document resume ed 416 975 · 2014-05-19 · document resume. ed 416 975 ps 026 243. author...
TRANSCRIPT
DOCUMENT RESUME
ED 416 975 PS 026 243
AUTHOR Hartsock, Marcia; Davidson, Dana; Greenfield, Theresa;Grogan, Beverley
TITLE Make Kids Count in '97: Hawai'i Kids Count 1997 Data Book.
INSTITUTION Hawaii Kids Count, Honolulu.
SPONS AGENCY Annie E. Casey Foundation, Baltimore, MD.
PUB DATE 1997z00-00
NOTE 109p.; For 1996 Data Book, see ED 405 965.
PUB TYPE Numerical/Quantitative Data (110) -- Reports - Descriptive
(141)
EDRS PRICE MF01/PC05 Plus Postage.
DESCRIPTORS Academic Achievement; Adolescents; After School Programs; AtRisk Persons; Child Abuse; Child Health; Child Neglect;*Children; Demography; Drinking; Dropout Rate; EarlyParenthood; Elementary Secondary Education; Family(Sociological Unit); Health Insurance; Infant Mortality; Outof School Youth; Poverty; Pregnancy; Prenatal Care;Preschool Education; *Social Indicators; Special NeedsStudents; State Surveys; Statistical Surveys; SubstanceAbuse; Tables (Data); Trend Analysis; *Well Being
IDENTIFIERS Arrests; *Hawaii; *Indicators; Vaccination
ABSTRACTThis Kids Count report is the third to examine statewide
trends in the well-being of Hawaii's children. The bulk of this statistical
report is comprised of indicator results and is divided into four major
sections: (1) family composition and resources, including children inpoverty, children in single parent families, births to single teens, and
children with health insurance; (2) infancy and preschool years, includinglow-birth-weight infants, infant mortality rate, immunization rates, children
at risk for developmental problems, and child abuse and neglect; (3) early
school years, includes child death rates, children of working parents in
after school programs, fourth graders' academic progress, and children with
special needs; and (4) adolescence and youth, including eighth graders'
academic progress, high school graduation rates, idle teens, juvenile arrest
rates for violent crimes, substance use, teenage pregnancy, and teen violent
deaths. Findings indicate that there have been improvements since 1990 in
teen pregnancies, infant and child mortality rates, immunizations by age 2,
and teen violent death rate. Conditions have worsened in the percent of
children in poverty, income spent on shelter, low birthweight, children with
working parents in after school programs, on-time high school graduation,
excessive alcohol use, and juvenile violent crime arrest rates. The report
provides a demographic profile of Hawaiian children, compares Hawaiian to
national data, and describes the methodology and data sources. (KB)
********************************************************************************Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made
from the original document.********************************************************************************
r
tr.
coun
t
Y A
VA
BLE
U J
litr
All
I MtIN
I(J
I- tU
ULA
I !U
NO
ffice
of E
duca
tiona
l Res
earc
h an
d Im
prov
emen
t
ED
UC
AT
ION
AL
RE
SO
UR
CE
S IN
FO
RM
AT
ION
CE
NT
ER
(E
RIC
)7k
his
docu
men
t has
bee
n re
prod
uced
as
cove
d fr
om th
e pe
rson
or
orga
niza
tion
orig
inat
ing
it
Min
or c
hang
es h
ave
been
mad
e to
impr
ove
repr
oduc
tion
qual
ity
Poi
nts
of v
iew
or
opin
ions
sta
ted
in th
isdo
cum
ent d
o no
t nec
essa
rily
repr
esen
tof
ficia
l OE
RI p
ositi
on o
r po
licy
PE
RM
ISS
ION
TO
RE
PR
OD
UC
E A
ND
DIS
SE
MIN
AT
E T
HIS
MA
TE
RIA
LH
AS
BE
EN
GR
AN
TE
D B
Y
TO
TH
E E
DU
CA
TIO
NA
L R
ES
OU
RC
ES
INF
OR
MA
TIO
N C
EN
TE
R (
ER
IC)
KID
S C
OU
NT
IN F
IAW
AI'l
Thi
s is
an
annu
al r
epor
t on
the
wel
l-be
ing
of k
ids
in H
awai
i. It
was
pro
duce
d by
Haw
aii K
ids
Cou
nta
colla
bora
tion
of th
e C
ente
r on
the
Fam
ily, U
nive
rsity
of
Haw
aii a
t Mam
a; th
e G
over
nor's
Off
ice,
Chi
ldre
n an
d Fa
mili
es; a
nd th
e H
awai
i
Com
mun
ity S
ervi
ces
Cou
ncil
with
fun
ds f
rom
the
Ann
ie E
. Cas
ey F
ound
atio
n.
4
Perm
issi
on to
cop
y al
l or
port
ions
of
the
wri
tten
repo
rt is
gra
nted
pro
vide
d H
AW
AII
KID
S C
OU
NT
is a
ckno
wle
dged
as
the
sour
ce in
any
rep
ordu
ctio
n, q
uota
tion,
or
use.
Man
y pi
ctur
es a
re c
opyr
ight
ed a
s in
dica
ted
and
may
not
be
repr
oduc
ed
with
out s
peci
al p
erm
issi
on.
1997
Haw
ai'i
Kid
s C
ount
Dat
a B
ook
5
EV
ER
Y D
AY
IN H
AW
AII
1 in
6 li
ve in
pov
erty
;
over
1 in
5 li
ve w
ith a
sin
gle
pare
nt;
The
re a
re o
ver
318,
000
kids
10 b
abie
s ar
e bo
rn w
hose
mot
hers
did
not
get
pre
nata
l car
e in
the
firs
t tri
mes
ter;
in H
awar
i. T
hey
expe
rien
ce
the
follo
win
g:4
babi
es a
re b
orn
with
dan
gero
usly
low
wei
ght (
less
than
5.5
pou
nds)
;
5 ba
bies
are
bor
n to
teen
mom
s;
14 r
epor
ts o
f ch
ild a
buse
are
mad
e, 4
6% o
f w
hich
will
be
lega
lly c
onfi
rmed
; and
11 y
outh
s ar
e ar
rest
ed f
or s
erio
us c
rim
es, o
f w
hom
32%
are
fem
ale.
Pho
togr
cohy
cc.
..-r!
csy
Re!
atio
ns
6
IN A
DD
ITIO
N:
1 in
fant
die
s ev
ery
3.5
days
;
1 ch
ild d
ies
near
ly e
very
wee
k; a
nd
3.4
teen
dea
ths
occu
r ev
ery
mon
th f
rom
hom
icid
e, s
uici
de, o
r ac
cide
nt.
1997
Haw
ai'i
Kid
s C
ount
Dat
a B
ook
7
TA
BL
E O
F C
ON
TE
NT
S
BE
ST C
OPY
AV
AIL
AB
LE
Ack
now
ledg
men
ts4
Ove
rvie
w o
f In
dica
tors
and
Sum
mar
y of
Fin
ding
s5
Dem
ogra
phic
Pro
file
of
Haw
aiT
s K
ids
6
Our
Vis
ion
for
Haw
aiT
s K
ids
8
Fam
ily C
ompo
sitio
n an
d R
esou
rces
9
Chi
ldre
n in
Pov
erty
12
Chi
ldre
n in
Sin
gle-
Pare
nt F
amili
es13
Bir
ths
to S
ingl
e-T
eens
14
Chi
ldre
n w
ith H
ealth
Ins
uran
ce15
Cos
t of
Shel
ter
16
Infa
ncy
and
Pres
choo
l Yea
rs17
Ear
ly P
rena
tal C
are
20
Low
-Bir
th-W
eigh
t Inf
ants
21
Infa
nt M
orta
lity
22
Fully
Im
mun
ized
Tw
o-Y
ear
Old
s23
Chi
ldre
n A
t Ris
k fo
r D
evel
opm
enta
l Pro
blem
s24
Prep
arin
g fo
r Sc
hool
25
Chi
ld A
buse
and
Neg
lect
(B
irth
thro
ugh
Age
5)
26
Ear
ly S
choo
l Yea
rs27
Chi
ld D
eath
s30
Chi
ldre
n of
Wor
king
Par
ents
in A
fter
Sch
ool P
rogr
am31
Men
tal H
ealth
Iss
ues
of C
hild
ren
and
You
th32
Aca
dem
ic P
rogr
ess
of F
ourt
h G
rade
rs33
Chi
ldre
n w
ith S
peci
al N
eeds
34
Oth
er E
duca
tiona
l Mea
sure
s in
Ele
men
tary
Yea
rs35
Chi
ld A
buse
and
Neg
lect
(A
ges
6 th
roug
h 11
)36
Ado
lesc
ence
and
You
th37
Aca
dem
ic P
rogr
ess
of E
ight
h G
rade
rs40
Oth
er E
duca
tiona
l Mea
sure
s in
Sec
onda
ry S
choo
l Yea
rs41
Hig
h Sc
hool
Gra
duat
ion
42
Idle
Tee
ns43
Juve
nile
Arr
ests
for
Vio
lent
Cri
mes
44
Subs
tanc
e U
se45
Tee
nage
Pre
gnan
cy46
Abu
se a
nd N
egle
ct (
Age
s 12
thro
ugh
17)
47
Tee
n V
iole
nt D
eath
s48
Wha
t We
Wan
t to
Kno
w, b
ut D
on't
49
Tre
nds
in B
asic
Ind
icat
ors:
Haw
aii a
nd U
S50
Met
hodo
logy
and
Sou
rces
52J
1997
Haw
ai'i
Kid
s C
ount
Dat
a B
ook
':-
AC
KN
OW
LED
GM
EN
TS
PR
OJE
CT
PA
RT
NE
RS
Gov
erno
r's O
ffic
e, C
hild
ren
and
Fam
ilies
: Dr.
She
ila F
orm
an, H
awed
` i C
omm
unity
Ser
vice
s
Cou
ncil:
Dan
Wat
anab
e, C
ente
r on
the
Fam
ily, U
nive
rsity
of
Haw
aii a
t Man
oa: D
r. S
ylvi
a Y
uen.
1997
AD
VIS
OR
Y C
OU
NC
ILM
yron
Tho
mps
on, C
hair
; Sha
ron
Agn
ew; R
ep. D
enni
s A
raka
ki; D
r. L
aura
Arm
stro
ng; D
r. J
. Kuh
io A
sam
,
M.D
.; St
epha
nie
Ave
iro;
Jud
ge J
ohn
Bry
ant,
Jr.;
Lin
da B
uck;
the
Rev
. Don
na F
aith
Eld
redg
e; L
oret
ta
Fudd
y; D
enni
s Fu
jii; R
olan
d G
ella
; Lou
ise
Ing;
Arl
ene
Iwan
o; D
r. S
alva
tore
Lan
zilo
tte; S
en. S
uzan
ne C
hun
Oak
land
; Win
ston
Sak
urai
; Iva
lee
Sinc
lair
; Rob
ert S
prin
ger;
Kat
e St
anle
y; M
urra
y T
owill
; and
Lily
K. Y
ao.
DA
TA
TE
AM
Dep
artm
ent o
f H
ealth
: Dr.
Alv
in O
naka
, Chi
ef, O
ffic
e of
Hea
lth S
tatu
s M
onito
ring
, Lor
etta
Fud
dy, C
hief
,
Mat
erna
l and
Chi
ld H
ealth
Bra
nch,
Dr.
Jea
n Jo
hnso
n, D
irec
tor,
Zer
o-to
-Thr
ee H
awai
i Pro
ject
;
Dep
artm
ent o
f H
uman
Ser
vice
s: K
eith
Nag
ai, P
lann
ing
Off
ice;
Dep
artm
ent o
f E
duca
tion:
Dr.
Tom
Gan
s, E
valu
atio
n Se
ctio
n, D
r. G
lenn
Hir
ata,
Tom
Sak
a; D
epar
tmen
t of
the
Atto
rney
Gen
eral
: Pau
l
Parr
one,
Chi
ef o
f R
esea
rch
and
Stat
istic
s, C
rim
e Pr
even
tion
Div
isio
n; D
epar
tmen
t of
Bus
ines
s,
Eco
nom
ic D
evel
opm
ent a
nd T
ouri
sm: J
an N
akam
oto,
Haw
aii D
ata
Cen
ter,
Gle
nn I
fuku
.
AN
ALY
SIS
, WR
ITIN
G, A
ND
CO
OR
DIN
AT
ION
Mar
cia
Har
tsoc
k w
ith s
peci
al s
ectio
ns b
y D
r. D
ana
Dav
idso
n, D
r. T
here
sa G
reen
fiel
d, a
nd B
ever
ley
Gro
gan.
PH
OT
OG
RA
PH
ST
ami D
awso
n an
d B
arb
Hay
nor,
Pho
to R
esou
rce
Haw
aii;
the
Na
Ki`
i Pro
ject
, spo
nsor
ed b
y th
e
Gov
erno
r's O
ffic
e, C
hild
ren
and
Fam
ilies
; Lau
rie
Bre
eden
; Edi
th W
atan
abe;
Bru
ce P
uana
; Uni
vers
ity
Rel
atio
ns; a
nd M
arci
a H
arts
ock.
1997
Haw
ai'i
Kid
s C
ount
Dat
a B
ook
11
OV
ER
VIE
W O
F IN
DIC
AT
OR
S A
ND
SU
MM
AR
Y O
F F
IND
ING
ST
he in
dica
tors
for
the
Haw
aii K
ids
Cou
nt D
ata
Boo
k ar
e th
ose
mea
sure
men
t ind
icat
ors
whi
ch a
re c
onsi
dere
d to
be
mos
t ind
icat
ive
of th
e w
ell-
bein
g of
Haw
aiT
s ch
ildre
n an
d
fam
ilies
. The
foc
us is
on
outc
ome
mea
sure
s, s
tate
d in
eith
er th
e po
sitiv
e (p
erce
nt o
f
pove
rty-
rela
ted
four
-yea
r-ol
ds e
nrol
led
in s
ubsi
dize
d pr
e-sc
hool
pro
gram
s) o
r ne
gativ
e
(rat
e of
chi
ld a
buse
and
neg
lect
). T
hese
are
pop
ulat
ion-
base
d nu
mbe
rs, s
tate
das
perc
ents
or
as r
ates
so
that
une
qual
gro
ups
can
be c
ompa
red.
Mos
t of
the
indi
cato
rs
have
tren
d da
ta, a
lthou
gh th
e tim
e pe
riod
of
the
tren
d m
ay n
ot b
e id
entic
al in
all
case
s.
Ten
cor
e in
dica
tors
hav
e be
en id
entif
ied
by th
e na
tiona
l Kid
s C
ount
pro
gram
of
the
Ann
ie E
. Cas
ey F
ound
atio
n fo
r tr
acki
ng a
nd f
or c
ompa
riso
n be
twee
n th
e st
ates
. The
y ar
e
perc
ent o
f lo
w b
irth
-wei
ght b
abie
s; in
fant
mor
talit
y ra
te; c
hild
dea
th r
ate;
rat
e of
bir
ths
to u
nmar
ried
teen
s; ju
veni
le v
iole
nt c
rim
e ar
rest
rat
e, p
erce
nt o
f te
ens
who
are
hig
h
scho
ol d
ropo
uts,
per
cent
of
teen
s no
t atte
ndin
g sc
hool
and
not
wor
king
, tee
n vi
olen
t
deat
h ra
te; p
erce
nt o
f ch
ildre
n in
pov
erty
; and
per
cent
of
fam
ilies
with
chi
ldre
n he
aded
by a
sin
gle
pare
nt.
Haw
aii K
ids
Cou
nt h
as u
sed
the
sam
e in
dica
tors
with
the
follo
win
g ex
cept
ion:
the
annu
al p
erce
nt o
f te
ens
who
are
hig
h sc
hool
dro
pout
s is
not
ava
ilabl
e at
the
stat
e le
vel,
so th
e hi
gh s
choo
l on-
time
grad
uatio
n ra
te is
use
d in
stea
d.
In a
dditi
on, H
awai
i Kid
s C
ount
rep
orts
on
twel
ve o
ther
indi
cato
rs, t
wo
of th
em a
t
mor
e th
an o
ne a
ge. T
he in
tent
is f
or th
ese
to r
emai
n co
nsta
nt o
ver
time.
How
ever
, the
re
is o
ne m
odif
icat
ion
from
the
1996
rep
ort:
as a
n in
dica
tion
of s
ubst
ance
use
by
teen
ager
s, w
e ar
e us
ing
perc
ent r
epor
ting
bing
e dr
inki
ng o
f al
coho
l use
, ins
tead
of
regu
lar
toba
cco
use.
Inf
orm
atio
n on
chi
ldre
n in
sin
gle-
pare
nt f
amili
es is
not
ava
ilabl
e
annu
ally
at t
he s
tate
leve
l, bu
t the
mos
t rec
ent d
ata
are
incl
uded
as
thes
e ar
e im
port
ant
in a
sses
sing
the
gene
ral w
ell-
bein
g of
chi
ldre
n.
The
gui
ding
pri
ncip
les
in s
elec
ting
indi
cato
rs a
re a
s fo
llow
s:
the
data
item
sho
uld
refl
ect s
ome
impo
rtan
t and
wid
ely
acce
pted
val
uefo
r ch
ildre
n;
the
stat
istic
al in
dica
tor
mus
t be
avai
labl
e fr
om a
rel
iabl
e so
urce
and
be
cons
iste
nt o
ver
time;
12
the
data
sho
uld
be a
vaila
ble
by c
ount
y or
sm
alle
r ge
ogra
phic
uni
t, by
eth
nici
ty,
gend
er, a
ge, o
r ot
her
spec
ial u
nit o
f in
tere
st s
o th
at w
e ca
n de
term
ine
the
life
chan
ces
of s
ubgr
oups
in o
ur s
tate
.
