your coOper.ation. *,

.The 80% of the subjects who rece ived their stimuli bl mail,

sent them back to the experimenter.. The'other 20% turned them into-

the experimenter when the.subject had completed,wriiing,his.. responses.

The return rate- of Subjectje tests for the pilot study was d..00%.

The author originally gave or'sent one test to each ofil0 subjects,for

the second7group'of 100 returned. tests; thus; 100'returned the test

promptly, nine were never returned, 'and one was returned much later.),

Of 200 tests sent out, the third group o1' 125 tests were collected.

The return rate for the four bdllancing Wqrd tests was 100%. Since .

x'the norms were established by stratified age groups Tirld sections of

the country Of.r'eturned controlled wrrd association tests, the, iuthor... ,-, r,

.

feels that the return rate is irrelevant to the results..

7

I.

t '

4

6

.The norms of commonality of primary adjective responses to

common nouns are presented in Table 2. (See Table 2.) Although the

cut Off criteria provided trig basis' of the study, the larger number

of identical response pairs, such as 170 for winter- -cold and 107 for.'"

circleround are of most'interest to the author.

The listing for 100' subjects of Chinese and Russian inclUded in

each a'group of people and a language fop'study resulted in two diffeednt

sets of pairs of identical responses. When the listing of Christians

for 92 subjects was included' under groups of people and under happy

occasions, the responses, were usually dupl4cates.,

.Although the reaction times of each of the second 100 subjects

to each stimulus noun Were collected and analyzed, these data seem

irrelevant to the establishment' of norms of commonality.

/Norms still need'to be established for children nder the age f

15 years. would have been better to have used lower identical

response pair an0 repetition scores fdr the cut off point for giving

the common nouns as stimuli to the last 125 subjects. Several of the

,ommpn nouns t.-.e..ee close to tOs:: cut off point and, every grnup of 100

subjects does not respond with the ZE1Me number of identical response

pairs and repetitions.

The index fnr the order of the 203 common nouns is n Table 1.

(See Table 14_,

Norms of commonality of primi.ry descriptive adjective resppnsesr

f I

to common nouns with each noun's tabulated numbers of identical

responses are in Table 2. (6ee Table 2.)

8

.4

r

.Table 1

Tn crex of "Cb mm on- 11toUils

Mgther Government

Father Church

Sister City#

Brother Town

Coustn County

Aunt Country

Uncle Village.

Grandmother Township

Grandfather( 05orougn

Self /Hospitak

Teacher, Office

Student. Clasp

Minister Represerlatia,

Doctor 4

Dentist 'President

'Librarian Judge

Employer Jury

Employee Mathematics

Supervisor Physics

Child Chemistry

School English

College Spanish

University French

7

Psychology

Art

Musid

Education

Philosophy

History

Engineering

TheatrePI

Biology

Foi.estry,

German

Law

Square

Circle

Triangle

Spring

Summer

Fall

Mountains

Valley

Plains.

Desert

Arctic

Europe

'Africa

Asia.

ArierIcas

Tundra

8

Train Blouse

Jet .Sweater

Airplane Slacks

Desk Suit

Stool Coat

Shelves Hat

Rain Vegetables Gloves

Sun Meat y Shirt

Snow Milk Belt

Sleet I Fruit '0Ockt#-

Antarctica. Cereal Shoes

, Australia Juice Boots

4 sal;d Tomato Umbrella'

RoCk Hath Mittens\

#

Table Cheese Hose

Chair Bread ..Slip

Piano Orange Scarf

Organ Cake. Jacket

Bed Pie Bank6

Apple Purse

Lettuce Loan

Steak Payment

Egg Check

Tuna OCdsh

Butter Dollars,

'Couch

Stove

iefriger4or

House

Calk,

Truck .

Bicycle

Tricycle

Coffee Cents

Dress. Savings

Bus Skirt Insurance

10

Will ,

Donation

Gift'

Gold

Economy

Trade

Employment.

tompenseition

Welfare

Finances

Whites.

Blacks

Negroes .

Clokcanos

Minority

Citizerie

Foreigners

*Visitors

'Russian

Chinese

Americans

Christians

Jobs

Hindus

Moslems

Indians

Mexicans

Agnostics

Catholics

Atheists

Birth

Death

Btrthday-

Christmas

Easter

Passover

Holiday

.Cohversion

Baptism

Matriage

Divorce

Locatioh

Relocation

Annivassary

Wedding

Festival'

-Feast.

Reunion

Thanksgiving

11,

----table 2'..4%

Nofhs of.Descriptive Adjective .Responses to Common Nouns

Mother (n -325) (Father)

kind 4, 47

loving 44 ,

warm .23

good 13.

beautiful

young

underystanding

l'sweet

patient

lovable

tender

MY

fat.

protective

gentle

nice

weak .

Father (h.325)e

strong

6

5

5

4

3

'2

co

2

2

2_ ;

2

goOd

kind

stern

bigo

dependable

proud

gentle

nice

strict

authoritatilie

old .

helpful .

respectful-

wonderful

warm

dominant.2

logical °

.2,

Sister '(n.325).

41,older

1. 2 .

C

.

39

10

9

8

6

4 -

4.

.4

. 7

/

3

3

2

r 2

2

2

z

_41

(iister) _ Biokher

little 32 older

-younger younger,

7

cute'.~ o 2Q little,

.10iing-, handomft

pretty' g friendly:

friendly- a 6 gpod,

fQ

swell fun

Yoyg helpful

-stall nice

,generous

young

3 elder

beautiful

kind

JjkAPPY

intelligent

sassy

blond,

helpful

2 -; messed up

. mY

good

her

fussy

energic

favorite

understanding

2

2 unhierstanding

Cousin (n =225)

2 first

2 distant

friendly

kissing.