So, h
ow a
re th
e ch
ildre
n an
d fa
mili
es d
oing
? T
his
1997
boo
k re
flec
ts 1
995
data
, as
thos
e ar
e th
e m
ost r
ecen
tly a
vaila
ble
in m
ost a
reas
. In
ten
indi
cato
rs th
is r
epor
t sho
ws
that
ther
e ha
s be
en im
prov
emen
t sin
ce 1
990,
whi
le s
even
are
as s
how
that
they
are
losi
ng g
roun
d.
IND
ICA
TO
RS
SN
OW
ING
IMP
RO
VE
ME
NT
, 199
0-19
95
Tee
n bi
rth-
wei
ght
Perc
ent o
f bi
rths
with
ear
ly p
rena
tal c
are
Infa
nt m
orta
lity
rate
Perc
ent f
ully
imm
uniz
ed b
y ag
e 2
Perc
ent i
dent
ifie
d at
ris
k fo
r de
velo
pmen
tal p
robl
ems
Chi
ld d
eath
rat
e
Rat
e of
chi
ld a
buse
and
neg
lect
, exc
ept a
t age
s 6-
11
Perc
ent s
erve
d in
spe
cial
edu
catio
nal n
eeds
Tee
n pr
egna
ncy
rate
Tee
n vi
olen
t dea
th r
ate
WO
RS
EN
ING
CO
ND
ITIO
NS
, 199
0-19
95
Perc
ent o
f ch
ildre
n in
pov
erty
Perc
ent o
f in
com
e sp
ent o
n sh
elte
r
Perc
ent o
f bi
rths
with
low
bir
th-w
eigh
t
Perc
ent o
f ch
ildre
n w
ith w
orki
ng p
aren
ts in
aft
er-s
choo
l car
e pr
ogra
m
Perc
ent g
radu
atin
g fr
om h
igh
scho
ol o
n tim
e
Perc
ent o
f te
enag
ers
usin
g al
coho
l exc
essi
vely
Rat
e of
juve
nile
s ar
rest
ed f
or v
iole
nt c
rim
es
For
com
pari
son
with
nat
iona
l tre
nds
on c
ore
indi
cato
rs, s
ee p
ages
50-
51.
1997
Haw
ai'i
Kid
s C
ount
Dat
a B
ook
4
DE
MO
GR
AP
HIC
PR
OF
ILE
OF
HA
WA
I'I'S
KID
S
The
re w
ere
292,
616
child
ren
and
yout
h, a
ges
birt
h to
19,
in H
awed
' i in
198
0. B
y 19
90,
that
num
ber
had
incr
ease
d by
0.5
% to
294,
098.
The
off
icia
l est
imat
e in
199
5, a
ccor
ding
to th
e U
.S. C
ensu
s B
urea
u an
dth
e H
awar
i Sta
te D
ata
Cen
ter
was
321
,212
.
LO
CA
TIO
N
The
num
bers
gre
w o
n th
e ne
ighb
or is
land
s, b
ut d
ecre
ased
on 0
`ahu
.H
onol
ulu
By
Cou
nty:
1980
% o
f A
ll K
ids
1990
% o
f A
ll K
ids
% c
hang
eH
awai
iH
onol
ulu
228,
567
78.1
121
5,37
873
.23
-5.7
7
Haw
ai`i
29,5
7310
.11
35,8
7412
.20
21.3
1K
auai
Ka
ua`i
12,4
594.
2614
,759
5.02
18.5
Mau
i22
,017
7.52
28,0
879.
5527
.6M
aui
Nea
rly
two-
thir
ds o
f H
awai
i's c
hild
ren
and
yout
h (6
3.47
%)
live
in
urba
nize
d ar
eas,
whi
le o
nly
0.6%
live
in r
ural
far
m a
reas
. Per
sons
unde
r 19
yea
rs o
f ag
e ar
e m
ore
likel
y to
live
in th
e ur
ban
frin
ge,
whi
le a
dults
are
mor
e lik
ely
to li
ve in
the
cent
ral u
rban
are
as.
PR
OP
OR
TIO
N O
F T
HE
PO
PU
LAT
ION
Chi
ldre
n an
d yo
uth
are
a de
clin
ing
prop
ortio
n of
the
entir
epo
pula
tion,
whi
le th
e pe
rcen
tage
of
thos
e w
ho a
re o
ver
age
64 is
incr
easi
ng:
Age
1980
% o
f T
otal
1990
% o
f T
otal
% c
hang
e
unde
r ag
e 20
32.2
527
.96
-13.
3
over
age
64
7.87
11.2
542
.9
The
dep
ende
ncy
ratio
(co
mpu
ted
by a
ddin
g to
geth
er th
ose
unde
r
15 a
nd th
ose
over
64
and
divi
ding
by
the
num
ber
of 1
5 to
64
year
-
olds
) ha
s in
crea
sed
slig
htly
fro
m 3
1.15
to 3
2.32
due
to th
e
incr
ease
of
seni
or c
itize
ns.
4
CII
IU
I..\ .
1I
N(I
N.I
I 9 9
0
ffff
ffff
fffl
fff
)
ff
BE
ST
CO
PY
AV
AIL
AB
LE
1997
Haw
aii K
ids
Cou
nt D
ata
Boo
k
Pho
togr
aphy
cou
rtes
y of
Uni
vers
ity R
elat
ions
ET
HN
ICIT
Y
It is
impo
ssib
le to
det
ail c
hang
es in
the
prop
ortio
ns id
entif
ying
them
selv
es a
s be
long
ing
to th
e m
ajor
eth
nic
grou
ps in
Haw
aii a
s th
e
1980
cen
sus
grou
ped
thes
e di
ffer
ently
. How
ever
, Haw
aii's
rai
nbow
in 1
990
was
com
pose
d as
fol
low
s:
Cau
casi
an30
.22%
Haw
aiia
n18
.36%
Japa
nese
15.7
5%Fi
lipin
o17
.46%
Chi
nese
3.79
%Pa
cifi
c Is
land
er3.
46%
Afr
ican
Am
eric
an2.
94%
Kor
ean
1.99
%O
ther
6.03
%
GE
ND
ER
The
gro
win
g up
exp
erie
nce
is n
ot th
e sa
me
for
boys
as
it is
for
girl
s. W
hile
the
popu
latio
n is
rou
ghly
hal
f m
ale
and
half
fem
ale,
ther
e ar
e so
me
subt
le d
iffe
renc
es:
Age
Gro
up19
90 E
stim
ate
Mal
e %
Fem
ale
%
1995
Est
imat
e
Mal
e %
Fem
ale
%
0-5
228,
567
78.1
121
5,37
873
.23
6-11
29,5
7310
.11
35,8
7412
.20
12-1
812
,459
4.26
14,7
595.
02B
irth
-18
12,4
594.
2614
,759
5.02
6
POPU
LA
TIO
N B
Y E
TH
NIC
ITY
-1
990
Cau
casi
an
Haw
aiia
n
Japa
nese
Fili
pino
Chi
nese
Pac
ific
Isla
nder
Afr
ican
-Am
eric
an
Kor
ean
Oth
er
BE
ST C
OPY
AV
AIL
AB
LE
W).
3 3
File
te2,
-..s
.7,
Res
ourc
e H
awai
i
1997
Haw
ai'i
Kid
s C
ount
Dat
a B
ook
1 7
OU
R V
ISIO
N F
OR
IlA
WA
111'
S K
IDS
Our
vis
ion
is th
at "
Haw
aii's
kei
ki a
re a
ctiv
e
part
icip
ants
in a
saf
e, n
urtu
ring
, and
stim
ulat
ing
com
mun
ity th
at e
nhan
ces
ever
y ch
ild's
oppo
rtun
ities
to b
ecom
e a
prod
uctiv
e, r
espo
nsib
le
adul
t app
reci
ativ
e of
our
cul
tura
l div
ersi
ty a
nd
natu
ral e
nvir
onm
ent."
4 eN
Haw
aii K
ids
Cou
nt A
dvis
ory
Cou
ncil
Pho
togr
aphy
cour
te-y
of
The
Not
iona
l CoJ
ncil
on A
ging
, Inc
.
Thi
s so
unds
like
an
impo
ssib
le d
ream
, but
in r
ealit
y it
is a
n ho
nest
goa
l for
whi
ch w
e ar
e
will
ing
to s
triv
e. I
t str
esse
s va
lues
that
are
uni
que
to H
awai
`ith
e im
port
ance
of
prot
ectin
g ou
r na
tura
l env
iron
men
t and
mai
ntai
ning
har
mon
y de
spite
our
dive
rsity
. It
also
ref
lect
s va
lues
hel
d m
ore
univ
ersa
llyth
e im
port
ance
of
prod
uctiv
ity a
nd
resp
onsi
bilit
y in
app
roac
hing
adu
lthoo
d. A
nd, e
spec
ially
, it r
ecog
nize
s th
e sh
ared
resp
onsi
bilit
y of
the
who
le 'v
illag
e' (
all a
ges;
all
neig
hbor
hood
s; a
ll ec
onom
ic s
ecto
rs; a
ll
soci
al, r
elig
ious
, pro
fess
iona
l and
pol
itica
l gro
upin
gs)
in g
uidi
ng c
hild
ren
and
yout
h
tow
ard
acce
ptan
ce o
f th
ese
valu
es.
The
com
mon
ly a
ccep
ted
rhet
oric
pro
clai
ms
that
chi
ldre
n ar
e ou
r m
ost i
mpo
rtan
t
reso
urce
. But
we
don'
t alw
ays
trea
t kid
s as
our
valu
ed tr
easu
re. W
e w
ould
nev
er a
ccep
t
havi
ng e
nvir
onm
enta
l pro
tect
ion
leve
ls o
f on
e ho
me
in f
our
rece
ivin
g co
ntam
inat
ed
wat
er, b
ut o
ne im
pove
rish
ed c
hild
in f
our
not h
avin
g ac
cess
to a
good
pre
-sch
ool
prog
ram
is to
lera
ted.
We
wou
ld d
ecla
re a
sta
teof
em
erge
ncy
if h
eart
atta
ck r
ates
trip
led,
but h
ave
not b
een
stir
red
to a
ctio
n by
a tr
iplin
g of
the
child
abu
se r
ates
sin
ce 1
970.
The
se a
re h
ard
issu
es, i
ntim
atel
y co
nnec
ted
to th
e ve
ry e
ssen
ce o
f w
ho w
e ar
e as
a
soci
ety
and
wha
t kin
d of
soc
iety
we
will
bec
ome.
The
se is
sues
aff
ect o
ur 'm
ost i
mpo
rtan
t
reso
urce
' so
we
mus
t fac
e th
em a
nd r
ecog
nize
the
way
s in
whi
ch th
ey a
relim
iting
the
pote
ntia
l for
our
fut
ure
wel
l-be
ing.
BE
STC
OPY
AV
AIL
AB
LE
1997
Haw
ai'i
Kid
s C
ount
Dat
a B
ook
9
A p
erso
n's
sing
le m
ost i
mpo
rtan
t
reso
urce
isus
ually
his
orhe
r fa
mily
.
The
fam
ily ty
pica
lly p
rovi
des
both
conc
rete
and
em
otio
nal s
uppo
rt th
at
othe
rs c
anno
t pro
vide
.
I. I
1E
IZA
-11
FA
MIL
Y C
OM
PO
SIT
ION
& R
ES
OU
RC
ES
he f
amily
as
an in
stitu
tion
has
chan
ged
sign
ific
antly
ove
r th
e ye
ars.
Eac
h cu
lture
has
a di
ffer
ent i
nter
pret
atio
n of
wha
t it e
xpec
ts a
fam
ily to
be. N
o m
atte
r w
hat t
he c
ultu
re,
soci
ety
has
part
icul
ar e
xpec
tatio
ns o
f a
fam
ily, r
equi
rem
ents
that
mus
t be
met
to
ensu
re th
at f
amily
mem
bers
are
nur
ture
d an
d sa
fe. T
he c
hang
es in
soci
ety
itsel
f ha
ve p
ut
addi
tiona
l pre
ssur
es o
n fa
mili
es th
at c
an m
ake
func
tioni
ng a
nd m
eetin
g so
ciet
al e
xpec
tatio
ns o
f
a st
able
uni
t eve
n m
ore
diff
icul
t.
Wha
t fac
tors
in to
day'
s cu
lture
hav
e al
tere
d fa
mili
es' f
unct
ioni
ng?
An
indu
stri
aliz
ed,
impe
rson
al c
limat
e ha
s in
crea
sed
mob
ility
, as
wag
e ea
rner
s fo
llow
the
expa
nsio
n or
rel
ocat
ion
of b
usin
esse
s in
sea
rch
of s
atis
fyin
g, b
ette
r-pa
ying
, or
cont
inui
ng p
ositi
ons.
Mov
es f
requ
ently
prom
ote
furt
her
isol
atio
n of
fam
ilies
. Em
phas
is o
n fa
ster
, mor
e co
mpe
titiv
e, m
ore
affl
uent
lifes
tyle
s pr
oduc
es s
tres
s.
Am
idst
the
stre
sses
of
livin
g in
a h
igh-
pres
sure
d w
orld
, the
fam
ily h
as h
ad to
mak
e
adju
stm
ents
. The
nuc
lear
fam
ily (
mot
her,
fat
her,
and
chi
ldre
n) w
hich
for
a ti
me
had
all b
ut
repl
aced
the
exte
nded
fam
ily (
pare
nts,
chi
ldre
n of
ten
livin
g w
ith g
rand
pare
nts
or a
dult
sibl
ings
) is
now
dec
reas
ing.
The
cur
rent
div
orce
rat
e is
the
high
est e
ver,
and
the
sing
le-p
aren
t
fam
ily r
epre
sent
s a
larg
e pe
rcen
tage
of
the
pare
ntin
g po
pula
tion.
Tod
ay th
ere
are
num
erou
s co
nste
llatio
ns th
at c
an b
e co
nsid
ered
a f
amily
each
with
its
own
stre
ngth
s an
d w
eakn
esse
s an
d is
sues
. In
1970
, mar
ried
coup
les
with
chi
ldre
n m
ade
up
40 p
erce
nt o
f U
.S. h
ouse
hold
s; in
199
5, o
nly
25 p
erce
nt. I
n 19
70, 5
.6 m
illio
n fa
mili
es w
ere
mai
ntai
ned
by w
omen
with
no
husb
and
pres
ent a
nd 1
.2 m
illio
n fa
mili
es w
ere
mai
ntai
ned
by
sing
le m
en. B
y 19
95, t
hose
num
bers
had
mor
e th
an d
oubl
ed to
12.
2 m
illio
n an
d 3.
2 m
illio
n,
resp
ectiv
ely.
The
`ty
pica
l' ho
useh
old
is a
n ill
usio
n.
The
re a
re m
any
way
s of
def
inin
g fa
mily
:
the
func
tiona
l fam
ilym
embe
rs w
ho s
hare
hou
seho
ld ta
sks,
act
iviti
es a
nd c
hild
car
e;
the
lega
l fam
ilybo
und
toge
ther
by
its le
gal s
truc
ture
and
alte
red
by d
ivor
ce o
r th
e le
gal
rem
oval
of
child
ren;
the
fam
ily b
y pe
rcep
tion
whe
re m
embe
rs s
ee o
ther
s as
bei
ng p
art o
f th
e fa
mily
(e.
g.,
live-
in b
oyfr
iend
, con
side
red
to b
e ac
ting
in th
e ro
le o
f fa
ther
and
hus
band
, com
padr
es,
or k
insm
en);
the
biol
ogic
al f
amily
held
toge
ther
by
bloo
d re
latio
nshi
ps; a
nd
n 4
the
fam
ily o
f lo
ng-t
erm
com
mitm
ents
whe
re lo
ng-t
erm
exp
ecta
tions
enc
ompa
ssin
gtr
ust,
fair
ness
, and
loya
lty a
re p
rese
nt.
Whi
le e
very
fam
ily is
dif
fere
nt, e
ach
fam
ily b
ears
res
pons
ibili
ty f
or p
rovi
ding
wha
t its
mem
bers
nee
d to
dev
elop
in a
hea
lthy
way
. Con
sist
ent n
urtu
ring
, car
e gi
ving
, cog
nitiv
e
stim
ulat
ion,
em
otio
nal s
afet
y, a
sen
se o
f th
e fa
mily
's h
isto
ry a
nd v
alue
s, a
nd o
ppor
tuni
ties
for
qual
ity s
ocia
l int
erac
tion
are
equa
lly im
port
ant.
Fam
ily m
embe
rs, f
rom
infa
nts
to th
e el
derl
y,
need
add
ition
al, s
peci
fic
kind
s of
sup
port
as
they
wor
k th
roug
h di
ffer
ent s
tage
s of
deve
lopm
ent a
nd e
ncou
nter
a v
arie
ty o
f ex
peri
ence
s.
The
par
ent-
child
rel
atio
nshi
p is
exp
ecte
d to
pro
vide
fin
anci
al s
ecur
ity, i
nsur
ing
an
adeq
uate
die
t, sh
elte
r, c
loth
ing
and
othe
r ne
cess
ities
of
life.