'retard

tall

47 gOocU.U

13.

(CpUsin)

small

; snobbish

9Fet\

weird

-country

close

oler

n=100;)

loving

rcold

pretty-

gentle'

mean

oldc)

. sweet2

Paint (n4100)

Older

great.

aeseent

sweet

Grandfather (n--.100)

2

,

2-

laying

--pptient

dead"-

proud."2

. bonest

) friendly

sturdr

Self (n.241,00).:,

laving

Uncle (n.100)

favorite

rich

slim

jolly!

big

balding

.3

2

,.

2.

hopeful'

egotistical

selfish

lonely

goad

14

'reacher nr.325)

older

intelligent

demanding

knowledgeable

Stern

Arnait

good

strict

learned.A

kind

dedicated

excellent

capable

helpful

boring

respectful

interesting

emotional

considerate

aged

supervising,

talking

concerned

eager

dull

hard

(Teacher)

\f)old

22

authoritarian21

authoritative14

12. Student (n7325)

8

7young

busy7

studious

smart5

intelligent4

good3

working3

3lazy

tired3

Poor3.

patient.2

single2

interested

hard working

bright.

industrious

6

2'

2 Minister .(1=100)

2

2

2

1.5

foreign

visiting

39

30

16.

16'

12

12

5

4

3

3

2

2

2

2

2

2

-2

6

(010#90:

understanding 4 out 2 .

1 careful (2

Doctor (n=225)knowledgeable 2

effiCient 24 concerned 2

medicalDentist (n=100)

-good 10

family 8 painful

-IS.

old , 7

busy 6'

capable.

helpful.

quaCk

kind 4

'4

Libr an (n=100)

.4

painlessd-

carefree

talkati4N

'friendly

patient

3.

3 aged

Jct. 10

.quiet

. .

. nicex

,

efficient-

.._,

white 3 . silent

competent r 3Employer n=100) :

:expensive 2'

,

brilliant .. 2 stern'

surgidal,

2.. strict-

educated 2 .fair

reliable 2 reliable,'. .. '

.

special. 2

,

,,

,Employee (n=100):

experienced, 2

. ° .,.

professional,

2 reliable.

16

6

. 4

3

2

,3

2

2

(Employee)

neat

good

You,A9

4'

sullen

ambitious

Supervisor In=100Y 4

understanding

`bully

old

efficient. .

II

2

fp

Child (n =225)

small 3Q

:little < 12

beautiful 9

sweet

young 7

innocent 6

lovable 3

happy 3

blond 2

smiling 2

crying. 2

playful 21

inquiring 2

0

(Child)

first

, naive

1OVing

noisy

trusting

cute

depended

naughty

School (n400)

brick

new

noisy

old

College (n=1R0) .

small

defunct

large

accredited

:University

corrupt

bureaucratic

democratic'

free.

2

2,

2.

2

2

(University)

Nogood

Government (n=100)

-corrilpt 5

'bureaucrat*C. 47

democratic 4

free 4

. good - 3

Church (n=225). ,

,

rn

(Church) ,

beautiful

irot4stant'

quiet

Catholic

25'

17

8

6V..

stone, 5

.

. spiritual 4

big, 3

t large 3

holy 3)

11'611 t,3

active 2

good 2

brick 2

irresponsible'

Gothic 2

friendly 2

18

16

concerned

hypocritical

City n=100)

large

dirty

hot

expanding.

neat

, beautiful

Town (n=225) .

"

small 86

friendly 21

4

2-

13

6

2

2

° ,2'

lau,Sy ''5

peaceful 3-

old i .

cool . 2

Clean : 2

quiet 2

little. 2

sleepy

down

-home

1

2

2

2

CoUnty (n=100)

.large

Smaller

rich1'

2.

HoSpital (n=100)

.-9

3

(Borough)

small

noisy

busy

dark'

Country (n=100)

free

-.green,

):autt-fui

great

Village (n=100)

small

quaint

pretty

tiny

.41161

"Township (n400)

c4.ean

sanitary'

efficient ,

large ,.

qaiet,

Office .(n=1003

12

small

4

2

i

busy c

empty

large

irMer4

Clans (n100)

6 graduating

square 5 largeA

adjoining 2 obnoxious s-#

Borough (n=100)Representative (n=100)

I

winding 3new

young

A

19ak

5,o

4

2

10

5

2'

4

(Representative) (Jury)

thoughtless

, tilkati4e

Senator (n=100)

rung

old ;#,

incumbent

smiliP9

-President (n=100)

.::torrupt

/ wise

'responsible.

koopular

confident

responding

Judge (n=100)

fair

wise

honorable

critical

Jury (n=100)

hung

a

2

2

: fair

d) umb

Mathematics (n=225)

higher

4 easy

A 3 - diffidUlt

2 hard

boriftg

a view

5 coMpliCated,

4 numerical

3 fun

3 hateful

3 applied

dull

algebraic

logical

9 e9mplex

6 mechanical

3Physifs (n=225)

24

4

3

4

2

2t

2

2

2

simple 14

hard t 12

14 puzzling 11

20..

physics)

difficult

usefule-f

nuclear

scientifiC

dull

Ahsured.

theoretical

confusinj

harder.e

molecular. ,

quantum.

geo

dry.

bad

atomic

interesting

complex

terrible

boring

Chemistry (n=100)

English (n =225)

4

2.

.2

2

2

2

2

.2.

2

It 2

2

2

2 .

2

smelling 9

bubbling 5

irtteresting 4

difficult i ,4

simple 2

21

perfect , 18

fluent 16 .

broken 14'

-gdod.

interesting

difficult.

native

1144.

soft

spoken

friendly

exciting

poor

fun-

arrogant

modern

fasanating

stuffy

.tricky

Spanish (n=225)

1

speaking

easy /

musical

*.romantic

3.1..

.2'

2.

2

2

2 ,

2

2

2

18

14

10

10

(Spanish) (French)

20

spoor

hard

good,

fluent

8

5

5

4

musical,

nasal

precise

hard

5

"5

4

'4

, difficult. .

difficult '3

, dark 4 old

(daring. I'

.3 :

,

Parisiant-

2

melo6dide

II 'pleasant .

..,

.

.

artistic 2' gay .2, .. . 1.

interesting /2 ,fluent 2

challenging 2 articulate 2

flOwing-,

2 Canadian 2

nice 2 "fluid 2

. -' melodious' ' 2

'Psychology (n.225)C

romance 2

classical 2 human 18

child. 17French (n=2251

interesting 15

romantic 12,. abnormal 8

easy- 11 understanding 7

flowery 8 diffiCult 6

poor 6 Applied 5

beautiful 6 unpopular 4

interesting 5 easy 3

,quaintr° 5

behavioral 3'

..

. (Psychology) (Art)

-useful,

Freudian.(

3

t4 scientific 2J

.

personal 2 - '

poor,, /2

d

overemphasized , 24 , o -.

*.general

2i

fine4

pleasant 3

pretty 3.-

displayed .2

stimulating : 2

Medieval 2

. . 2

g ' Music:M=325)Mental+ . 2 .---'

, r : -

'

.

fascthating .. 2 soothing, A . .22

difficult 2 classical 1 -22. .

....11A---7-------.

v

pseudo . 2 .: enjoyable- 20I

s4lly 2 qUitt /, ,,,* 19 .

existential 2 be.s.autiful 14

social ' 2, loud r 13.

theciretical 2. soft 13

Art (nas325)

creative

escpressive,

beautiful

itoP

modern

interesting

colorful

Color

Grecian

melodious 7

sweet 6

31 refreshing

25 rock ' 4

24 modern 3

good 3

13 restful 3

10 .impressionist 2

9 syMphonic 2

4 plessegul 2

3 'jazz 2

23

N

(Music)

harmonious

folk

Education (n.225)

,g2

(Education)

2 great /.2

formal 2 -

Philosophy: (n.1225)

14 pesonal.

special 12 liviag

-continuing' 11 . my

, necessary 10 interesting

*econdarlio 5 Greek

Igood . 5 ancient

dull . 4/7 boring

completing 4 practical

helpful 4 life's

useful 3 great'._.. .

laborious: 3 Simple."

pri7gry 3 deep....

elementary . 3 logical

simple 2 Platonic

essential0 .

practical

learning

interesting

inadequate

liberal

boring

hard

2

2

old,

senseless

2 human

2 moral

sound

2 Aristotlean

2 necessary

2 ,gartesian,

24o

9

8

8

2

7

4

3

3

2

2

2

22

2

2

2

(Philosophy).

profound

stimulating

44,RKi

2

2

basic '- 2

thinking 2'

irrelevant 2

dull

ta

2

History n=225) 4

31

ancient 28

interesting

recording

--.-. pest

co8

7

fascinating 6

living 5

changing

EnglishConstruction

boring 4 .

2

23

Engineering (n=225)

mechanical

.'electrical 21

civilrr

18j

chemical :

mathematical - 8.0

mining 6 J'

practical . 6

building

structural .

dull 4

'boring 3

constructive -3

difficult 3

technical 3

exacting 2

hard 2

52

dull 3

American

timeless

vital

Medieval

informative

2

2

2

2 '

fun 2

-2 9

drawing

useful

crowded

contract

space

county

essential

2

2

2

2

2

3

2

(Engineering). (Theatre)

.

aeronautical 2.1, ... ,..: absurd.or

dry ,' z fasCinating :

. .

V .

Theatre (n=225) . Biology (n=100)L

.,.

dramatic 18 classifyingi .1.

,4

.living

t 15: simple'

.. e .

progressive , 9 interesting.

entertaining 8 difficult. ,

....

fun 8 living

ti

beautiful 5Forestry (n225)

artful 5

uncouth 4 green-

Guthrie , .4 preserving

exciting 4 beautifying

creative 3 'interesting

enjoyable 3 protective.1 ,

good 3 '1430014S

movie 3:. natural

ZP

open 3 seeding ,

roudy° 3 'important

interesting* 3 conservatin

'large 2 practical

round 2 free

fantastic 2 lonely'

I

;

mysterious 2 exciting

-avant'gard 2 good

26Ma

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t

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4

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2

2

2

0

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peacefur

necessary

dull

r.

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glitteral

intelligent,

harsh

stout

haughty.

2

19

9

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Strict

ridiculous

Just

complete:

painful

regulating

new.

peaceful .

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hard

easy

perfect

geometric

handsome' 3flat

stubborn 3four

rigid p 3cubical

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rich 2straight

early

systematic ,

2

rectangular

evengood 2

bigEast 2

sharptough

West

2

2

equal,

red*

excellent 2hard

'difficult 2

27

(Square) (Triangle), .

equilateral 2 three-cornered

blue 2 odd

round 2 big

Circle (n=225) Winter (n =350)

round 107 'Cold

snowy

white

'large 20

red . 4

small 4

170

38p

,longy

continuous. 4 Ol

smoth wea

Unending. H-2 4 warm

8

5

3

3

3

whole 2 rainy..

foggy

rTriangle (n=225)

isosceles

equilateral

25

clear.

hard

21 icy

red,

20 mild

obtuse .

hree -sided

musical

pointed

right

love

geometrical

3

If

4 'bleak

t 8 howling

, .