Sta
bilit
y in
hom
e lif
e gi
ves
a ch
ild
the
emot
iona
l sec
urity
to e
xplo
re, t
o tr
y ne
w id
eas
and
activ
ities
. Goo
d he
alth
and
pro
per
educ
atio
n is
usu
ally
pro
vide
d in
par
tner
ship
with
pro
fess
iona
ls, b
ut th
e ac
tive
invo
lvem
ent o
f
pare
nts
help
s to
ass
ure
that
the
child
will
thri
ve a
nd s
ucce
ed. P
aren
ts a
re th
e ke
y pl
ayer
s as
the
child
dev
elop
s m
oral
ity, i
nteg
rity
and
res
pect
ful a
ttitu
des
tow
ard
othe
rs. T
hese
ess
entia
ls
can
and
shou
ld b
e pr
ovid
ed b
y pa
rent
s re
gard
less
of
fam
ily ty
pe, s
truc
ture
, or
size
.
A p
erso
n's
sing
le m
ost i
mpo
rtan
t res
ourc
e is
usu
ally
his
or
her
fam
ily. T
he f
amily
typi
cally
prov
ides
bot
h co
ncre
te a
nd e
mot
iona
l sup
port
that
oth
ers
cann
ot p
rovi
de. I
n pa
rtic
ular
,
pare
nts
are
pow
erfu
l peo
ple
in c
hild
ren'
s liv
esth
ey p
rovi
de th
eir
child
ren'
s m
ater
ial
nece
ssiti
es, s
erve
as
thei
r ch
ildre
n's
teac
hers
, and
med
iate
thei
r ch
ildre
n's
expe
rien
ces
in th
e
outs
ide
wor
ld. F
amili
es im
part
to c
hild
ren
thei
r cu
lture
, his
tory
, bel
iefs
, val
ues,
and
a s
ense
of
belo
ngin
g. T
hey
poin
t the
chi
ld to
war
d th
e id
entit
y th
at h
e or
she
dev
elop
s.
Gen
der
role
s ar
e pa
rt o
f th
at id
entit
y. W
hile
the
soci
ety
is p
rocl
aim
ing
grea
ter
choi
ces
for
wom
en in
term
s of
car
eers
and
rol
es, g
ende
r ro
les
with
in th
efa
mily
hav
e be
en s
low
to c
hang
e.
Wha
t is
mea
nt b
y eq
ualit
y be
twee
n fe
mal
es a
nd m
ales
with
in f
amili
es is
stil
l bei
ng w
orke
d ou
t.
Stud
ies
have
sho
wn
that
gir
ls a
re m
uch
mor
e lik
ely
to b
e gi
ven
hous
ewor
k or
chi
ld c
are
resp
onsi
bilit
ies
afte
r sc
hool
than
are
boy
s.E
xpec
tatio
ns f
or s
choo
l suc
cess
, ath
letic
part
icip
atio
n, a
nd r
espo
nsib
le b
ehav
ior
may
be
diff
eren
t for
boy
s an
d gi
rls
in th
e sa
me
fam
ily.
Stro
ng f
amili
es h
elp
child
ren
of b
oth
sexe
s le
arn
resi
lient
beh
avio
r w
hen
they
teac
h
prob
lem
-sol
ving
ski
lls a
nd p
rovi
de p
ositi
ve, n
oncr
itica
l sup
port
and
a s
ense
of
toge
ther
ness
.
The
val
ues
and
skill
s le
arne
d at
hom
e gi
ve in
divi
dual
s th
e po
wer
to s
hape
thei
r liv
es.
1997
Haw
ai'i
Kid
s C
ount
Dat
a B
ook
0r_
. 0
IMP
OR
TA
NC
E O
F
IND
ICA
TO
R:
Pove
rty,
as
used
her
e, is
def
ined
by
the
fede
ral g
over
nmen
t and
ref
lect
s
a re
latio
nshi
p be
twee
n fa
mily
inco
me
and
the
cost
of
a ba
sic
mar
ket-
bas-
ket o
f go
ods.
It e
ncom
pass
es f
amily
grou
ps w
ith in
divi
dual
s w
ho h
ave
poor
ly p
ayin
g jo
bs o
r ar
e un
-
empl
oyed
, fam
ilies
livin
g in
sub-
stan
dard
hou
sing
, and
fam
ilies
mor
e lik
ely
to h
ave
only
a s
ingl
e
pare
nt in
res
iden
ce. H
ealth
dis
pari
-
ties
betw
een
poor
peo
ple
and
thos
e
with
hig
her
inco
mes
are
alm
ost u
ni-
vers
al f
or a
ll di
men
sion
s of
hea
lth.
CH
ILD
RE
N IN
PO
VE
RT
Y
Edu
catio
nal a
ttain
men
t ten
ds to
be
both
a c
ause
and
an
effe
ct o
f lo
w
inco
me.
ST
OR
Y T
OLD
BY
TH
E D
AT
A:
Chi
ld p
over
ty h
as b
een
incr
easi
ng in
Haw
aii d
urin
g th
e 19
90s.
Alth
ough
this
rat
e is
onl
y kn
own
for
the
stat
e
as a
who
le, f
ood
stam
p re
lianc
e an
d
qual
ific
atio
n fo
r fr
ee o
r re
duce
d-
pric
e sc
hool
lunc
hes
diff
er b
y co
un-
ty. H
awai
i Cou
nty
has
grea
ter
child
pove
rty
usin
g th
ese
mea
sure
s
near
ly tw
o tim
es h
ighe
r th
an th
e
stat
e av
erag
e.
GE
ND
ER
ED
IMP
AC
T:
Few
stu
dies
hav
e co
nsci
ousl
y lo
oked
at t
he im
pact
of
grow
ing
up in
pov
erty
for
girl
s as
com
pare
d to
boy
s. I
t is
diff
icul
t to
sepa
rate
fam
ily f
inan
ces
from
othe
r so
cial
con
ditio
ns o
f th
e fa
mily
to d
eter
min
e im
pact
s. H
owev
er, s
choo
l
atta
inm
ent t
ends
to b
e af
fect
ed f
or b
oth
mal
es a
nd f
emal
es. E
arly
sex
ual a
ctiv
-
ity a
nd te
en p
regn
ancy
hav
e be
en li
nked
to a
pov
erty
bac
kgro
und
for
fem
ales
.
4.0
PE
RcE
NT
OF
CII
ID
RE
N(b
ased
Hu
tiS p
over
ty le
vel)
INP
OV
l R
Stat
e
1980
13.0
1990
11.1
Ann
ual R
ate
of C
hang
e19
80-9
0
-1.5
8
Ann
ual R
ate
of C
hang
e19
9519
90-9
5
13.4
4.71
Col
INT
Y:
Hon
olul
u13
.010
.1-2
.52
n.a.
Haw
ai`i
15.6
19.8
2.38
n.a.
Kau
a`i
9.7
8.1
-1.8
0n.
a.
Mau
i11
.49.
5-1
.82
n.a.
ET
HN
ICIT
Y:
Cau
casi
ann.
a.*
9.2
n.a.
Japa
nese
n.a.
2.8
n.a.
Haw
aiia
nn.
a.19
.9n.
a.Fi
lipin
on.
a.7.
9n.
a.
Chi
nese
n.a.
7.3
n.a.
Paci
fic
Isla
nder
n.a.
30.2
n.a.
Afr
ican
- A
mer
ican
n.a.
11.5
n.a.
Rec
ent
Tre
nd
*198
0 C
ensu
s di
d no
t use
thes
e et
hnic
cat
egor
ies,
so
the
base
pop
ulat
ion
in e
ach
grou
p is
not
kno
wn
1997
Haw
ai'i
Kid
s C
ount
Dat
a B
ook
Pho
togr
aphy
cou
rtes
y of
Tam
i Daw
son/
Pho
to R
esou
rce
Haw
aii
0 47
CH
ILD
RE
N IN
SIN
GLE
-PA
RE
NT
FA
MIL
IES
IMP
OR
TA
NC
E O
F
IND
ICA
TO
R:
The
re is
gro
win
g co
ncer
nam
ong
polic
y m
aker
s an
d th
e ge
nera
l pub
-
lic o
ver
the
rise
in th
e pe
rcen
t of
child
ren
livin
g in
with
onl
y on
epa
r-
ent.
Sing
le-p
aren
t fam
ilies
, par
ticu-
larl
y th
ose
form
ed w
hen
unm
arri
ed
teen
ager
s gi
ve b
irth
, wer
e a
defi
nite
focu
s of
the
wel
fare
ref
orm
deb
ate
last
yea
r. I
n th
e pa
st d
ecad
e,ev
ery
stat
eex
cept
Uta
h re
cord
ed a
n
incr
ease
in th
is m
easu
re.
Chi
ldre
n gr
owin
gup
in s
ingl
e-
pare
nt h
ouse
hold
s ty
pica
lly d
o no
t
have
acc
ess
to th
e sa
me
econ
omic
orhu
man
reso
urce
s(m
oney
,
pare
ntal
tim
e, a
nd a
ttent
ion)
that
are
avai
labl
e to
thos
e in
two-
pare
nt f
am-
ilies
. Onl
y on
e-th
ird
of m
othe
r-he
ad-
ed f
amili
es a
re r
ecei
ving
chi
ldsu
p-
port
, bot
h na
tiona
lly a
nd in
Haw
aii.
ST
OR
Y T
OLD
BY
TH
E D
AT
A:
Nat
iona
lly, t
here
has
bee
n an
18%
incr
ease
in f
amili
es h
eade
d by
a s
in-
gle
pare
nt s
ince
198
5. I
n H
awai
i,
the
incr
ease
has
bee
n 5%
in th
e
sam
e tim
e pe
riod
. Bec
ause
the
data
com
e fr
oma
natio
nal
surv
ey
betw
een
cens
al y
ears
, cou
nty
diff
er-
ence
s ca
nnot
be
know
n ag
ain
until
the
year
200
0.
GE
ND
ER
ED
IMP
AC
T:
Sinc
e th
e cu
stod
ial p
aren
t is
the
mot
her
in 8
5% o
f al
lca
ses,
it is
impo
rtan
t
to c
onsi
der
the
diff
eren
t im
pact
s of
livi
ng w
ith m
othe
rs, o
n bo
ys a
nd g
irls
.
All
child
ren
in th
is c
ircu
mst
ance
hav
e a
dim
inis
hed
oppo
rtun
ity f
or le
arni
ng
how
to b
e a
part
ner
in a
sta
ble
two-
pare
nt f
amily
. The
lack
of
role
mod
els
for
boys
is a
par
ticul
ar p
robl
em. O
ne r
ecen
t stu
dy o
fyo
ung,
non
-cus
todi
al
fath
ers
who
are
beh
ind
on th
eir
child
-sup
port
paym
ents
fou
nd th
at le
ss th
an
half
of
thes
e m
en w
ere
livin
g w
ith th
eir
own
fath
er a
tag
e 14
. For
gir
ls th
ere
is o
ften
dif
ficu
lty in
dev
elop
ing
real
istic
yet
trus
ting
rela
tions
hips
with
mal
es,
lead
ing
to h
ighe
r ri
sk o
f te
en p
regn
ancy
.
n8
PER
CE
NT
0r
CH
ILD
RE
N I
. I '
IG
\X"
I I
II S
ING
LE
i)R
EN
TS
Stat
e
1980
17.8
1990
20.8
Ann
ual R
ate
of C
hang
e19
80-1
990
1.56
Ann
ual R
ate
of C
hang
e19
9419
90-1
994
20.2
-0.9
8
CO
UN
TY
:
Hon
olul
u17
.218
.50.
73n.
a.H
awai
`i17
.922
.02.
06n.
a.K
aua`
i10
.618
.15.
35n.
a.M
aui
17.4
19.7
1.24
n.a.
Pho
togr
aphy
cou
rtes
y of
Tam
i Daw
son/
Pho
to R
esou
rce
Haw
aii
BE
ST C
OPY
AV
AIL
AB
LE
1997
Haw
ai'i
Kid
s C
ount
Dat
a B
ook
Rec
ent
Tre
nd
IMP
OR
TA
NC
E O
F
IND
ICA
TO
R:
Bir
ths
to te
ens
are
very
bas
ic in
dica
-
tions
of
the
stre
ngth
of
new
fam
ilies
in o
ur s
tate
. The
re a
re e
ffec
ts o
n
both
the
teen
ager
bec
omin
g a
par-
ent a
nd o
n th
e in
fant
bor
n in
to s
uch
circ
umst
ance
s. T
he n
ew p
aren
t is
at
grea
t ris
k of
pov
erty
, les
sene
d ed
u-
catio
nal a
ttain
men
t, an
d m
arita
l
inst
abili
ty. T
he in
fant
is m
ore
likel
y
than
ave
rage
to h
ave
had
no e
arly
pren
atal
car
e, to
be
of lo
w b
irth
-
wei
ght,
and
to b
e un
prep
ared
for
suc
-
cess
in s
choo
l. K
now
n ri
sk f
acto
rs f
or
fam
ily f
orm
atio
n ar
e:1)
par
ents
unm
arri
ed, 2
) m
othe
r un
der
20 y
ears
of a
ge, a
nd 3
) m
othe
r no
t a h
igh
scho
ol g
radu
ate.
In
Haw
aii,
8.5%
of
all f
irst
bir
ths
wer
e af
fect
ed b
y al
l
thre
e ri
sk f
acto
rs; 3
6% o
f al
l fir
st
birt
hs w
ere
to u
nmar
ried
par
ents
.
BIR
TH
S T
O S
ING
LE T
EE
N M
OM
S
ST
OR
Y T
OLD
BY
TH
E D
AT
A:
In 1
995,
10%
of
all b
irth
s in
Haw
aii
wer
e to
mot
hers
und
er 2
0 ye
ars
of
age.
Thi
s is
an
incr
ease
ove
r th
e la
st
deca
de, a
lthou
gh th
e pe
rcen
tage
is
cert
ainl
y af
fect
ed b
y th
e nu
mbe
r of
birt
hs to
old
er w
omen
. 199
5 bi
rths
wer
e fe
wer
than
any
yea
r si
nce
1985
.
The
bir
th r
ate
of 4
0.2
per
1,00
0
teen
fem
ales
in H
awai
i is
an 1
1%
decr
ease
fro
m 1
990.
The
nat
iona
l
Kid
s C
ount
dat
aboo
k re
flec
ts th
e
birt
h ra
te f
or 1
5 to
17-
year
-old
s at
38, w
ith th
e H
awai
i rat
e fo
r th
is a
ge
at 3
2. A
t eve
ry a
ge f
or f
emal
es, t
he
birt
h ra
te h
as d
eclin
ed. I
t has
als
o
decl
ined
for
eac
h co
unty
and
mos
t
ethn
ic g
roup
s.
NO
N-M
AR
ITA
I, T
EE
N B
IRT
Hs
(,, 1
.000
fem
ale:
age
1i--
19)
Stat
e
1980
28.5
1990
45.2
Ann
ual R
ate
of C
hang
e19
80-9
0
4.6
1995
40.2
Ann
ual R
ate
of C
hang
e19
90-9
5
-1.2
6
Tre
nd
CO
UN
TY
:
Hon
olul
u27
.343
.34.
637
.1-0
.95
Haw
ai`i
36.6
53.4
3.8
55.7
-1.0
3
Kau
a`i
31.5
40.5
2.5
41.1
-4.7
4
Mau
i28
.551
.86.
044
.0-1
.75
ET
HN
ICIT
Y:
Cau
casi
an1.
99.
316
.16
6.3
-4.0
7
Haw
aiia
n95
.715
7.1
4.95
143.
1-0
.96
Japa
nese
9.3
13.3
3.59
9.5
6.33
Filip
ino
23.9
42.1
5.68
34.9
-1.3
5
Chi
nese
5.1
10.0
6.62
4.8
-6.2
9
Paci
fic
Isla
nder
29.6
48.7
4.99
34.0
-14.
22
Kor
ean
8.6
10.2
1.76
17.1
-1.2
60
Afr
ican
-Am
eric
an18
.230
.75.
1940
.90.
09
Oth
er4.
414
.511
.80
25.1
6.17
BIR
TH
RA
TE
S B
Y A
GE
OF
FA
TH
ER
S, 1
980-
1994
Unk
now
n =
(44
9) 2
4%
GE
ND
ER
ED
IMP
AC
T:
The
re is
no
know
n ge
nder
eff
ect f
or in
fant
s.L
ittle
res
earc
h ha
s be
en c
on-
duct
ed o
n th
e im
pact
of
beco
min
g a
teen
fat
her.
00
Age
25+
= (
159)
9%
BE
ST
CO
PY
AV
AIL
AB
LE
1997
Haw
ai'i
Kid
s C
ount
Dat
a B
ook
Age
15-
19 =
(51
4) 2
8%
Age
20-
24 =
(71
6) 3
9%vY
Muc
his
said
abo
ut
'bir
ths
to te
en m
oms'
.
Wha
t abo
ut th
e da
ds'
are
they
teen
s? B
irth
cert
ific
ate
info
rmat
ion
indi
cate
s th
at a
ge o
f th
e
fath
er is
unk
now
n a
quar
ter
of th
e tim
e.
Stat
istic
s sh
ow h
alf
of
the
men
invo
lved
in
'teen
pre
gnan
cies
are
not t
eena
gers
.
IMP
OR
TA
NC
E O
F
IND
ICA
TO
R:
The
re is
a g
reat
dif
fere
nce
betw
een
the
heal
th c
are
obta
ined
by
insu
red
and
unin
sure
d ch
ildre
n, w
ith th
e la
t-
ter
cons
ider
ably
less
likel
yto
rece
ive
the
heal
th c
are
they
nee
d. A
rece
nt s
tudy
fou
nd th
at a
lmos
t tw
o
out o
f fi
ve c
hild
ren
who
wer
e un
in-
sure
d fo
r lo
nger
than
one
yea
r ha
d
no d
octo
r vi
sits
dur
ing
the
year
.