7 Minnesota

. '6

4

3 green'

3 rainy

Spring (n=350)

28

2

2

2

36,

34

(Spring)

'pleasant

beautiful

fresh

wet

cool

lovely

foggy

... windy

nice

'.stormy

hdtpitable

gentle

lazy

bursting

bright

'lively

pleasant

cozy

.happy

late

refreshing,

Summer (n=350)

hot

warm

Summer)

25 beautiful

24 lazy

10 humid

10 breezy

7 flowering

4 scorching

3 steamy

3 relaxing

3

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

fun

dry

bright

desolate

fragrant

Fall (n=350)

16

4

4

3

3

3

3

3

2

2

colorful 56

brown 38

crisp 21

Tcool 15

beautiful

calm 14

dry 11

rainy 9

94 warm 9

37 windy 9

29

(Fall)4

clearNw

....--

foggy

pleasanti

arid'

brisk

_dyingK.

Mountains (ri=325)

high

rotky'

tall

lofty

snowy :

beautiful -i,.,,

steep ,

rugged

burnt

barren

towering

purPle

breath taking

Valley (n=325)

green

deep

peaceful

(Valley)

4 low 16

3 hidden 9

3 narrow % 8

2 winding 3.

2 fertile - 3

2 hot \ 2

Plains, (n=325)

28

55 flat - 85

27 rolling '23

22 sprawling 12

.18, wider 12

15 broad , 9

14 great 9 .

9 level 5-

-,_

3 brown 5

2 -open4.'

2 western 3

2 vast 3

2 high 2

2 smooth 2

unending

golden 2o

67 grassy 2

43

20

30

5

Desert (n=325)

hot,

dry

arid

sandy.

shifting

barren

windy

huge

/arge

Arctid n=225)

cold

frigid

frozen

.polar

icy .

white

frozen.

freezing

Europe (nj100)

old

. beautiful

divided

40

P.

31

20

10

6

3

2

2

29

Africa (n=225)

hot 23

darkest 20

black 16

tropical 10

dark 7

wild 6

South A

sandy 3

wealthy 3

huge

distant

3

83Asia (n=l0P0

18 .

13. Oriental

9 mysterious

8 Warring

5 vast

5

Americas3

11

8

beautiful

friendly

picturesque

connecting

4 prdductive

31 .

7

5

2

TUndra (n225)

frozen. 2944

cold 25

mossy y9

desolate 8

vast 8

treeless i 7

Windy 2

barren 2

dry . 2

flat 2

Rain (n.100)

wet .11

falling 8

dripping > 63

gentle -2

Sun

,

n=225)

hoter

60,

bright - .28

warm n

i

25

red 8

setting

soft

5

32

(Sun).

blazing

golden

30

Snow In=225)

.

White' 68

cold.

,

/19

drifting

falling...

blowing

8

7-

:6

melting 5

sparkling 4

wet 3'

pretty. 2

soft 2

Sleet (n =225)

'cold .. 31

icY 22

hard , 12

wet 9.

sharp1

8

slippery 4

serable r

prickly 2

Antarctica (n=225) (Austral )

large 4

coil 65southern 3

frozen 25barren` 2

frigid s 20

interesting 2

icy.

distant 4 Sand (n=225)

south 4

white 3white 25,

tiot 26

enormous 3

smooth 17

lonely 2

fine: 13"

freezing 2

4gritty 12

Australia' (n =225.) grainy, 8

Wet 7

afar 18soft 7

distant .7

rough. .6

far away 6warm 5

sandy. 5

brown 5.

'beautiful 5

scratchy 3

empty 4cmarse 3

hilly 4 4dry 3

small 4golden 3

windy 4quick 2

green 4

far 4 Rock (n=225)

big 4hard 94

(Rock)

solid

smooth

pretty

flat

heavy

strong

rough

Table In=100)

round.

carved

flat

large

Chair (n=100)

Organ (n=100)

24

Pipe18

hand6 . .

electrical.2

'antique2

2 Bed (n.225)

2

17

5

2

comfortable 9

straight 6

soft 7

broken 2

Piano (n=100)

beautiful 7

polished 4

blond .

34

soft

comfortable

warm

sleepy

comfort

water

Couch (n=225)

comfortable

soft

long

greep,

relaxrelaxing

hard

sagging

reclining

dirty

cozy

. 3>

(Couch) (Refrigerator)

uncomfortable 2: cooling 8

velvet 2 electric 7

inviting.

pretty

2 new

empty.

sexy Qtold 3

restful 2 modern 3

comfy 2 froSt tree 2

useable 2Stove (n=225)

pink 2

hOt 69 preserving: 2

cooking 11 nioisy 2

gas -- 10House (n=10b)

cold 7

black

dirtyp

green

old

7

6

warm=

2 large 5

electric. 2 white 5

potbellied 2 empty 5

red 2

Car (n=100)white 2

new 10Refrigerator (n =225)

old. 7'

cold 53 small 7

white 18 rusty 4

full 10

large 8

35

Truck (n*100) Bqs (n=225)

large .

powerful

Carty

noisy

13

4

4

3

smelly

dirty

red

crowded

YellOwBicycle

slow

speedy . 1.2 school_

new 4 large

touring 3 noisy

red 2 old

cityTricycle (n=225)

mini

small 41 empty

red 28 'uncomfortable

childish 13, convenient

three.-wheeled 6 useful.

sturdy 5

Train (n=225)fun

'blue

5

moving

shiny 3 slow

easy. 3 long

little 3 fast

squeaking 2 noisy

toy 2 Amtrak

new 2 choo-choo

36.,

61

47

27'

10

9

8

8

7

4

4

4

3

3

3

2

2 .

31

29;,

29

22

12

5

5.

P

(Train)

Old, 3

Airplane 0=100)

soaring 6

electric 2

big 6

whistling 2

.

crowdedold 5

wingless 4obselete 22

'silver 2

diesel 2

dirty 2 Desk (n=100)

Jet (n-225) solid .12

cluttered 5

fast 46messy 4

swift 9

silverempty 4

small 3

streaking 7

noisy 6 -Siool tn.:1P0), _

jumbo 6folding

roaring 5

crashingsmall 5

tall 5

high 3

round . 3

loud 3

b

big 3 Shelves (n.100)

black 2

high

smooth 2long

roomy 2

lull 3

scary 2

37

folding

36

(Shelves)

narrow 3

(Meat)

delicious T12

empty ,

dusty

3-

2

juidy

.freih

11

10.

tlean 10Vegetables (n=225)

expensive 10

green 57 dried 7

fresh 21 tender 7

variety )AI frozen 5

feafy 9 tasty 5

crisp

raw 1

7

6

_good

tough

,

i

'4.

3

nourishing 6 rare N '3

tasty 6 dead 2

good. 6Milk (n =225)

healthy 5

growing 3 white 31

cooked 2 cold 28

terrible 2 'whole 24

orange .2 fresh 17

mixed 2 sour 17

crunchy 2 skim 9

4 sweet 5

Meat Cr=100)nutritious 5

red ,34 chocolate 5

raw 14 cool 4

hot 13 healthful 4

(:Mili)

raw'

warm

wholesome

creamy

expensive

(C4eal)

,

2

co ,d

soggy

sticky

2 bland

2 .good

cookedFruit (na225)

'crisp

1

fresh a 42 wheat

juicy 20- whole grain

sweet 14 breakfast

ripe

good

fir?

citrus .

acid

cold

yellow

crisp

delectable

canned

13 mornin,

grainy

6

5

3

3

2

2

2

2

Juice (n=225)

tart

()ramie

sweet

cold

refreshing

sour

tangyCereal (nm225)

liquid

dry 37 wet

crunchy 35 tomato

hot .35 good

39

(Juice)

tasty

'morning

fruit

9

I (Ham)

2 delicious

2

2Cheese (n=225)

a

38

2

20Tomato (n=225)

soft. 9

red 59 tangy 7'

ripe - 21 sharp 7

juicy 16 'good 6

'fresh ,11 moldy 6

green .Swiss 5

yellow

rotten

large

thick

cherry

acid

7

3

2

2

2

64

'soup 2

plump 2

Ham (n=100)

thick 6

lean 5

pink:

fat

3

2

fresh 2

blue 5

mild 4

Colby - 4

aged 3

Cream

cottage

smooth

rancid

sliced

delicious

filling

dry

green

smelly

hard 2

4 0

3

3

.2

2

2

2

39

Bread (n=22§) (Orange)

.

,16

ripewhite 35

rottenfrett' 24 r

juicestale 18

brightsoft

deliciousdry

G9

navelmoldy ?

goodCrusty 8

large

brown 6

rye --6,peeled

good(' 5big

dark 5.sweetest

warm 5

coldwhole wheat 4

nutricious.

.141e4 3

tasty-

baked.fresh

toasted. 2yelloW

homemade 2

Orange (n=225)

juicy 40

round 19

sweet 11

large 7

.' orange -7

sour 6

Cake (n=225)

5

4

4

/ 4

3

2'

2

2

chocolate .., -30

sweet 27

flUffy :22

e

white '12

layer 11

'coffee 6

41 L

(Cake) (Pie)

delicious' 6 pumpkin

crumbly 5 soft.

moist 5 sour:

pretty 5 taste

fresh 4 strawberry

soft 3 'fattening

angel food 3 good

'fattening

'birthday

3 peCan

pizza.

frosted

dry.

2 .favorite

filling

carrot 2 fruit

rich 2 fruity

good 2

Apple (n=225)

Pie n=225)red

apple .28 cFisp

juicy 27 tart

crusty 14 wormy

large 12 jag!

fresh 11 green

delicious 7 delicious

blueberry 7 ripe.

lemon 4 . big

cherry 4 crunchy

42

4pple):.

hard 4

Harellson 3

sour 2'

fresh 2

baked' 2

Lettuce (n =225:)\

green 53

crisp 49

leafy 27

fresh 9

crispy 5.

head 4crunchy 4

salad 3'

leaf 3

hick .2

bitter 2

boycotted 2

Steak (n=225)

rare 41

"tender 23

juicy 22

red 12

(Steak)

.-tough

thick

good

medium

. well done

beef '

expensive

T-bone

big

tasty

t*licious

warm

Egg (n=100)

fresh

large

rotten

small

6

3

3

Tuna (n=225)

oily 17

light 12

chunky 12

canned 10

dark 9

43

(Tuna)

smelly

fresh

fishy

white

greasy

flakey

hot

chunk

Chicken of the Sea

rich

melted

black ,

Starkist . 2' hot

delicious 2 strong

large 2 bitter

tasty 2 rich

ti aromatic8Utter (n.;:225)

stale

soft 30 masted

yellow

fresh

creamy

sweet

rancid

saltless

cad

greasy

28

14

brown

good

fresh

Dress (n=225)

3 pretty

3 short

3 :long

46'

.26

20

1,1

6

5

5

- 3.