Thi
s w
as m
ore
than
twic
e th
e ra
te
for
insu
red
child
ren.
Thi
s w
as e
ven
true
for
chi
ldre
n un
der
5 ye
ars
of
GE
ND
ER
ED
IMP
AC
T:
No
know
n di
ffer
entia
l.
0 4
CH
ILD
RE
N W
ITH
HE
AL
age,
thos
e m
ost n
eedi
ng r
outin
e
imm
uniz
atio
ns a
nd r
egul
ar m
onito
r-
ing
of th
eir
grow
th a
nd d
evel
opm
ent.
ST
OR
Y T
OLD
BY
TH
E D
AT
A:
Alth
ough
ther
e ha
ve b
een
annu
al
vari
atio
ns in
the
perc
ent o
f ch
ildre
n
in H
awai
i who
are
not
cov
ered
by
som
e fo
rm o
f he
alth
insu
ranc
e, th
e
1995
per
cent
is o
nly
a te
nth
of a
perc
ent h
ighe
r th
an th
at o
f 19
87.
The
larg
est c
ount
of
unin
sure
d ch
il-
dren
was
in 1
993,
with
9.5
%.
PIA
CE
NT
OF
CH
ILD
RE
N W
ITH
HE
ALT
H IN
SU
RA
NC
E(p
riva
te a
nd p
ublic
)
Ann
ual R
ate
of C
hang
eA
nnua
l Rat
e of
Cha
nge
Rec
ent
1980
1990
1980
-199
019
9519
90-1
995
Tre
nd
Sta
te84
.392
.10.
7993
.10.
22
PE
RC
EN
TA
GE
FR
OM
PO
VE
RT
Y A
ND
HE
ALT
H IN
SU
RA
NC
E C
OV
ER
AG
E
20 15 10 5 0
% o
f Chi
ldre
n
% o
f Chi
ldre
n U
nins
ured
100%
,10
0-12
4%12
5-14
9% 1
50-1
74%
175-
199%
BE
ST
CO
PY
AV
AIL
AB
LE
% o
f Hou
seho
ld In
com
e fr
om F
eder
al P
over
ty L
ine
oak)
/cc
Jr+
Lq
c- T
am D
avis
on /P
hoto
Res
ourc
e H
awai
i
1997
Haw
ai'i
Kid
s C
ount
Dat
a B
ook
Hal
f of
the
child
ren
in
Haw
ai'i
live
in f
amili
es
with
inco
mes
ove
r 25
9% o
f
the
fede
ral p
over
ty
whi
ch is
adj
uste
d fo
r, .f
ami-
4, s
ize.
Of
thes
e
4% la
th h
ealth
insu
ranc
e.
Perc
enta
ges
inot
her
inco
me
cate
gori
es s
how
that
thos
e ve
ry n
ear
the
pove
rty
line
are
mos
t lik
ely'
to h
e w
ithou
t hea
lth
insu
ranc
e.
IMP
OR
TA
NC
E O
F
IND
ICA
TO
R:
Hou
sing
is a
maj
or p
art o
f th
e fa
mily
budg
et e
very
whe
re, b
ut th
e co
st o
f
hous
ing
in H
awai
i is
high
er th
an in
mos
t oth
er lo
catio
ns, f
orm
ing
a la
rge
part
of
the
'pri
ce o
f pa
radi
se'.
Whe
n
fam
ilies
mus
t exp
end
a la
rger
pro
-
port
ion
of th
eir
avai
labl
e in
com
e fo
r
hous
ing,
they
are
req
uire
d to
cut
back
els
ewhe
re in
thei
r bu
dget
.
Ade
quat
e ho
usin
g is
impo
rtan
t to
the
CO
ST
OF
SH
ELT
ER
stab
ility
and
ord
erlin
ess
of li
fe th
at
prom
otes
goo
d ch
ild d
evel
opm
ent.
ST
OR
Y T
OLD
BY
TH
E D
AT
A:
With
gro
win
g un
empl
oym
ent a
nd
stag
natin
g fa
mily
inco
mes
, the
sha
re
of th
e fa
mily
bud
get t
hat i
s re
quir
ed
by h
ousi
ng c
osts
has
incr
ease
d.
The
re h
as b
een
som
e re
cord
of
falli
ng r
ents
and
sta
gnan
t pur
chas
e
pric
es, m
akin
g th
e in
crea
se m
odes
t.
GE
ND
ER
ED
IMP
AC
T:
The
re is
no
know
n di
ffer
ence
bet
wee
n m
ale
and
fem
ale
child
ren
rega
rdin
g
the
impa
ct o
f tig
hter
fam
ily b
udge
ts.
PER
CE
\T O
FD
GE
T E
xpE
\DE
DF
OR
Hot
'SIN
G(p
er L
iVer
age
crrn
:nrr
rrr
unit)
1991
1993
1995
Ann
ual R
ate
of C
hang
e19
91-1
995
Rec
ent
Tre
nd
Stat
e
$ Sp
ent O
n Sh
elte
r
BE
ST
CO
PY
AV
AIL
AB
LE
30.8
31.4
11,1
9612
,261
31.6
12,3
13
1997
Haw
ai'i
Kid
s C
ount
Dat
a B
ook
0.64
5
Hea
lthy
grow
th a
nd
deve
lopm
ent d
urin
g in
fanc
y an
d ea
rly
child
hood
will
est
ablis
h an
d
affe
ct h
ealth
ypa
ttern
s fo
rla
ter
deve
lopm
ent.
Thi
s is
tim
e to
"H
e L
ei
Na
Kei
ki"
or to
"C
heri
sh th
e
Bel
oved
Chi
ld". at
imili
s"
4
,
INF
AN
CY
& P
RE
SC
HO
OL
Dan
a H
. Dav
idso
n, P
h.D
., A
ssoc
iate
Pro
fess
or o
f H
uman
Res
ourc
es, U
HM
The
sho
rt ti
me
from
pre
-nat
al d
evel
opm
ent,
birt
h th
roug
h in
fanc
y, a
nd e
arly
child
hood
is a
dra
mat
ic p
erio
d of
gro
wth
and
cha
nge!
It i
s al
so a
vul
nera
ble
time
for
youn
g ch
ildre
n be
caus
e so
muc
h is
gro
win
g an
dch
angi
ng. I
nfan
ts a
nd y
oung
child
ren
depe
nd u
pon
thei
r fa
mili
es a
nd c
areg
iver
s to
pro
tect
them
and
pro
vide
nut
ritio
n,
stim
ulat
ion,
love
, med
ical
car
e an
d gu
idan
ce th
roug
h th
ese
shor
t fiv
e or
six
"w
onde
rful
yea
rs".
Thi
s is
tim
e to
"H
e L
ei N
a K
eiki
" or
to "
Che
rish
the
Bel
oved
Chi
ld".
It i
s im
port
ant t
o kn
ow
how
pro
blem
s su
ch a
s ch
ild a
buse
and
neg
lect
, lac
k of
med
ical
car
e an
d po
or n
utri
tion
can
harm
the
deve
lopm
ent o
f ve
ry y
oung
chi
ldre
n. H
ere
are
seve
n cr
itica
l are
as o
f de
velo
pmen
t for
infa
nts
and
youn
g ch
ildre
n th
at a
re im
pact
ed b
y th
e is
sues
pre
sent
ed in
this
boo
k:
BR
AIN
GR
OW
TH
Maj
or c
hang
es c
an b
e ex
pect
ed in
bra
in g
row
th. A
new
born
bab
y's
brai
n
is a
bout
30%
of
adul
t bra
in s
ize
and
by a
ge th
ree
year
s it
is a
bout
85%
the
size
of y
ours
. Yet
it
will
stil
l tak
e an
othe
r 18
-20
year
s to
com
plet
e br
ain
grow
th!
Ear
ly p
re-n
atal
car
e an
d pr
oper
nutr
ition
dur
ing
preg
nanc
y ca
n he
lp b
rain
gro
wth
wel
l bef
ore
a ch
ild is
bor
n. T
hrea
ts to
bra
in
grow
th c
ome
from
mot
her's
sm
okin
g, c
onsu
mpt
ion
of a
lcoh
ol a
nd d
rugs
suc
h as
coc
aine
,
infe
ctio
ns, o
r ev
en p
rolo
nged
str
ess
such
as
dom
estic
abu
se. C
aref
ul f
eedi
ng, l
ovin
g ca
re,
stim
ulat
ion,
avo
idin
g ill
ness
thro
ugh
imm
uniz
atio
n an
d of
feri
ng b
ooks
, pla
y an
d go
od e
arly
child
hood
edu
catio
n w
ill h
elp
the
brai
ns o
f yo
ung
child
ren
to g
row
and
dev
elop
.
BO
DY
The
rat
e an
d ty
pes
of p
hysi
cal g
row
th w
hich
occ
ur f
rom
pre
gnan
cy th
roug
h ea
rly
child
hood
are
ast
ound
ing.
90%
of
a ba
by's
bod
y pa
rts
are
in p
lace
onl
y ei
ght w
eeks
aft
er
conc
eptio
n -
ofte
n be
fore
a m
othe
r ev
en k
now
s sh
e is
pre
gnan
t. In
crea
se in
bod
y w
eigh
t
trip
les
for
a ba
by b
etw
een
birt
h an
d ar
ound
age
one
yea
r. B
etw
een
birt
h an
d fi
ve y
ears
a c
hild
gain
s ov
er f
ive
poun
ds p
er y
ear
(an
aver
age
5 ye
ar o
ld w
eigh
s 38
-45
poun
ds)
and
grow
s tw
o
to th
ree
inch
es p
er y
ear
(hei
ght o
f fi
ve y
ear-
olds
ave
rage
s ar
ound
42-4
6 in
ches
).
AT
TA
CH
ME
NT
AN
D S
EC
UR
ITY
Feel
ings
of
bein
g w
ante
d an
d lo
ved
are
as im
port
ant t
o
infa
nt-c
hild
gro
wth
as
food
and
wat
er. T
he f
irst
few
yea
rs o
f lif
e, e
ven
befo
re b
irth
, are
prof
ound
ly im
port
ant i
n te
rms
of a
ttach
men
t and
sec
urity
. Thi
s de
velo
ps b
etw
een
infa
nts
and
thei
r ca
regi
vers
thro
ugh
daily
act
iviti
es. Y
oung
chi
ldre
n le
arn
they
can
cou
nt o
n an
adu
lt (o
r
mor
e th
an o
ne)
and
will
act
ually
lear
n an
d ex
plor
e m
ore
beca
use
they
fee
l the
re is
a "
hom
e
base
" w
here
they
are
love
d an
d ap
prec
iate
d.
1997
Haw
ai'i
Kid
s
LAN
GU
AG
EL
angu
age
lear
ning
is a
life
long
task
and
the
rate
at w
hich
infa
nts
and
youn
g
child
ren
lear
n is
ast
onis
hing
. By
the
age
of o
ne y
ear
an in
fant
may
spe
ak o
ne o
r tw
o w
ords
whi
ch a
re r
ecog
niza
ble
to a
dults
; by
the
age
of tw
o ye
ars,
ove
r tw
o hu
ndre
d w
ords
. A s
ix y
ear
old
may
spe
ak s
ever
al th
ousa
nd w
ords
and
und
erst
and
12-1
3,00
0 w
ords
. Inf
ants
and
you
ng
child
ren
prob
ably
und
erst
and
muc
h m
ore
than
they
can
say
. Lan
guag
e le
arni
ng a
nd s
choo
l
succ
ess
go h
and
in h
and.
Lan
guag
e is
aff
ecte
d by
phy
sica
l and
emot
iona
l hea
lth, b
y br
ain
grow
th a
nd b
y th
e en
viro
nmen
t.
TH
OU
GH
TIn
fant
s an
d to
ddle
rs m
ove
from
bei
ng r
efle
xive
bei
ngs
to a
ctiv
ely
expl
orin
g th
e
wor
ld o
n th
eir
own.
You
ng c
hild
ren
beco
me
prob
lem
sol
vers
, lea
rn h
ow to
pay
atte
ntio
n, a
sk
ques
tions
, and
bui
ld u
p m
emor
ies
ever
y da
y. B
est o
f al
l, ea
rly
child
hood
is a
mag
ical
tim
e
whe
n im
agin
atio
n be
gins
to b
loss
om. C
hild
ren
need
to e
xplo
re in
a s
afe,
hea
lthy
plac
e. T
hey
need
adu
lts to
ans
wer
que
stio
ns p
atie
ntly
and
to o
ffer
inte
rest
ing
thin
gs to
do.
It i
s di
ffic
ult f
or
babi
es a
nd y
oung
chi
ldre
n to
dev
elop
inte
llect
ually
if th
ere
is s
hout
ing
and
figh
ting
goin
g on
,
or b
ecau
se o
f ill
ness
due
to la
ck o
f im
mun
izat
ion,
or
if a
mot
her
was
usi
ng d
rugs
bef
ore
birt
h
and
her
child
is f
ight
ing
the
resu
lts o
f ad
dict
ion.
LE
AR
NIN
G T
O G
ET
AL
ON
GD
urin
g th
e fi
rst y
ears
of
life
infa
nts
lear
n ab
out t
hem
selv
es
thou
gh th
eir
inte
ract
ions
with
oth
ers.
The
y ne
ed to
be
held
and
cud
dled
, inv
olve
d in
talk
ing
and
smili
ng. T
hey
are
very
inte
rest
ed in
oth
er p
eopl
e an
d m
odel
soc
ial b
ehav
ior
on w
hat t
hey
see.
Tod
dler
s le
arn
to w
ait t
heir
turn
, not
to h
urt o
ther
s, a
nd e
xplo
re p
ositi
ve w
ays
topl
ay w
ith
child
ren
and
adul
ts. B
y fo
ur o
r fi
ve y
oung
chi
ldre
n ar
e in
tere
sted
in s
uper
her
oes.
The
y lik
e to
do s
impl
e ch
ores
and
to f
eel t
hey
are
help
ing
out a
nd c
ontr
ibut
ing
to th
eir
fam
ily o
r ch
ild c
are
prog
ram
. The
y ne
ed to
fee
l tha
t the
y be
long
and
are
wan
ted
by o
ther
s.
GE
ND
ER
RO
LEFe
elin
gs a
bout
gen
der
may
be
affe
cted
eve
n be
fore
bir
th, w
hen
fam
ily
mem
bers
beg
in "
role
cre
atio
n", i
mag
inin
g ho
w th
eir
child
will
be.
By
the
time
a ch
ild is
two,
she
know
s th
at s
he is
a g
irl,
and
that
gir
ls tu
rn in
to w
omen
(th
is is
cal
led
"gen
der
cons
tanc
y").
Boy
s re
aliz
e th
ey w
ill b
ecom
e m
en. A
ll ch
ildre
n, b
oth
boys
and
gir
ls, n
eed
to b
e
enco
urag
ed to
exp
lore
, spe
ak f
or th
emse
lves
, pla
y ac
tivel
y, a
nd tr
y ou
t new
ski
lls. G
irls
and
boys
lear
n th
ey c
an m
ake
mis
take
s an
d th
en tr
y ag
ain.
You
ng c
hild
ren
deve
lop
a se
lf-c
once
pt,
lear
ning
who
they
are
and
wha
t the
y ca
n do
. Bei
ng a
fem
ale,
or
bein
g a
mal
e, g
reat
ly
infl
uenc
es w
hat a
chi
ld w
ill b
ecom
e!
Cou
nt D
ata
Boo
k
0 0
BE
ST
CO
PY
AV
AIL
AB
LE
IMP
OR
TA
NC
E O
F
IND
ICA
TO
R:
Res
earc
h sh
ows
that
wom
en w
ho
rece
ive
adeq
uate
ear
ly p
rena
tal c
are
are
mor
e lik
ely
to g
ive
birt
h to
heal
thy,
ful
l-te
rm, n
orm
al-w
eigh
t
babi
es. I
t is
an in
dica
tion
of m
ater
-
nal h
ealth
and
pre
para
tion
for
par-
enth
ood.
Mot
hers
who
lack
hea
lth
insu
ranc
e ar
e le
ss li
kely
to s
eek
and
obta
in p
rena
tal c
are.
EA
RLY
PR
EN
AT
AL
CA
RE
ST
OR
Y T
OLD
BY
TH
E D
AT
A:
Oth
er th
an a
slig
ht d
eclin
e in
Mau
i
Cou
nty,
all
othe
r co
untie
s sh
ow in
incr
ease
in p
rena
tal c
are
with
the
mos
t sig
nifi
cant
impr
ovem
ent o
n
0`ah
u. E
very
eth
nic
grou
p sh
owed
mor
e m
othe
rs g
ettin
g ea
rly
care
,
with
Pac
ific
Isl
ande
rs h
avin
g a
low
er
perc
enta
ge b
ut a
gre
ater
gai
n.
GE
ND
ER
ED
IMP
AC
T:
Gen
der
is o
f gr
eat i
nter
est i
n th
e pr
enat
al p
erio
d, w
ith s
ome
cultu
ral p
ref-
eren
ces
for
the
firs
t chi
ld to
be
mal
e. A
s ge
nder
is u
nkno
wn
thro
ugh
the
firs
t tri
mes
ter,
ther
e is
no
logi
cal i
mpa
ct o
n pr
enat
al c
are
duri
ng th
at ti
me.
How
ever
, onc
e th
e ba
by's
gen
der
is k
now
n, it
can
hav
e an
eff
ect o
n co
nsis
-
tenc
y of
pre
nata
l car
e an
d on
oth
er p
lann
ing
for
care
aft
er th
e bi
rth.
Alth
ough
the
earl
ier
peri
ods
show
ed s
light
ly m
ore
baby
gir
ls h
avin
g ha
d
earl
y pr
enat
al c
are,
the
mos
t rec
ent d
ata
favo
rs b
aby
boys
.
4 2
PE
RC
EN
T O
F B
AB
IES
BO
RN
TO
WO
ME
N W
HO
GO
T E
AR
LYP
RE
\ \ T
A L
CA
R E
Stat
e
1980
76.2
1990
68.9
Ann
ual R
ate
of C
hang
e19
80-1
990
-1.0
1
1995
81.2
Ann
ual R
ate
of C
hang
e R
ecen
t19
90-1
994
Tre
nd
3.29
CO
UN
TY
:
Hon
olul
u78
.567
.6-1
.46
83.2
4.14
Haw
ai`i
68.7
71.0
0.32
77.5
1.74
Kau
a`i
66.0
66.2
0.03
77.6
3.15
Mau
i71
.272
.70.
2072
.3-0
.11
ET
HN
ICIT
Y:
Cau
casi
an81
.375
.1-0
.79
87.6
5.23
Japa
nese
88.4
81.1
-0.8
793
.06.
56
Haw
aiia
n71
.570
.0-1
.17
78.5
6.34
Filip
ino
75.5
67.8
-1.0
884
.48.
43
Chi
nese
88.2
80.2
-0.9
592
.88.
99
Paci
fic
Isla
nder
48.8
39.8
-2.0
270
.816
.21
Afr
ican
-Am
eric
an74
.365
.4-1
.27
80.8
7.68
Oth
er64
.865
.80.
1588
.011
.35
G N
I) E
R :
Mal
e75
.568
.3-1
.00
81.3
3.47
Fem
ale
76.9
69.4
-1.0
281
.13.
10
LAT
E C
AR
E V
S. O
UT
CO
ME
35 30 25 20 15 10
5 0
Lack
Ear
ly P
rena
tal C
are
1111
Low
Birt
h-W
eigh
t
1980
1990
1995
1997
Haw
ai'i
Kid
s C
ount
Dat
a B
ook
Thi
s gr
aph
deta
ils c
hang
es in
ear
ly p
rena
tal c
am
and
low
wei
ght b
irth
s. D
espi
te g
reat
impr
ovem
ents
in th
e pe
rcen
t of
wom
en g
ettin
g ea
rly
care
, low
birt
h-w
eigh
t bab
ies
cont
inue
to b
e a
conc
ern
in
our
stat
e.
43
IMP
OR
TA
NC
E O
F
IND
ICA
TO
R:
Infa
nts
wei
ghin
g le
ss th
an 5
.5 p
ound
s
at b
irth
hav
e an
impa
ired
abi
lity
to
surv
ive
the
firs
t yea
r of
life
. Whi
le
the
surv
ival
rat
es o
f lo
w b
irth
-wei
ght
infa
nts
have
incr
ease
d du
eto
adva
nces
in n
eona
tal m
edic
ine,
thei
r
chan
ces
for
optim
al h
ealth
and
deve
lopm
ent a
re r
educ
ed. L
ow b
irth
-
wei
ght h
as b
een
asso
ciat
ed w
ith
men
tal r
etar
datio
n, b
irth
def
ects
,
cere
bral
pal
sy, e
pile
psy,
hea
ring
and
visi
on d
efec
ts, d
elay
ed s
peec
h, a
nd
chro
nic
lung
pro
blem
s.
Low
bir
th-w
eigh
t inf
ants
are
a
dive
rse
grou
p: s
ome
are
born
pre
-
mat
urel
y, s
ome
are
full-
term
but
LOW
BIR
TH
-WE
IGH
T IN
FA
NT
Ssm
all f
or th
eir
gest
atio
nal a
ge, a
nd
som
e ar
e bo
th p
rem
atur
e an
d sm
all.
ST
OR
Y T
OLD
BY
TH
E D
AT
A:
The
pro
port
ion
of b
irth
s at
low
birt
h-w
eigh
t is
incr
easi
ng in
mos
t
sub-
popu
latio
ns, e
ven
thou
gh e
arly
pren
atal
car
e is
incr
easi
ng a
nd th
e
teen
bir
th r
ate
is d
ecre
asin
g. T
he
latte
r tw
o fa
ctor
s ar
e no
rmal
ly a
sso-
ciat
ed w
ith a
red
uctio
n in
low
wei
ght b
irth
s. A
n in
crea
sing
per
-
cent
age
of lo
w b
irth
-wei
ght b
abie
s
on 0
`ahu
and
Kau
al c
ause
d th
e
stat
e av
erag
e to
incr
ease
, alth
ough
Haw
aii a
nd M
aui c
ount
ies
expe
ri-
ence
d a
decl
ine.
GE
ND
ER
ED
IMP
AC
T:
The
re h
as b
een
a co
nsis
tent
pat
tern
in H
awai
i of
a gr
eate
r pr
opor
tion
of
fem
ales
than
mal
es h
avin
g lo
w b
irth
-wei
ght.
How
ever
, the
infa
nt m
orta
lity
rate
of f
emal
es h
as b
een
cons
iste
ntly
low
er th
an th
at o
f m
ales
in th
e la
st d
ecad
e.
44
PER
CE
NT
OF
BA
BIE
S W
ITH
LO
W-B
IRT
II-W
EIG
IIT
(les
sth
an )
.5 in
nind
s)
Stat
e
1980 7.1
1990
7.1
Ann
ual R
ate
of C
hang
e19
80-1
990
0.0
1995 7.8
Ann
ual R
ate
of C
hang
e19
90-1
995
1.84
Rec
ent
Tre
nd
CO
UN
TY
:
Hon
olul
u7.
27.
1-0
.04
8.1
2.45
SH
awai
`i6.
17.
72.
437.
6-0
.20
Kau
a`i
7.5
8.0
0.75
6.7
-3.8
0M
aui
7.5
5.7
-2.8
36.
52.
56
E T
it N
ICIT
Y:
Cau
casi
an5.
45.
60.
305.
80.
70Ja
pane
se7.
06.
9-0
.14
8.5
4.23
Haw
aiia
n7.
17.
40.
417.
70.
80Fi
lipin
o9.
68.
8-0
.87
10.0
2.49
Chi
nese
4.6
6.2
2.90
6.5
1.01
Paci
fic
Isla
nder
3.9
4.1
0.58
4.9
3.43
Afr
ican
-Am
eric
an10
.011
.00.
9710
.3-1
.20
Oth
er6.
77.
4-1
0.67
8.0
1.62
C;
EN
DE
R:
Mal
e6.
76.
6-0
.23
7.7
3.27
Fem
ale
7.5
7.7
0.28
7.9
0.47
1997
Haw
ai'i
Kid
s C
ount
Dat
a B
ook
.4 5
IMP
OR
TA
NC
E O
F
IND
ICA
TO
R:
The
ris
k of
dea
th f
or c
hild
ren
and
yout
his
high
est
inin
fanc
y.
Indi
vidu
als
don'
t fac
e an
equ
ally
high
ris
k of
dea
th u
ntil
they
rea
ch
the
age
of 6
5 or
old
er.
The
infa
nt m
orta
lity
rate
is a
n
impo
rtan
t mea
sure
of
the
wel
l-be
ing
of in
fant
s, c
hild
ren,
and
pre
gnan
t
wom
en b
ecau
se it
is a
ssoc
iate
d w
ith
a va
riet
y of
fac
tors
, suc
h as
mat
erna
l
heal
th, q
ualit
y an
d ac
cess
to m
edic
al
care
, soc
ioec
onom
ic c
ondi
tions
,
and
publ
ic h
ealth
pra
ctic
es. T
he
Cen
ters
for
Dis
ease
Con
trol
and
Prev
entio
n ha
ve f
ound
that
abo
ut
one-
thir
d of
infa
nt d
eath
s ar
e as
so-
ciat
ed w
ith c
ondi
tions
or
even
ts th
at
INF
AN
T M
OR
TA
LIT
Y
aris
e af
ter
deliv
ery,
whi
ch o
ften
ref
lect
soci
al o
r en
viro
nmen
tal f
acto
rs.
ST
OR
Y T
OLD
BY
TH
E D
AT
A:
The
tren
d to
war
d fe
wer
infa
nt d
eath
s
cont
inue
d, r
efle
ctin
g im
prov
emen
ts
in n
eona
tal c
are
and
acce
ss to
that
care
. All
coun
ties
shar
ed in
the
tren
d,
with
the
grea
test
impr
ovem
ents
occu
ring
on
the
neig
hbor
isla
nds.
How
ever
, the
num
ber
of in
fant
deat
hs is
qui
te s
mal
l whi
ch m
akes
the
vari
abili
ty u
nrel
iabl
e. T
here
was
mor
e di
ffer
ence
in th
e et
hnic
dis
tri-
butio
n, w
ith th
e im
prov
emen
t mad
e
in th
e th
ree
larg
est g
roup
s an
d
amon
g A
fric
an A
mer
ican
s.
GE
ND
ER
ED
IMP
AC
T:
Alth
ough
ther
e ar
e m
ore
mal
es b
orn
each
yea
r, th
ey a
lso
have
a h
ighe
r pe
r-
cent
age
of in
fant
dea
ths.
Thi
s di
ffer
ence
is lo
ng-s
tand
ing
and
seem
s to
refl
ect a
gre
ater
har
dine
ss a
mon
g fe
mal
es a
t the
you
nges
t age
.
46
hEA
NT
MO
RT
AL
ITY
RA
TE
Stat
e
1980
10.1
1990 6.5
Ann
ual R
ate
of C
hang
e19
80-1
990
-4.4
7
1995 5.7
Ann
ual R
ate
of C
hang
e19
90-1
995
-2.4
5
CO
UN
TY
:
Hon
olul
u10
.16.
4-4
.59
6.0
-1.1
4
Haw
ai`i
9.2
9.0
-0.2
97.
4-3
.87
Kau
a`i
11.6
4.2
-10.
072.
4-1
1.55
Mau
i10
.65.
3-6
.87
3.2
-10.
28
ET
HN
ICIT
Y:
Cau
casi
an12
.04.
8-9
.24
4.5
-0.8
9
Japa
nese
6.8
7.5
0.94
3.5
-14.
90
Haw
aiia
n9.
68.
3-1
.40
6.0
-6.5
9
Filip
ino
11.9
3.6
-12.
035.
37.
71
Chi
nese
8.7
3.9
-8.0
86.
811
.22
Afr
ican
-Am
eric
an11
.611
.4-0
.20
4.9
-16.
78
Paci
fic
Isla
nder
16.6
5.1
-11.
749.
712
.83
Oth
er7.
56.
9-0
.77
11.7
10.5
3
Mal
e9.
97.
3-3
.00
6.6
-2.2
8
Fem
ale
10.2
5.5
-6.1
04.
8-2
.65
GE
ND
ER
DIF
FE
RE
NC
ES
IN IN
FA
NT
MO
RT
ALI
TY
1997
Haw
ai'i
Kid
s C
ount
Dat
a B
ook
47
Rec
ent
Tre
nd
sam
e
The
impr
ovem
ent i
n
mor
talit
y ha
s be
en m
ore
cons
tant
for
fem
ales
and
the
gap
is g
row
ing.
Sin
ce
1980
, thi
s ra
te h
as d
e-
clin
ed b
y 33
% f
or m
ales
and
53%
for
fem
ales
.
IMP
OR
TA
NC
E O
F
IND
ICA
TO
R:
Ade
quat
e im
mun
izat
ion
prot
ects
child
ren
agai
nst s
ever
al d
isea
ses
that
kill
ed o
r di
sabl
e m
any
child
ren
in p
ast d
ecad
es. R
ates
of
child
hood
imm
uniz
atio
n ar
e on
e m
easu
re o
f
the
exte
nt to
whi
ch c
hild
ren
are
prot
ecte
d fr
om s
erio
us p
reve
ntab
le
illne
sses
.
FU
LLY
IMM
UN
IZE
D T
WO
-YE
AR
-OLD
S
ST
OR
Y T
OLD
BY
TH
E D
AT
A:
Ver
y m
odes
t im
prov
emen
t in
the
stat
ewid
eim
mun
izat
ion
rate
is
note
d. A
s no
info
rmat
ion
is a
vaila
ble
rega
rdin
g th
e co
untie
s or
eth
nic
grou
ps, i
t is
not k
now
n w
heth
er th
is
refl
ects
a g
ener
al tr
end
or m
asks
very
une
qual
rat
es a
nd tr
ends
.
GE
ND
ER
ED
IMP
AC
T:
No
Haw
aii d
ata
are
avai
labl
e to
indi
cate
whe
ther
imm
uniz
atio
n ra
tes
diff
er
for
mal
es a
nd f
emal
es.
43
PER
CE
NT
Ft x
.1.1
' IM
M C
NIZ
ED
BY
AG
E 2
1987
Stat
e67
.9
1992
60.8
Ann
ual R
ate
of C
hang
e19
87-1
992
-2.2
1
Ann
ual R
ate
of C
hang
e19
9519
92-1
995
63.2
0.31
Rec
ent
Tre
nd
PHN
Sur
veys
at C
linic
s19
9319
95%
Cha
nge
Tre
nd
Hon
olul
u44
42-4
.55
Haw
ai`i
6376
20.6
3K
aua`
i24
6015
0.00
Mau
i25
8122
4.00
Pnc
iop,
-:y
cour
tesy
of T
ami D
awso
n/P
hoto
Res
ourc
e H
awai
i
1997
Haw
ai'i
Kid
s C
ount
Dat
a B
ook
49
CH
ILD
RE
N A
T-R
ISK
FO
R D
EV
ELO
PM
EN
TA
LP
RO
BLE
MS
IMP
OR
TA
NC
E O
F
IND
ICA
TO
R:
Nat
iona
l stu
dies
hav
e es
timat
ed th
at
25%
of
child
ren
betw
een
birt
h an
d
age
3 ar
e af
fect
ed b
y a
fact
or th
at
coul
d hi
nder
thei
r de
velo
pmen
t: a
deve
lopm
enta
l del
ay(c
ogni
tion,
spee
ch, l
angu
age,
hea
lth, m
otor
skill
s, v
isio
n, h
eari
ng, e
tc.)
; a b
io-
logi
cal r
isk
(men
tal o
r ph
ysic
al c
on-
ditio
n th
at h
as a
hig
h pr
obab
ility
of
resu
lting
in a
dev
elop
men
tal d
elay
);
and/
or e
nvir
onm
enta
l ris
k (l
ivin
g in
soci
o-ec
onom
ic c
ondi
tions
that
are
know
n to
hav
e a
nega
tive
effe
ct o
n
deve
lopm
ent)
. Ear
ly id
entif
icat
ion
and
prov
isio
n of
ser
vice
s m
ay a
me-
liora
te m
any
of th
ese
cond
ition
s.
ST
OR
Y T
OLD
BY
TH
E D
AT
A:
The
re h
as b
een
an in
crea
se in
the
rate
of
iden
tific
atio
n of
chi
ldre
n w
ith
prob
lem
s th
at m
ay a
dver
sely
aff
ect
thei
r de
velo
pmen
t. In
form
atio
n is
not a
vaila
ble
for
the
coun
ties
or f
or
othe
r su
b-po
pula
tions
.
GE
ND
ER
ED
IMP
AC
T:
No
data
are
ava
ilabl
e to
kno
w th
e di
ffer
ence
s by
gen
der.
00
PER
CE
NT
iDE
\TIF
IED
AS
'AT
-RIS
K. F
OR
DE
N E
LO
PME
NT
AL
DE
LA
Y
1980
Stat
e
TR
EN
DS
IN R
ISK
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000 500 0
4.1
111
Bio
logi
cally
At-
Ris
k
Ill E
nvir
onm
enta
lly A
t-R
isk
Ann
ual R
ate
of C
hang
eA
nnua
l Rat
e of
Cha
nge
1990
1980
-199
019
9519
90-1
995
5.6
15.7
66.
910
.43
1993
1994
1995
The
incr
ease
in c
hild
ren
iden
tifie
d an
d se
rved
in 1
'19
rit
av r
efle
cted
rat
her
even
ly in
bot
h
risk
cat
egor
ies.
Pho
togr
aphy
cou
rtes
y a-
1997
Haw
ai'i
Kid
s C
ount
Dat
a B
ook
p,/P
hoto
Res
ourc
e H
awai
i
Rec
ent
Tre
nd
The
pro
port
ion
of c
hil-
dren
iden
tifie
d as
env
i-
ronm
enta
lly a
t-ri
sk h
as
decl
ined
inth
ela
st
thre
e ye
ars.
Bot
h nu
m-
ber
and
prop
ortio
n of
thos
e at
-ris
k du
e to
bio
-
logi
cal f
acto
rsha
ve
incr
ease
d.
IMP
OR
TA
NC
E O
F
IND
ICA
TO
R:
Num
erou
s st
udie
s co
ntin
ue to
sho
w
that
ear
ly c
hild
hood
edu
catio
n is
ver
y
impo
rtan
t to
the
futu
re o
f ev
ery
child
.