3

2

27

19

15

(Dress)

red

blue

new

formal

nice

fashionable

lovely

cotton

indecent.

Colorful

green :

Skirt (n=225)

. .10

r

(Skirt)

nice

5 white

5 -sheer:

3 loose

3 pretty

, 3 floral

2 soft

2 sleeveless

2 , see through

clean

flimsy

:short 76 /green

pleated 15 tight

long 11 lacy

mini 6 frilly

blue 5 silk

wool 5.

Sweater (n =225).

dirty- A

loose 4 warm .61

full 4 tight 12

tight 3 blue 10.

plaid prettY. 8

brown 2 soft

All

(Sweater)

bulky

woolen

-2coMf9rtable

CoatAn.225)

knit . 3

angora 3

bOt. 2.

cardigan 2

nice 2

cashmere 20

Slacks (n=100)

blue

flaring

worn

6.

warm

heavy

slicker-v

long

Winter

short

fur

bUlky

over

leather

woolen

brown.

Hat.(n=100)

black

floppylong 3

largebaggy 3

highPik 2

white 3neat 2

torn 3

Suit,(n3.100) briMless 2

seasucker 4 flashy. 2

black 2

Gloves Iiii225)

brown 2

soft 2 warm

dark 2 leather

46

I32

20

OGIoveSI

white

heavy

a

14

kid 6

tretCh \ 5

long :4

brown '3

suede 3

furry

soft

cold.

2

2

covering 2

Shirt (n.100)

White

cleein

blue

8

4

. (

floral

plaid' .

stripped'

3

2

Belt (n38100)

(Belt)

worn

braided

Socks (n=229

.

wide 9

white.

stretch

warm

wool

black

holey

clean

argyle

knee.

sweat

smelly

covering

dirty

nylon

long'

fuzzy

bright

Shoes (n=225)

black. 8 ,

long 4 comfortable.

.snug. brown

47'

\

4

3

3

3

3

'2

2

2

18

17

(Shoes) .(Boots)

new 13 leather 4

black 12 heavy. 3

leather 9 waterpcoof." 3

old 7. practical 3

worn 6 shiny 2

tight 5 protective 2

protective 5 brown 2

walking 4Umbrella (n -100)

white 4

sturdy 4 clear 11

polished 4 black. 4

high 4 huge: 4

tennis 3 ribbed. 4.

shiny 2 wet 3

earth. . 2 pretty 2

suede 2

Mittens (nu225)patent 2

warm 51

.Sootsinm225):red 17

high 40 woolen 12

black 14 knitted 10

warm 12 fluffy 5

rubber 10 wooly 4

red 4 yellow 4

leaky 4 ski 3

48

(Mittens) (Slip)

fuzzy 1. 3 half

pretty 2 lacy

wet 2

cold 2 non

Mose 4n=225):silky

21 sexy.

14 , soft

A3 cotton.

11 slippery

10/. clinging

sheer

nylon

panty

long

garden

snO5ged 9 ;

water .8

Scarf 1n-225rrubber 7

3

3

2

2

clear 6 pretty 24

wet 5 long -17

silk 5 , . warm 16

abort 3 red 9

fire 3 silk 8

suppgrt 2 lengthy 7

non-run 2 ,sheer 6

Square 5

Slip (n=225)pink 5

white 31 bright 5

pick 14 woolen 5

,49

(Scarf) (Bank)

gFe.en 3 river

wide

plaid 4' . 2 gray

blue

2 convenient

Jacket (n=100)

short

warm

washable

red

green

Sank (n =225)

2

Purse n=225)

large .

10 empty*

'8 messy

.411bladk.

3 bulky

2

leather

coinc-;

. .2

savings . . 30 heavy

large 13 full

'money 10 red-.

secure 8 white

big 6. shoulder

piggy 6 cluttered

safe 5 stolen

rich 5 clutch

Soft 3

Loan (n =225)security 3

solid 2 small

.50

large 13

ti

(Loan)

bank

poor

term

financial,

helpful

easy

installment

ample

unwise

joint

student

necessary

Pig

P yment (n=225)

large

down

hard

Monthly

time

final

small

cash

ifttallment

big

first

5

5

.

A'4

I

3

2

2

2

2

2

2

93

31

25

14

13

8

7

6

5

4

51

(Payment)

regular

lest

loan,

overdue-,

prompt

late

Check (n=100)

3

2

2

boUncing

bad

personal_

lost

5

5

3

3

Cash (n=225)

green 22

petty 21

ready 17

cold 15

lose 10

hard 9

little,

jingly

7

4

loOse 4

quick 3

small 3

('40)

necessary .

handy

good

rich

immediate:

..50

(Cents)

ten

lost

common

green

silver

many

round

few

ten

valuable

. crisp

disapPearing

American

five

31

3

little

pennies

worthless

Savings (h=100)

small

2 large

2 dual

2 helpful

.2

unit 2Insurance'(n=100)

5

3

3

3

3

2

18

5

2

2

. hundred 2 . free 3

1.. expenSive 3

'Cents (n=225) .