Qua
lity
pres
choo
l exp
erie
nces
lead
to h
ighe
r ac
adem
ic a
chie
vem
ent,
scho
ol c
ompl
etio
n an
d ad
ult s
uc-
cess
es. T
his
is e
spec
ially
mar
ked
for
child
ren
from
fam
ilies
with
sev
erel
y
limite
d re
sour
ces
as it
pre
pare
s th
e
child
ren
to e
nter
sch
ool o
n a
mor
e
equa
l foo
ting
with
thei
r pe
ers.
PR
EP
AR
ING
FO
R S
CH
OO
L
ST
OR
Y T
OLD
BY
TH
E D
AT
A:
Con
side
rabl
eIm
prov
emen
tha
s
been
mad
e in
pro
mot
ing
acce
ss to
earl
y ed
ucat
ion
for
disa
dvan
tage
d
child
ren.
How
ever
, mos
t of
the
impr
ovem
ent w
as m
ade
in th
e ea
rly
1990
's, w
ith 1
995
enro
llmen
t act
u-
ally
slig
htly
bel
ow 1
994.
The
gre
at-
est i
ncre
ase
in o
ppor
tuni
ty h
as b
een
in H
awai
i Cou
nty;
the
leas
t im
prov
e-
men
t has
bee
n in
Kau
al.
GE
ND
ER
ED
IMP
AC
T:
No
info
rmat
ion
was
ava
ilabl
e by
gen
der
on e
nrol
lmen
t or
on p
over
ty s
tatu
s,
alth
ough
ther
e is
littl
e re
ason
to s
uspe
ct th
at th
e op
port
unity
wou
ld b
e
grea
ter
for
eith
er b
oys
or g
irls
.
52
PF.
It (
IL N
rS
(I
SI)
I
of: P
0 V
I'.
It 'I
s0
v. A
R-O
tns
I:P
IISC
II0o
1IN
Stat
e
Ann
ual R
ate
of C
hang
e19
8019
9019
90-1
994
1995
n.a.
41.8
n.a.
69.5
Ann
ual R
ate
ofC
hang
e19
90-9
5
10.1
5
Co
ti N
Ty:
(tur
a/ p
artic
ipat
ion
of f
ur-y
ear-
olds
, dis
rega
rdin
g po
vert
y st
ains
)
Hon
olul
u94
114
1450
.27
Haw
ai`i
170
425
150.
00K
aua`
i11
311
62.
65M
aui
211
295
39.8
1
Pho
togr
ap. ;
cou
rtes
y of
Tam
i Daw
son/
Pho
to R
esou
rce
Haw
aii
1997
Haw
ai'i
Kid
s C
ount
Dat
a B
ook
Rec
ent
Tre
nd
53
CH
ILD
AB
US
E A
ND
NE
GLE
CT
IMP
OR
TA
NC
E O
F
IND
ICA
TO
R:
Eac
h de
velo
pmen
tal p
erio
d pr
ovid
es
new
con
flic
ts f
or th
e m
altr
eatin
g
fam
ily. B
irth
and
ear
ly b
ondi
ng m
ay
be c
ompl
icat
ed b
y th
e em
otio
nal
imm
atur
ity o
f th
e pa
rent
s an
d po
or
pers
onal
rel
atio
nshi
ps o
f th
e m
oth-
er. I
nade
quat
e bo
ndin
g le
aves
the
child
at r
isk
for
abus
e.
Ver
y yo
ung
child
ren
who
are
abus
ed o
r ne
glec
ted
ofte
n de
mon
-
stra
te p
oor
mot
or c
ontr
ol, a
lack
of
soci
al r
espo
nsib
lene
ss, s
low
lan-
guag
e de
velo
pmen
t, an
d a
gene
ral
mis
trus
t of
the
envi
ronm
ent.
The
ir
frag
ility
pla
ces
them
at h
igh
risk
of
seri
ous
inju
ry, p
erm
anen
t dis
abili
ty,
and
deat
h.
ST
OR
Y T
OLD
BY
TH
E D
AT
A:
The
chi
ld a
buse
and
neg
lect
rat
e in
1995
was
less
than
in 1
990,
the
year
sof
com
pari
son
show
n.
How
ever
, the
199
5 ra
te w
as s
light
ly
high
er th
an in
199
4 or
199
3.
GE
ND
ER
ED
IMP
AC
T:
Dat
a ar
e no
t ava
ilabl
e to
det
erm
ine
the
diff
eren
t ris
ks f
or b
oys
and
for
girl
s
in th
is a
ge c
ateg
ory.
RT
PIP
wA
GE
5)
RA
TE
01;
CH
ILD
AB
USE
AN
D N
EG
LE
CT
, AG
ES
0 -5
(per
1 ,0
00 c
hild
ren
.of
tbis
Stat
e
1980
1990
4.3
10.3
Ann
ual R
ate
of C
hang
e19
80-1
990
8.81
1995 9.1
AG
E-S
PEC
IFIC
RA
TE
S:
<1
year
4.8
30.1
18.3
217
.1
1 ye
ar4.
05.
93.
877.
7
2 ye
ars
4.0
10.4
9.53
6.8
3 ye
ars
3.7
5.6
4.10
7.4
4 ye
ars
3.5
7.6
7.84
6.7
5 ye
ars
5.8
4.2
-3.0
69.
5
Ann
ual R
ate
of C
hang
eR
ecen
t19
90-1
995
Tre
nd
RA
TE
S O
F C
HIL
D A
BU
SE
AM
ON
G T
HE
YO
UN
GE
ST
20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 019
9319
9419
95
1997
Haw
ai'i
Kid
s C
ount
Dat
a B
ook
-2.5
7
Chi
ldre
n ar
e at
twic
e th
e ri
sk o
f
child
abu
se b
efor
e th
ey r
each
thei
r fi
rst b
irth
day
Dec
lines
in
abus
e fo
r th
e yo
unge
st, m
ost
frag
ile c
hild
ren
are
note
d fo
r al
l
but o
ne-y
ear
olds
.
The
prim
ary
find
ing
[of
the
Car
negi
e C
ounc
il on
Ado
lesc
ent D
evel
opm
ent]
was
that
youn
gpe
ople
(es
peci
ally
10-
to 1
4-ye
ar-o
lds)
are
bein
g gi
ven
incr
ease
dau
tono
my
at p
reci
sely
the
age
whe
n th
ey m
ost n
eed
adul
t
supp
ort
and
guid
ance
.
a
EA
RLY
SC
HO
OL
YE
AR
S
Thi
s is
the
leas
t stu
died
per
iod
of h
uman
life
, exc
ept f
or r
esea
rch
into
edu
catio
nal
proc
esse
s. W
hat d
o w
e kn
ow a
bout
the
kids
bet
wee
n th
e ag
es o
f6 a
nd 1
2? S
o m
uch
is c
hang
ing
and
espe
cial
ly r
apid
ly a
t the
late
r pa
rt o
f th
is a
ge r
ange
that
it is
diff
icul
t to
mak
e ge
nera
lizat
ions
.
Thi
s is
a c
ritic
al d
evel
opm
enta
l sta
ge th
at in
volv
es:
prep
arat
ion
to e
nter
adu
lt w
orld
; im
port
ant h
ealth
issu
es; s
olid
ifyi
ng s
elf
este
em;
deve
lopm
ent o
f fr
iend
ship
s an
d a
peri
od o
f op
enne
ss to
oth
ers;
mor
al d
evel
opm
ent;
and
cont
inue
d m
atur
atio
n of
mot
or s
kills
.
At t
his
age,
kid
s be
gin
to th
ink
logi
cally
and
app
ly r
ules
sys
tem
atic
ally
to o
btai
n ne
w
info
rmat
ion.
Pro
blem
sol
ving
is g
ener
ally
lim
ited
to th
e co
nsid
erat
ion
of a
ctua
l pro
pert
ies
of o
bjec
ts.
How
do
child
ren
betw
een
6 an
d 12
see
them
selv
es a
s co
mpa
red
to th
e ex
pect
atio
nsof
scho
ol, f
amily
, com
mun
ity a
nd p
eers
? B
ecau
se c
hild
ren
have
shi
fted
to a
new
leve
l of
cogn
itive
deve
lopm
ent a
nd a
re m
ore
soci
ally
and
pol
itica
lly a
war
e of
them
selv
es, t
hey
inte
rpre
t sou
rces
of
info
rmat
ion
peer
s, te
levi
sion
, vid
eo g
ames
, spo
rt c
oach
es, t
each
ers
and
so f
orth
diff
eren
tly.
Scho
ol-a
ge c
hild
ren
begi
n to
und
erst
and
how
they
fit
into
the
larg
er s
ocie
ty a
nd h
ow th
e vi
ews
and
mor
es o
f th
at s
ocie
ty im
pact
wha
t the
y do
. Eve
nts
such
as
pers
onal
fai
lure
, pre
judi
ce,
inju
stic
e an
d re
ject
ion
will
pro
babl
y en
ter
thei
r liv
es.
Chi
ldre
n gr
ow r
apid
ly in
all
area
s du
ring
thes
e ye
ars.
Phy
sica
lly, n
ew c
oord
inat
ion
skill
s,
stam
ina
and
stre
ngth
allo
w th
em to
pla
y an
d en
joy
both
indi
vidu
al s
port
s (t
enni
s, g
ymna
stic
s,
swim
min
g) a
nd te
am s
port
s (s
occe
r, b
aseb
all,
hock
ey).
Bot
h bo
ys a
nd g
irls
are
mor
e in
tere
sted
in c
ompe
titio
n be
caus
e th
ey c
an u
nder
stan
d ga
me
rule
s an
d ca
n fo
cus
on d
evel
opin
g ne
w s
kills
.
It is
ext
rem
ely
impo
rtan
t for
sch
ool-
age
child
ren
to b
e ac
tive
and
to d
evel
op a
life
styl
e th
at w
ill
enco
urag
e th
em to
rem
ain
activ
e th
roug
hout
thei
r liv
es. P
hysi
cal a
ctiv
ity is
one
key
to a
sen
se o
f
heal
th a
nd g
ener
al w
ell-
bein
g.
Mid
dle
child
hood
is a
tim
e of
ste
ady
grow
th in
all
deve
lopm
enta
l are
as. C
hild
ren
who
hav
e
conf
iden
ce in
them
selv
es a
nd in
thei
r in
tera
ctio
ns a
t hom
e us
ually
per
form
wel
l in
scho
ol a
nd
com
mun
ity a
ctiv
ities
. How
ever
, out
side
infl
uenc
es s
uch
as te
levi
sion
, dru
gs a
nd v
iole
nce
wor
ry
both
par
ents
and
chi
ldre
n. C
hild
ren'
s go
als
in m
iddl
e ch
ildho
od a
re to
bol
ster
thei
r se
lf-c
once
pt;
to c
onfr
ont t
he s
ocia
l iss
ues
of a
ccep
tanc
e, r
ejec
tion,
fai
rnes
s an
d se
lf-d
isci
plin
e;an
d to
mee
t
acad
emic
and
phy
sica
l cha
lleng
es.
In th
e pa
st th
ree
deca
des,
som
e ha
ve b
egun
to p
ay a
ttent
ion
to th
e di
sapp
eara
nce
of
child
hood
fro
m th
e lif
e cy
cle.
In
toda
y's
soci
al c
limat
e, th
e em
phas
is a
ppea
rs to
foc
us o
n ba
bies
leav
ing
the
crib
to b
ecom
e m
inia
ture
adu
lts, s
imila
r to
the
view
s of
gen
erat
ions
of
Eur
opea
ns
prio
r to
the
sixt
eent
h ce
ntur
y. A
long
with
the
resu
rgen
ce o
f ch
ildre
n lo
okin
g an
d ac
ting
as a
dults
at a
you
nger
age
com
es s
ocie
ty's
pus
h to
acc
ept a
nd e
ven
prom
ote
mor
e so
phis
ticat
ed b
ehav
ior
at
an e
arlie
r ag
e. C
augh
t in
this
fru
stra
ting
age
of d
evel
opm
ent,
toda
y's
child
ren
expe
rim
ent w
ith
beha
vior
s th
ough
t to
be a
dult-
like
with
littl
e ab
ility
to a
scer
tain
the
good
and
bad
of
such
beha
vior
.
Scho
ols,
too,
may
be
part
of
this
pus
h to
war
d ad
ulth
ood.
The
em
phas
is o
n m
easu
ring
stud
ents
' pro
gres
s ha
s le
ft li
ttle
time
for
deal
ing
with
chi
ldre
n's
spon
tane
ous
inte
rest
s an
d w
ith
area
s th
at c
anno
t be
mea
sure
d by
test
s. T
elev
isio
n po
rtra
ys a
dole
scen
ts a
s pr
ecoc
ious
,wis
e an
d
insi
ghtf
ul b
eyon
d th
eir
year
s. T
here
is d
ange
r in
this
mes
sage
as
youn
gste
rs b
ecom
e di
ssat
isfi
ed
with
them
selv
es, a
nd p
aren
ts a
nd a
dults
beg
in to
acc
ept s
uch
mat
ure
beha
vior
as
the
norm
. In
addi
tion,
tele
visi
on e
xpos
es k
ids
to a
ll th
e w
orld
's il
ls s
uch
as f
amin
e, w
ar, p
ollu
tion,
pol
itica
l
corr
uptio
n an
d un
rest
. Som
e ha
ve th
eori
zed
that
this
lack
of
secr
ets
betw
een
adul
ts a
nd c
hild
ren
enco
urag
es le
ss d
istin
ctio
n be
twee
n th
e tw
o ag
e gr
oups
.
The
cha
ngin
g fa
mily
uni
t, to
o, h
as b
een
inst
rum
enta
l in
effe
ctin
g ch
ange
in c
hild
hood
's r
ole
in s
ocie
ty. M
any
kids
are
for
ced
into
ear
ly in
depe
nden
ce, a
fac
t lar
gely
attr
ibut
able
to th
e
grow
ing
num
ber
of s
ingl
e-pa
rent
fam
ilies
, ste
p-fa
mili
es a
nd f
amili
es w
here
bot
h pa
rent
s w
ork.
Whi
le m
any
such
fam
ilies
fun
ctio
n pr
oduc
tivel
y, c
hild
ren
from
thes
e ho
mes
oft
en e
xper
ienc
e
frus
trat
ion.
Man
y ar
e al
one
for
long
per
iods
of
time.
Oft
en, t
he p
aren
ts a
re in
volv
ed w
ith
pers
onal
con
cern
s th
at r
ende
r th
em in
capa
ble
of d
ealin
g w
ith th
eir
child
ren'
s pr
oble
ms.
The
se c
an b
e ye
ars
of w
onde
r as
wel
l as
year
s of
ris
k, a
s po
inte
d ou
t in
the
rece
nt s
tudy
by
the
Car
negi
e C
ounc
il on
Ado
lesc
ent D
evel
opm
ent.
The
pri
mar
y fi
ndin
g w
as th
at y
oung
peo
ple
(esp
ecia
lly 1
0- to
14-
year
-old
s) a
re b
eing
giv
en in
crea
sed
auto
nom
y at
pre
cise
ly th
e ag
e w
hen
they
mos
t nee
d ad
ult s
uppo
rt a
nd g
uida
nce.
The
mos
t rec
ent e
mph
asis
on
the
impo
rtan
ce o
f
men
tori
ng c
an h
ave
only
pos
itive
eff
ects
in th
is p
erio
d of
gre
at c
hang
e an
d de
velo
pmen
t.
1997
Haw
ai'i
Kid
s C
ount
Dat
a B
ook
59
Ut
s
s"4
IMP
OR
TA
NC
E O
F
IND
ICA
TO
R:
The
chi
ld d
eath
rat
e is
a r
efle
ctio
n of
heal
th p
robl
ems,
exp
osur
e to
haz
-
ardo
us c
ondi
tions
, pre
vent
able
inju
ries
, and
chi
ld a
buse
and
neg
lect
.
An
impo
rtan
t way
to id
entif
y th
reat
s
to th
e he
alth
and
wel
l-be
ing
of c
hil-
dren
and
you
th is
to e
xam
ine
caus
es
of d
eath
. The
se v
ary
by a
ge g
roup
.
CH
ILD
DE
AT
HS
ST
OR
Y T
OLD
BY
TH
E D
AT
A:
Haw
aii h
as h
ad a
low
chi
ld d
eath
rate
com
pare
d to
oth
er s
tate
s an
d
that
rat
e ha
s co
ntin
ued
to d
rop.
Cau
tion
mus
t be
exer
cise
d in
exa
m-
inin
g ra
tes
for
the
coun
ties,
as
the
smal
l num
ber
of d
eath
s m
eans
that
wid
e va
riat
ion
in r
ates
is il
luso
ry.
GE
ND
ER
ED
IMP
AC
T:
Mos
t yea
rs in
the
last
dec
ade
or lo
nger
hav
e se
en s
igni
fica
ntly
few
er c
hild
deat
hs a
mon
g fe
mal
es th
an m
ales
, oft
en o
ne-h
alf
or o
ne-t
hird
as
man
y.
How
ever
, in
1995
ther
e w
ere
slig
htly
mor
e fe
mal
e ch
ild d
eath
s th
an m
ale.
Gen
eral
ly, d
eath
s fr
om il
lnes
s ha
ve b
een
roug
hly
the
sam
e be
twee
n gi
rls
and
boys
, whi
le b
oys
are
mor
e of
ten
invo
lved
in in
jury
dea
ths.
62
CH
ILD
DE
AT
H R
AT
E, A
GE
S1
i4(p
er 1
00.0
00 c
hild
ren)
Stat
e
1980
33.1
1990
24.3
Ann
ual R
ate
of C
hang
e19
80-1
990
-3.1
1
1995
22.4
Ann
ual R
ate
of C
hang
e19
90-1
995
-13.