.faulty /3

: few. 37 insufficient 3

copper 21

Will (n=225)many- -7

loose 5 final 34

small 5 last 27

52

Will) (Donation)(

strong .13 money 2

legal 7 thoughtfUl 2

determined Cheap . 2

'good

pr9bate

long

free

important

benevOlent

Donation (n.225)

small

generous

large

charitable

free

charity

big

gift

one

'helPfUI

deducible

willing

kind

poor

4 liberal ,

4Gift (n.225)

.3

2

loving 24

'2 birthday 14

2

small 10

. .

generoUs 9

D

tboughtfill. 10.

23 beuatiful .

20 eimensiVe

12 pretty i

11" Christmas

9 surprise

7 free

6 specili

5 heartfelt

parting

4 wedding

3 love

2 nice

2 happy e

2

itt) o .

8

7

6

.

3

3 ,

2

2

2

2

2

2

Gold (n.225) (Economy) .

0

soundyellow . 21

risingpure ' 17.

badShining 14 '

unstableshiny 12

inflationaryold

valuable

9thrifty

tightexpensive 7

stablesolid 5

beautiful 5

American,

balancedhard 3

nationalglittering 3

politicalpretty 3

faltering.rich 3

0 louiy. fool's 3

declining'bright 3

sparkling . 2 Trade (n.100)

metalic 2

free'

silver 2

equal

heavy

Economy (n=225)

-2

unwise

common

-false 16 Employment (n=100)I

poor 14scarce

fluctuating 11

(Employment)

:full

equal

soundi

useful

Compensation (n=225)A

Minimal

workma4n's

small

fair

money

adequate

monetary

regular

une4loyment

good

old

sufficient

ample

just

°necessary

low

big

O

7

ftlfare (n=100)

growing

public-

popular

free

Finances--(n=225)

22high f

16poor

14unstable L

. 7

substantial.5

low5

lost4.

balancing4

good- e . 3

necessary3

bad3

stable3

monetary3 `)

household3

'ag2

increasing2

shorp2

dwindling

55

16.

9

8

.5

5

5

3

3

2

2

2

2.

(Finances)

rich

needed

troubled

ambitious

good

many

egg

majority

rich,

dress

prejudicial

respectfdl

tall'

beautiful

proud

pale

light

intelligent

2

2

2

15

8

7

5

5.

4

4

4

4

. 4

3

3

3

2

Blacks (n =225)

massive

athletic

advancing

. racist

bad

-dark

minority

5

jet

militant

oppressed

poor

beautiful

dull

southern

noahern

protesting

many

African

singing

predominant 2 Negroes (n=225)

middle class 2

blacknice , 2

41141

C.

56

2

26

f'15

55

(Negroes)

Singing

Southern

lazy

9

8

6

(Chicanos)

good

young

:advancing

4

.3

3

African

many

-63

Spanish,

minority

2

2

poor 3 angry 2

race . 3 deprivedi

24,

stacky 2 swarthy 2

proud 2\ cheerful 2

friendlyy, g emotional 2

American 2 exploited 2

deprived 2

Minority (n=225)

good,.,

2

rich 2 small 50

;

discriminated 2 clamoring 17-

Chicanoi (n =225)

growing,,--

.

10

silent 7

striking 12 few ,5

Mexican 11 underpriviledged 5

(..,

dirty 10 unreasonable 4

brown 10 vocal 4

few 5 oppressed1

4

laboing 5 radical 3

squatty 5 poor 2

poor 5 black 2

Citizens (n=225)

q;

American

natural

worthy

.good

(Foreigners)

disrespectful 2

calm 2

wealthy 2,PP

inquisitive 2

12

working

concernedt

free

aging

8

f6

loyal 6'

many. 5

.thoughtful

United States 5

senior 4

resppnsible 3

solid 3

sceptical A 2

active

unaware

Visitors n=225)

1-::IriendlY

welcoMs.

foreign

,tutiOus.

pleasant

hapPY

polite

few-

hospital

many

noisy'.

unexpected

interestingpoor 2

\lonelyinterested

informed 2 Russian (n=225)1

young 2strong

Foreigners (n=100)- difficult

visiting 10cruel

.14

13

11

57..

(Russian) Chinese (n=225)1

hard-'

cold

militant

8b.

6

unknown 6

black 4

friepdly

rid 3.

Communistic 2.

,suborn '. 2r,

loud 2

.2cunning

haughty

easy

singing

uzzling

emotional

unhappy

enigmatic

perplexing

complex

white

gutteral

tzarist

interesting

2

2

2

2

2

2'

2

2

2

2

2

yellow 17

crafty 11

red- . 9'

.cruel 5

'Oriental 4

industrious 4'

heavy 3

huge

beautiful

3

3

good 3

hardworking.

slant eyed 3

smart 3

intelligent

yellow skinned 2

Mandarin 2

Eastern0

visiting 2

small 2

few

2 Americans (n=225)

2

2

happy 13

4.

1

'-(Americans)

young

loyal

good'

intelligent

beautiful

proud

ugly

patriotic

busy

rich

quiet

native-

grumpy

friendly

materialistic

white

fat.

industrious

confred

middle class

conglomerate

North

inforMed

istians n=225)2

9

7

5

5

-5

loving

good

faithful

religious

.happy

88

24

21

20

13

11

5.protergtant 6

5 .

devodt 5

4hypocritical 5

o4

kind 43

many 3

3crusading 3

33

2proselytising 3

2early 3.

2truthful 3

2singing 3

2

forgiving 3

2concerned 2

2

irrational' 2

2

2 Jews (n=225)

2

concerned 13

2wealthy 12

2.$

60

(Jews)

greedy 11

religious .9

persecuted :8

deceitful 5

good 4

evil 4

_orthodox

squabbling

boastful

thrifty'

Suppressed

trying

stingy

devoted

onest

cIrcillsh

European

Hindus (n =225)

destructive

pkaying

IAdian

Eastern

muderous

many'

1

.4

4

4

4

3

2

2

2

2

2

2

16

16

9

7

6

3

59

indus)

mysterious

mystic 3

spoor 3

d ceitful'

3

3

:pa sive 3

g 3

Asian

peaceful

humanly

brown

ancient

Moslems (n =225)

2

2

2

2

2

black / 11

r. wealthy. --...

8

61

kneeling 7

warring' 7

Eastern 5

religious . 5

unknown, 3

ritualistic 3 ',!.

Arabic 3

interesting 3

secular1

.2

(Moslems)

.veiling

handsome 2

faithful 2

praying 2

Arab

foreign 2

Indians n=225)

American 36

red 26

vanishing 9

red skinnedr 6

tribal 6

angry 5

Artistic 3

wild 3

brave 3

poor 3

peaceful 2

stealthy 2

mistreated 2

sadsad 2

good 2

struggling 2

O

Mexicans (n=220.

laboring

colorful

poor

friendly

Spanish

brown

migrant

dark

singing

dancing

dirty

. musical

struggling 2

AgnOsics (q=100)

ripting

cold

hating

crazy

dense 2

N -,

Catholici (n=225)

3

2

11

L_ 8

2

62.,

devout 34

hypocritical 14

(Catholics)

religious

kneeling

Roman

Irish

praying

few

friendly

wealthy,

good

traditional

conservative

'strict'

bigot

loyalC

many

powerful

Atheists (n=225)

(Atheists)

11 selfish

6.. sad

6 smart

5 religious

5 bewildered

4 many

4Birth (n =225)

3

2

2

3 premature 59

3 normal 17

2

easy - 14.

joyous 12

hapPY 9

2 new 8

2 beginning 7

2 painful 6

natural 5

live

screaming ti. 12 exciting

destructive 6 sad

ungodly 5 traumatic

unbelieving 5' wonderful,

few

radical

stupid

4

3

Death (n=225)

63

a

4

4

3

2

2

A40 30

(Death)

lingering

peaceful

13

10

(ChristmaS)

holy

-. sno;?/ 2

painfry

sudden.

u!,

1

8

Easter (n=225)

final 6 happy 60

ending 6 joyful 32

premature 4 quiet 5

.

tragic 3 beautiful 4

continuing 3 bright 4

quiet 3 sunny 4

timely 3 beginning 3

inevitable 3 Christian 3

. slow 3 solemn 2

religious 2

Birthday/1n=225)holy 2

happy 103 green 2

Celebrating 7 yellow 2

old 6Passover (n=100)

frequent 2

first 2 religious 17

goodA

Christmas (n=161)sorrowful 2

merry 60 beautiful 2

joyful 16

white. 13,t

64

6'.

Holiday (n4:225) .(Haptism).'

beautiful 3

happy 28. flowery 2

gay 14

free.,

fun

11.

11

Marriage (n=225)

.happy . 27

restful 9loving 10

Joyous 6good 8

quiet 5lasting -8'

relaxing 5

binding 7

welcome 5beautiful 6

good 4combining 3

tragic 4 0.quiet 3

summer 2

unhappy 2

religious 2

together 2

long, 2

union 2

fami* 2shotgun 2

Conversion (n100)Divorce.(n=225)

total 13sad 27

quick 4unfortunate 8

+graceftil 2bitter 7

O

-Baptism (n=100) quick 7

separating 6

watery 11harsh 5

emerging 4unhappy 5

65

(Divorce)

selfish 3

bad 3

necessary 3

difficult 3

painful,

sudden

3

3

heartbreaking 2

never . 2

tragic 2

messy 2

Location (n=100)

good' 9

pretty 5

expensive

dirty 2

poor 2

Relocation (n=225)

ideal 12

convenient 8

new 8

beautiful 7

upsetting 5

difficult,)

5

(Relocation)

larger ,

exciting

necessary

urban

unhappy

forced

vast

G4

Anniversary (n=225).

happy,

observing

62

12

golden 11

wedding 10

celebrating 9

memorable 7

silver 6 '

'first 5

fun

yearly

beautiful

3

2

Wedding (n=225)

66

beautiful 28

happy 21

white 8

11

(Wedding)

shotgun

gay

small

5

0 e 4

,4

large 4

pretty 4

sad 743

joyful 3'

big . 3

church e .

'2

quiet ,2

joyous 2

lovely 2

taditional 2

golden . .2.

uniting --.

Festival (n=100)

gay

colorful

joyful

. noisy

Feast (n=100) -

happy

2

12

6

5

-4

8

joyful 4

(Feast),

pleasant

friendly

tearfUl

2

r's 2

2

Reunion (n=225)

happy 30

.

thankful 19

family 13

bountifUl 9

grateful /

class 3

joyful 3

fun. / 3

,...-,.

many

blessed

gay 2

school 2

loving 2

twentyfifth 2

bountiful

Th4nksgiving (n=225)

happy 20

free -17

thankful 17

6

674

(Th hksgiving)

cOMpiete

stuffing

full

plentiful

pr4f61

family

grate ful

good

joyful

Cm.

(Independehce)

5 persoriel

4 quiet:

3 .earned

3 important

3 complete

3. freedom

.2 necessary

2 glorious

2 ,npisy

oUk 2 new

Independence (n=225) vi

fourth

free

American

joyous

good

revolutionary

41 precious ,2

,66

5

5

4

4

.3b

3.

3

25

io

10

1100 Ss responded to. this word twiceA

292 S responded to this word twice

68

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