17
Rec
ent
Tre
nd
CO
UN
TY
:
Hon
olul
un.
a.20
.4-4
.39
19.9
-13.
66
Haw
ai`i
n.a.
36.0
6.28
23.3
-18.
13S
Kau
a`i
n.a.
43.7
-2.2
08.
1-3
7.43
Mau
in.
a.28
.0-4
.22
25.9
-18.
54S
ET
HN
ICIT
Y: (
NL
INIR
ER
OF
DE
AT
HS)
1980
1990
1995
% o
f al
l chi
ld d
eath
s%
of
popu
latio
n
Cau
casi
an14
93
4.4%
Haw
aiia
n20
2026
58.7
%Ja
pane
se15
S5
13.2
%
Filip
ino
1011
511
.9%
Chi
nese
31
110
.9%
Paci
fic
Isla
nder
32
336
.0%
Afr
ican
-Am
eric
an1
12
28.2
%
PR
OP
OR
TIO
N
100 75 50 25 0
OF
CH
ILD
DE
AT
HS
OF
FIC
IALL
Y F
RO
M IN
JUR
IES
All
Cau
ses
Cau
sed
By
Inju
ry
1980
1990
1995
1997
Haw
ai'i
Kid
s C
ount
Dat
a B
ook
30%
18%
16%
18%
40/0
40/0
3%
sam
e
sam
e
In 1
980,
55%
of
all c
hild
deat
hsw
ere
offi
cial
ly
attr
ibut
ed to
inju
ries
; in
1995
the
perc
enta
ge w
as
26%
.H
owev
er, k
now
ing
the
caus
e of
dea
th in
chi
l-
dren
isno
t alw
ays
a
stra
ight
-for
war
d m
atte
r.
63
C 'W
RE
N O
F W
OR
KIN
G P
AR
EN
TS
IA
FT
ER
SC
HO
OL
PR
OG
RA
MS
IMP
OR
TA
NC
E O
F
IND
ICA
TO
R:
Chi
ldre
n, e
spec
ially
in e
lem
enta
ry
scho
ol, n
eed
supe
rvis
ion
and
guid
-
ance
, bot
h at
sch
ool a
nd in
the
hour
s ou
tsid
e sc
hool
. Haw
aii h
as a
high
per
cent
age
of c
hild
ren
with
both
par
ents
or
thei
r on
ly c
usto
dial
pare
nt in
the
labo
r fo
rce.
Thi
s pe
r-
cent
age
is h
ighe
r th
an m
ost s
tate
s
and
has
incr
ease
d in
rec
ent y
ears
.
Haw
aii h
as th
e on
ly s
tate
-wid
e sy
s-
tem
of
child
car
e fo
r el
emen
tary
stud
ents
and
its
fina
ncin
g is
a p
ub-
lic-p
riva
te p
artn
ersh
ip w
ith p
aren
ts.
Man
y ot
her
arra
ngem
ents
are
poss
ible
for
wor
king
fam
ilies
to
assu
re s
uper
visi
on o
f ch
ildre
n af
ter
scho
ol: p
aren
ts m
ay w
ork
diff
erin
g
hour
s an
d sh
are
the
resp
onsi
bilit
y;
gran
dpar
ents
or
othe
r ex
tend
ed
fam
ily m
embe
rs m
ay b
e ab
le to
help
; and
pri
vate
car
e ca
n be
arra
nged
. How
ever
, an
incr
ease
in
the
perc
ent o
f ch
ildre
n in
A+
is u
sed
here
as
an in
dica
tion
of c
onsi
sten
t,
licen
sed
care
for
chi
ldre
n af
ter
scho
ol h
ours
.
ST
OR
Y T
OLD
BY
TH
E D
AT
A:
Slig
htly
few
er c
hild
ren
elig
ible
for
the
A+
pro
gram
wer
e en
rolle
d.
How
ever
, the
enr
ollm
ent n
umbe
rs
have
incr
ease
d, o
ffse
t by
a la
rger
num
ber
of c
hild
ren
with
bot
h pa
r-
ents
or
thei
r on
ly p
aren
t wor
king
.
alE
ikM
riT
rIE
DIM
PA
CT
:
Dat
a ar
e no
t ava
ilabl
e fr
om th
e D
epar
tmen
t of
Edu
catio
n ab
out e
nrol
lmen
t
by g
ende
r. H
owev
er, s
tudi
es h
ave
show
n th
at a
fter
sch
ool a
ctiv
ities
by
chil-
dren
dif
fer,
with
gir
ls b
eing
mor
e lik
ely
to b
e ex
pect
ed to
do
hom
e ch
ores
and
boys
like
ly to
be
in s
elf
care
at a
n ea
rlie
r ag
e.
64
PE
RC
EN
T O
F W
OR
K F
OR
CE
. CH
ILD
RE
N IN
AF
TE
RS
CH
OO
L P
RO
CR
AN
1 (a
ges
5-10
)
Stat
e
CN
T
Hon
olul
uH
awai
`iK
aua`
iM
aui
Ann
ual R
ate
of C
hang
e19
8019
9019
80-1
990
n.a
43.3
Ann
ual R
ate
of C
hang
eR
ecen
t19
9519
90-1
995
Tre
nd
n.a.
41.3
-0.9
5
:
n.a.
42.1
n.a.
40.7
.n.
a.45
.9n.
a.37
.2
1997
Haw
ai'i
Kid
s C
ount
Dat
a B
ook
y C
Ojri
Jsy
To
m i
Daw
son/
Pho
to R
esou
rce
Haw
aii G
5
ME
NT
AL
HE
ALT
H IS
SU
ES
OF
CH
ILD
RE
N &
YO
UT
HB
y B
ever
ley
B. G
roga
n, B
ranc
h D
irec
tor,
Men
tal H
ealth
Ass
ocia
tion
in H
awai
i Cou
nty
BO
YS
AN
D G
IRLS
AR
E D
IFF
ER
EN
T.J
ust a
sk a
ny p
aren
t
who
has
at l
east
one
of
each
, and
they
will
tell
you
abou
t the
ir f
lirty
, cha
tty
todd
ler
daug
hter
and
the
sam
e-ag
e so
n w
ho p
oint
s fi
nger
s an
d sa
ys "
barn
!-
bam
!" b
ecau
se th
e pa
rent
doe
sn't
appr
ove
of to
y gu
ns.
Hea
lthy
emot
iona
l dev
elop
men
t, ho
wev
er, r
equi
res
sim
ilar
supp
orts
for
both
boy
s an
d gi
rls.
We
know
that
rel
iabl
e, r
espo
nsiv
e pa
rent
s an
d
care
take
rs a
re e
ssen
tial f
or c
hild
ren
to d
evel
op a
sen
se o
f sa
fety
, res
ilien
ce,
conf
iden
ce a
nd c
ompe
tenc
e.
We
also
kno
w (
but o
ften
den
y kn
owin
g) th
at k
ids
have
men
tal h
ealth
prob
lem
s. W
e kn
ow th
at m
any
emot
iona
l and
beh
avio
ral p
robl
ems
in
child
ren
are
gene
tic in
thei
r or
igin
, but
the
onse
t and
sev
erity
of
thos
e
prob
lem
s is
cle
arly
link
ed to
hou
seho
lds
with
hig
h le
vels
of
chao
s, s
tres
s,
viol
ence
, abu
se a
nd p
over
ty.
Wha
t is
not s
o cl
ear
is w
hy b
oys
are
diag
nose
d w
ith m
enta
l hea
lth
prob
lem
s at
a m
uch
grea
ter
rate
than
gir
ls. F
or in
stan
ce, f
ive
times
as
man
y
boys
as
girl
s ar
e di
agno
sed
with
atte
ntio
n de
fici
t/hyp
erac
tivity
dis
orde
r
(AD
HD
). I
n th
e fi
rst m
onth
s of
the
Big
Isl
and
Dem
onst
ratio
n Pr
ojec
t for
child
ren'
s m
enta
l hea
lth s
ervi
ces,
ove
r tw
ice
as m
any
boys
as
girl
s w
ere
regi
ster
ed w
ith a
wid
e ra
nge
of m
enta
l hea
lth p
robl
ems.
Eve
n ex
pert
s va
ry a
s to
the
appa
rent
"ge
nder
dif
fere
nce"
. Som
e ha
ve
argu
ed th
at b
oys
are
neur
olog
ical
ly m
ore
frag
ile th
an g
irls
, and
ther
efor
e,
mor
e su
scep
tible
to th
e ef
fect
s of
dis
orde
red
hous
ehol
ds a
nd f
amily
life.
Oth
ers
say
that
gir
ls a
re m
ore
likel
y to
be
depr
esse
d, w
ithdr
awn
and
isol
ated
less
trou
bles
ome
and
sim
ply
fall
thro
ugh
the
crac
ks b
ecau
se
they
don
't ca
ll so
muc
h at
tent
ion
to th
emse
lves
,
Wha
teve
r th
eir
gend
er, k
ids
in H
awai
'i ar
e at
gre
at r
isk.
Fed
eral
estim
ates
are
ther
e ar
e as
man
y as
30,
000
youn
gste
rs in
Haw
ai'i
with
diag
nosa
ble
men
tal h
ealth
pro
blem
s. T
he p
oten
tial c
ost t
o ou
r st
ate
in
mon
ey a
nd r
uine
d liv
esof
not
pro
vidi
ng s
ervi
ces
to th
ese
kids
is
astr
onom
ical
.
613
Pho
togr
aphy
com
e;, a
t Tar
n D
awso
n/P
hoto
Res
ourc
e H
awai
i
1997
Haw
ai'i
Kid
s C
ount
Dat
a B
ook
67
AC
AD
EM
IC P
RO
GR
ES
S IN
ELE
ME
NT
AR
Y Y
EA
RS
IMP
OR
TA
NC
E O
F
IND
ICA
TO
R:
One
pri
mar
y re
spon
sibi
lity
of c
hild
-
hood
is to
mas
ter
basi
c in
telle
ctua
l
skill
s.T
hese
pro
vide
a f
ound
atio
n
for
late
r le
arni
ng a
nd f
or s
ucce
ss in
the
adul
t wor
ld n
ot o
nly
in f
inan
cial
term
s, b
ut in
term
s of
con
trib
utio
n
to s
ocie
ty a
nd p
erso
nal s
atis
fact
ion.
Thi
s in
dica
tor
look
s at
the
mea
sure
mos
t con
sist
ently
ava
ilabl
e:sc
ores
on th
e St
anfo
rd A
chie
vem
ent T
est
(S.A
.T.)
mat
h se
ctio
n fo
r th
ird
grad
ers
in th
e pu
blic
sch
ools
.
ST
OR
Y T
OLD
BY
TH
E D
AT
A:
Alth
ough
sco
res
for
1990
are
PER
cEN
T 0
f ill
I R
D G
RA
I)
ER
S SC
OR
ING
AV
I?R
AG
I, A
ND
AV
ER
AG
E I
N M
AT
H E
NI,
\ T I
CS
(St
lifor
d A
chie
vem
ent T
est)
A13
0 V
E
repo
rted
, the
199
5 sc
ores
are
bes
t
com
pare
d to
thos
e of
199
2 w
hen
a
new
edi
tion
of th
e te
st w
as u
sed.
On
the
stat
ele
vel,
few
er th
ird
grad
ers
scor
ed a
vera
ge o
r ab
ove
aver
age
in 1
995
than
in 1
992.
Thi
s
is p
rim
arily
due
to a
sig
nifi
cant
dro
p
in H
awai
i Cou
nty,
alth
ough
Mau
i
also
exp
erie
nced
a s
light
dec
line.
GE
ND
ER
ED
IMP
AC
T:
Dat
a ar
e no
t ava
ilabl
e fr
om th
e D
epar
tmen
t of
Edu
catio
n to
det
erm
ine
the
diff
eren
ces
in S
.A.T
. sco
res
for
boys
and
gir
ls.
How
ever
, on
the
Nat
iona
l
Ass
essm
ent o
f E
duca
tiona
l Pro
gres
s (a
pre
ferr
ed in
dica
tor
whe
n av
aila
ble)
,
boys
do
bette
r th
an g
irls
nat
iona
lly. T
hat s
ituat
ion
is r
ever
sed
in H
awai
i.
(Als
o, s
ee th
e in
trod
uctio
n to
the
Ado
lesc
ence
and
You
th s
ectio
n, p
. 38)
.
68
Perc
enta
ge o
f C
hang
eR
ecen
t19
9019
9219
9519
92-1
995
Tre
nd
Stat
e80
.181
.380
.8-0
.64
CO
UN
TY
:
Hon
olul
u80
.282
.182
.10.
03H
awai
`i74
.677
.972
.0-7
.59
Kau
a`i
81.4
78.1
78.7
0.75
Mau
i86
.382
.680
.8-0
.64
Kro
'cE
napn
y co
Jr-k
ly o
f Lau
rie B
reed
en
1997
Haw
ai'i
Kid
s C
ount
Dat
a B
ook
IMP
OR
TA
NC
E O
F
IND
ICA
TO
R:
The
re a
re a
t lea
st f
our
over
lapp
ing
grou
psof
chi
ldre
n w
ho h
ave
dem
onst
rabl
y sp
ecia
l edu
catio
nal
need
s:th
ose
with
dev
elop
men
tal
dela
ys o
r in
telle
ctua
l def
icit;
thos
e
who
se e
mot
iona
l pro
blem
s in
terf
ere
with
lear
ning
; tho
se f
rom
poo
r ec
o-
nom
ic o
r nu
triti
onal
cir
cum
stan
ces;
and
thos
e w
ith li
mite
d ab
ility
to
com
mun
icat
e in
Eng
lish,
the
lan-
guag
e of
inst
ruct
ion.
Oft
en, e
arly
heal
th p
robl
ems
and
high
leve
ls o
f
fam
ily s
tres
s co
mbi
ne w
ith a
fam
ily's
limite
d ec
onom
ic r
esou
rces
to
caus
e th
ese
lear
ning
dif
ficu
lties
.
Thi
s in
dica
tor
repo
rts
only
thos
e in
the
publ
ic s
choo
ls w
ith in
telle
ctua
l
CH
ILD
RE
N W
ITH
SP
EC
IAL
NE
ED
S
limita
tions
that
req
uire
spe
cial
pro
-
gram
s an
d su
ppor
t for
the
child
to
fulf
ill th
eir
educ
atio
nal p
oten
tial.
ST
OR
Y T
OLD
BY
TH
E D
AT
A:
The
num
ber
stud
ents
enr
olle
d in
spec
ial e
duca
tiona
l pro
gram
s ha
s
cont
inue
d to
incr
ease
. Whi
le lo
gic
wou
ld in
dica
te th
at f
ewer
stu
dent
s is
the
'impr
ovem
ent'
soug
ht,
this
repo
rt w
ill h
ighl
ight
an
incr
ease
in
serv
ices
pro
vide
d as
the
desi
rabl
e
stat
e.N
atio
nal s
tudi
es h
ave
dete
r-
min
ed th
at n
earl
y 12
per
cent
of
stu-
dent
s sh
ould
be
iden
tifie
d fo
r se
r-
vice
s, s
o pr
ogre
ss c
an b
e m
easu
red
4%
tow
ard
that
goa
l.
P F
I ; (
;\ T
o r
P t
ui.ic
S t
:11
0 0
1 , E
a [ \
T \
R )
ST
I\ T
sI
\S
Ec
\i.E
DI c
\II(
) \
1980
Ann
ual R
ate
of C
hang
e19
9019
80-9
0
Ann
ual R
ate
of C
hang
e19
9519
90-9
5
Stat
e4.
54.
4-0
.19
5.6
4.82
Col
.\ f
1:
Hon
olul
uH
awai
`iK
aua`
iM
aui
LIM
ITE
D E
NG
LIS
N P
RO
FIC
IEN
CY
8% (5%
GE
ND
ER
ED
IMP
AC
T:
The
Dep
artm
ent o
f E
duca
tion
does
not
pro
vide
this
info
rmat
ion
sepa
rate
ly
for
boys
and
for
gir
ls.
70
2% 0%
1993
1995
5.7
5.5
5.3
5.7
6.7
7.9
4.8
4.6
% C
hang
e
Rec
ent
Tre
nd
Tre
nd
3.5
7.5
17.9 4.2
Stat
eH
onol
ulu
Haw
aii
Kau
aiM
aui
1997
Haw
ai'i
Kid
s C
ount
Dat
a B
ook
tl
Stud
ents
iden
tifie
d w
ith
limite
d ab
ility
to u
nder
-
stan
d an
d co
mm
unic
ate
inE
nglis
h m
ay h
ave
grea
ter
diff
icul
ty w
ith a
ll
scho
ol s
ubje
cts
and
are
at
risk
of
scho
ol f
ailu
re
with
out a
ssis
tanc
e. T
his
char
t ind
icat
es th
e pe
r-
cent
of
elem
enta
ry s
tude
nts
bene
fitin
g fr
om ta
rget
ed
help
.
OT
HE
R E
DU
CA
TIO
NA
L M
EA
SU
RE
S IN
ELE
ME
NT
AR
YY
EA
RS
IMP
OR
TA
NC
E O
F
IND
ICA
TO
R:
As
acad
emic
ach
ieve
men
t is
a m
ea-
sure
of
inte
llect
ual g
row
th, o
ther
mea
sure
s ca
n sp
eak
to c
hara
cter
deve
lopm
ent,
fam
ily s
tabi
lity
and
supp
ort,
and
resp
onsi
bilit
y in
bei
ng
pres
ent f
or in
stru
ctio
n. R
ecor
ds o
f
disc
iplin
ary
actio
n, w
hich
hav
e be
en
incl
uded
in p
revi
ous
data
book
s,
wer
e no
t suf
fici
ently
ava
ilabl
e to
be
incl
uded
this
yea
r.
ST
OR
Y T
OLD
BY
TH
E D
AT
A:
Oah
u ha
s th
e be
st a
ttend
ance
, but
the
low
est p
erce
ntag
e of
stu
dent
s
com
plet
ing
the
scho
ol y
ear
in o
ne
scho
ol. H
awai
i Cou
nty
has
a m
uch
high
erpe
rcen
tage
ofch
ildre
n
rece
ivin
g fr
ee o
r re
duce
d pr
ice
mea
ls a
t sch
ool.
GE
ND
ER
ED
IMP
AC
T:
Dat
a w
ere
not a
vaila
ble
from
the
Dep
artm
ent o
f E
duca
tion
to lo
ok a
t dif
fer-
ence
s be
twee
n bo
ys a
nd g
irls
on
thes
e m
easu
res.
72
i
1995
Ave
rage
Dai
ly A
ttend
ance
1995
Per
cent
Rec
eivi
ng F
ree/
Red
uced
Pri
ceL
unch
Stat
e94
.2%
Stat
e42
.4%
Cou
nty:
Cou
nty:
Hon
olul
u94
.5%
Hon
olul
u39
8%
Haw
ai`i
93.2
%H
awai
`i56
.0%
Kau
a`i
93.9
%K
aua`
i40
.2%
Mau
i93
.2%
Mau
i40
5%
1995
Per
cent
Com
plet
ing
Yea
r in
Sam
e Sc
hool
Stat
e85
.8%
Cou
nty:
Hon
olul
u83
5%
Haw
aii
90.2
%
Kau
a`i
92.9
%
Mau
i91
.9%
1997
Haw
ai'i
Kid
s C
ount
Dat
a B
ook
IMP
OR
TA
NC
E O
F
IND
ICA
TO
R:
Abu
sed
child
ren
in th
is a
ge g
roup
ofte
n ha
ve d
iffi
culty
rel
atin
g to
pee
rs
and
are
unab
le to
mak
e th
e tr
ansi
-
tion
to s
truc
ture
d le
arni
ng in
the
clas
sroo
m. S
choo
l pro
blem
s an
d
beha
vior
pro
blem
s ar
e pr
obab
ly
part
of
the
child
's li
fe. P
read
oles
-
cenc
e is
a c
omm
on a
ge f
or s
exua
l
abus
e to
com
men
ce.
Chi
ld a
buse
and
neg
lect
occ
urs
in e
very
nei
ghbo
rhoo
d an
d ev
ery
ethn
ic,
relig
ious
, and
eco
nom
ic
grou
p. R
esea
rch
show
s it
is le
ss
likel
y to
occ
ur to
hea
lthy,
attr
activ
e
child
ren
and
in f
amili
es w
ith s
avin
gs
in th
e ba
nk. F
amili
es f
acin
g fe
w
stre
ssfu
l eve
nts
and
havi
ng g
ood
soci
al s
uppo
rts
(inc
ludi
ng r
elig
ious
affi
liatio
n) a
re g
ener
ally
saf
er f
or
child
ren.
ST
OR
Y T
OLD
BY
TH
E D
AT
A:
The
rat
e of
con
firm
ed c
hild
abu
se
and
negl
ect h
as c
hang
ed li
ttle
in th
e
past
thre
e ye
ars,
alth
ough
the
num
-
ber
of c
ases
rep
orte
d ha
s in
crea
sed.
In 1
990,
56%
of
all r
epor
ts m
et th
e
lega
l req
uire
men
ts f
or b
eing
'con
-
firm
ed';
in 1
995,
onl
y 46
% o
f ca
ses
reac
hed
this
leve
l.
Acc
ordi
ng to
the
mos
t rec
ent d
ata
avai
labl
e, 4
5% o
f th
e ch
ildre
nco
nfir
med
vict
ims
of c
hild
abu
se a
nd n
egle
ct w
ere
mal
es, 5
5% w
ere
fem
ales
. Alth
ough
gend
er in
form
atio
n is
not
ava
ilabl
e fo
r th
e se
para
te a
ge g
roup
s,ad
oles
cent
fem
ales
are
kno
wn
to h
ave
muc
h hi
gher
rat
es o
f ab
use,
oft
en s
exua
l abu
se.
4
RA
TE
OF
CH
ILI)
AB
USE
\D N
EG
LE
CT
, AG
ES
6-11
(per
LO
W c
hild
ren
(1/ t
his
age)
Ann
ual R
ate
of C
hang
eA
nnua
l Rat
e of
Cha
nge
Rec
ent
1980
1990
1980
-199
019
9519
90-1
995
Tre
nd
Stat
e3.
24.
98.
816.
86.
93
RA
TE
OF
CH
ILD
Mil
SE,v
NI
NE
GL
EC
T A
GE
S 0-
17(p
er 1
00.0
00 c
hild
ren
of th
is a
ge)
Stat
e
1980 3.6
1990
8.1
Ann
ual R
ate
of C
hang
e19
80-1
990
8.10
1995 7.6
Ann
ual R
ate
of C
hang
e19
90-1
995
-1.3
9
CO
UN
TY
:
Hon
olul
u3.
67.
26.
936.
0-3
.43
Haw
ai`i
2.8
4.5
4.82
13.1
21.4
2
Kau
a`i
5.3
14.8
10.2
59.
8-8
.16
Mau
i2.
66.
49.
1211
.211
.09
ET
HN
ICIT
Y:
Cau
casi
an3.
14.
74.
103.
3-7
.21
Japa
nese
0.5
0.5
-0.4
00.
4-5
.36
Haw
aiia
n4.
913
.29.
9113
.81.
00
Filip
ino
1.5
3.0
6.73
2.9
-.80
Chi
nese
1.4
0.8
-5.2
80.
91.
86
Afr
ican
-Am
eric
an4.
49.
47.
603.
9-1
7.27
Paci
fic
Isla
nder
n.a.
9.8
n.a.
8.14
-3.7
7
Oth
ern.
a.31
.5n.
a.31
.68
0.08
Fem
ale
3.9
9.3
8.72
8.5
-1.7
1
Mal
e3.
17.
08.
136.
7-1
.11
1997
Haw
ai'i
Kid
s C
ount
Dat
a B
ook
Rec
ent
Tre
nd 0 0
Thi
s is
acr
itica
l tim
e fo
r yo
uth
inm
any
way
s, a
sth
ey u
nder
go a
ser
ies
of s
igni
fica
nt b
iolo
gica
l, pe
rson
al,
and
soci
al c
hang
es d
urin
g th
e
tran
sitio
n fr
om th
e el
emen
tary
to th
e
high
sch
ool y
ears
.
YO
UT
H &
AD
OLE
SC
EN
CE
Ter
esa
Ara
mbu
la-G
reen
fiel
d, P
h.D
., A
ssoc
iate
Pro
fess
or, W
omen
's S
tudi
es/C
urri
culu
m a
nd I
nstr
uctio
n, U
HM
his
is a
cri
tical
tim
e fo
r yo
uth
in m
any
way
s, a
s th
ey u
nder
go a
ser
ies
of s
igni
fica
nt
biol
ogic
al, p
erso
nal,
and
soci
al c
hang
es d
urin
g th
e tr
ansi
tion
from
the
elem
enta
ry to
the
high
sch
ool y
ears
. One
asp
ect o
f th
ese
chan
ges
in p
artic
ular
has
rec
eive
d m
uch
med
ia a
ttent
ion
in th
e pa
st f
ew y
ears
. Thi
s is
the
pote
ntia
lly d
iffe
rent
way
s th
at g
irls
and
boy
s
can
both
app
roac
h an
d ex
peri
ence
som
e di
men
sion
s of
ado
lesc
ence
,par
ticul
arly
thos
e re
late
d
to s
choo
l. Fo
r in
stan
ce, a
lthou
gh a
dole
scen
ts in
gen
eral
can
exh
ibit
som
e dr
op in
acad
emic
self
-con
cept
dur
ing
thos
e cr
itica
l yea
rs, t
he d
eclin
e ca
n be
esp
ecia
lly m
arke
d fo
r gi
rls.
Gen
der-
rela
ted
disp
ariti
es a
re e
spec
ially
not
able
with
res
pect
to a
cade
mic
are
as
trad
ition
ally
con
side
red
to r
epre
sent
mor
e "m
ascu
line"
dis
cipl
ines
suc
h as
mat
hem
atic
s an
d
scie
nce.
Num
erou
s st
udie
s sh
ow th
at, b
efor
e ad
oles
cenc
e, g
irls
are
as
likel
y as
boy
s to
indi
cate
an
inte
rest
in s
cien
ce a
nd m
athe
mat
ics
and
to e
xpre
ss a
str
ong
self
-con
cept
with
resp
ect t
o ab
ility
to s
ucce
ed in
thos
e su
bjec
ts. C
oncu
rren
tly, t
heir
aca
dem
ic a
chie
vem
ent a
lso
para
llels
that
of
boys
on
natio
nally
nor
med
, sta
ndar
dize
d te
sts.
How
ever
, by
the
time
they
emer
ge f
rom
ado
lesc
ence
thei
r sc
ienc
e an
d m
ath
rela
ted
inte
rest
s an
d po
sitiv
eat
titud
es h
ave
decl
ined
dra
mat
ical
ly. T
his
has
trad
ition
ally
mea
nt th
at g
irls
cho
ose
to e
nrol
l in
few
er
adva
nced
sci
ence
and
mat
hem
atic
s cl
asse
s co
mpa
red
to b
oys
whi
ch c
an h
ave
long
-ran
ging
econ
omic
impl
icat
ions
for
them
as
it ca
n ef
fect
ivel
y lim
it th
eir
futu
re c
olle
ge a
nd c
aree
r
choi
ces
to lo
wer
-pay
ing
optio
ns. F
or e
xam
ple,
a r
ecen
t stu
dy f
ound
that
the
over
all w
age
diff
eren
tial f
avor
ing
men
(w
omen
cur
rent
ly e
arn
only
abo
ut 7
1 ce
nts
per
ever
y do
llar
earn
ed
by m
en)
is r
educ
ed o
r ev
en e
limin
ated
for
you
ng w
omen
who
hav
e ea
rned
eig
ht o
r m
ore
mat
hem
atic
s cr
edits
in c
olle
ge. T
hus,
cho
osin
g no
t to
take
mat
h or
sci
ence
in h
igh
scho
ol
and/
or c
olle
ge c
an h
ave
far-
reac
hing
impl
icat
ions
for
wom
en.
But
how
and
whe
n do
thes
e di
spar
ities
beg
in?
Stud
ies
have
sho
wn
that
dif
fere
nces
in th
e
way
s gi
rls
and
boys
are
per
ceiv
ed a
nd tr
eate
d be
gin
from
the
time
anin
divi
dual
's b
iolo
gica
l
sex
is k
now
n. G
ende
r ro
les
are
pres
crib
ed e
arly
in a
chi
ld's
life
begi
nnin
g w
ith p
ink
and
blue
blan
kets
, pro
gres
sing
thro
ugh
Bar
bie
dolls
and
che
mis
try
sets
and
, lat
er, h
ome
econ
omic
s an
d
elec
tric
al s
hop.
The
se d
iffe
renc
es in
pra
ctic
al e
xper
ienc
e ca
n ha
ve s
igni
fica
nt im
pact
s on
stud
ents
' sci
ence
par
ticip
atio
n. S
tudi
es h
ave
foun
d th
at b
oys
have
a g
reat
er r
eper
toir
e of
78
mec
hani
cally
or
tech
nolo
gica
lly r
elat
ed e
xper
ienc
es f
rom
whi
ch to
dra
w a
s th
ey a
ttem
pt to
sol
ve
new
pro
blem
s or
use
new
equ
ipm
ent i
n sc
ienc
e, p
artic
ular
ly d
urin
g la
bora
tory
cla
sses
.T
his
expe
rien
ce d
iscr
epan
cy m
eans
gir
ls a
re a
lrea
dy h
andi
capp
ed e
ven
as th
ey b
egin
sci
ence
cla
sses
.
Unf
ortu
nate
ly, d
iscr
epan
cies
are
mul
tiplie
d an
d m
agni
fied
dur
ing
the
adol
esce
nt s
choo
l
year
s by
fac
tors
with
in th
e sc
hool
itse
lf. F
or e
xam
ple,
eve
n re
cent
edi
tions
of
high
sch
ool
scie
nce
text
book
s ha
ve b
een
show
n to
exh
ibit
gend
er b
ias
in th
eir
focu
s on
mal
e sc
ient
ists
over
fem
ale
ones
, illu
stra
tions
of
mal
es e
ngag
ed in
act
ive
"sci
entif
ic"
ende
avor
s an
dfe
mal
es in
mor
e pa
ssiv
e or
dom
estic
one
s, m
ale-
cent
ered
voc
abul
ary,
etc
. The
sam
e is
true
for
scie
nce
com
pute
r so
ftw
are
and
even
cla
ss s
cien
ce b
ulle
tin b
oard
s. T
each
ers
them
selv
es u
nkno
win
gly
fost
er th
e ge
nder
gap
: boy
s m
ore
than
gir
ls a
re a
llow
ed to
cal
l out
ans
wer
s w
ithou
t rai
sing
thei
r ha
nds
and
to d
omin
ate
grou
p la
bora
tory
as
wel
l as
disc
ussi
on a
ctiv
ities
; and
boy
s ar
e
mor
e lik
ely
than
gir
ls to
be
aske
d hi
gher
-lev
el q
uest
ions
and
to r
ecei
ve c
ritic
alfe
edba
ck o
n
thei
r th
ough
ts. T
hus,
gir
ls a
nd b
oys
are
likel
y to
bot
h co
me
to s
cien
ce c
lass
and
leav
e it
with
diff
eren
t sci
ence
-lea
rnin
g ex
peri
ence
sw
hich
can
then
impa
ct o
n th
eir
inte
rest
and
will
ingn
ess
to e
nrol
l and
suc
ceed
in s
ubse
quen
t hig
her-
leve
l sci
ence
and
mat
hem
atic
s co
urse
s
or e
ven
care
ers.
Com
bine
d w
ith th
e se
xual
har
assm
ent r
epor
ted
insc
hool
hal
lway
s an
d
clas
sroo
ms
by s
o m
any
adol
esce
nt g
irls
, it i
s no
won
der
that
gir
ls' s
elf-
conc
epts
wou
ld te
nd to
decl
ine
mor
e dr
amat
ical
ly th
an th
ose
of b
oys
duri
ng th
ose
year
s.
As
muc
h of
the
gend
er g
ap is
rei
nfor
ced
by b
oth
hom
e an
d sc
hool
fac
tors
, the
yea
rs o
f
yout
h an
d ad
oles
cenc
e be
com
e ev
en m
ore
criti
cal w
ith r
espe
ct to
par
ents
' as
wel
l as
teac
hers
'
role
s in
edu
catio
n. A
lthou
gh g
irls
are
now
abo
ut a
s lik
ely
as b
oys
to s
tudy
adv
ance
d sc
ienc
e
and
mat
h in
hig
h sc
hool
, esp
ecia
lly in
Haw
aii,
the
othe
r di
scre
panc
ies
rem
ain
and
fem
ales
stil
l
are
not a
s lik
ely
to e
nter
col
lege
or
prof
essi
onal
car
eers
in th
ehi
gher
-pay
ing
tech
nica
l fie
lds.
As
the
natio
n m
oves
sim
ulta
neou
sly
tow
ards
the
need
for
a m
ore
tech
nolo
gica
llyab
le
wor
kfor
ce a
nd a
mor
e fe
min
ine
and
ethn
ical
ly d
iver
se o
ne, i
t bec
omes
eve
n m
ore
urge
nt th
at
hom
es a
nd s
choo
ls r
ecog
nize
and
add
ress
the
fact
ors
that
can
pot
entia
lly im
pede
the
educ
atio
nal a
nd p
rofe
ssio
nal p
rogr
ess
of h
alf
of th
e po
pula
tion.
To
be e
ffec
tive,
this
mus
t
begi
n at
leas
t dur
ing
the
year
s of
you
th a
nd a
dole
scen
ce.
1997
Haw
ai'i
Kid
s C
ount
Dat
a B
ook
7 9
J4
41*
0.
4'4'te 4.
-'-': ,,,-,,,&
.3.....,, .4.
. Al,We :4,.''' ; ay''A -A.
.......
`'.,
41.4,04(
^
a
a
AC
AD
EM
IC P
RO
GR
ES
S O
F IN
TE
RM
ED
IAT
ES
CH
OO
L S
TU
DE
NT
S
IMP
OR
TA
NC
E O
F
IND
ICA
TO
R:
Thi
s is
the
only
che
ck o
n ac
adem
ic
prog
ress
bet
wee
n el
emen
tary
sch
ool
and
grad
uatio
n us
ed in
this
rep
ort.
The
indi
cato
r lo
oks
at th
e m
easu
re
mos
t con
sist
ently
ava
ilabl
e: s
core
s
on th
e St
anfo
rd A
chie
vem
ent T
est
(S.A
.T.)
mat
h se
ctio
n fo
r ei
ghth
grad
ers
in th
e pu
blic
sch
ools
. Mat
h
was
cho
sen
here
bec
ause
Haw
aii h
as
man
y st
uden
ts f
or w
hom
Eng
lish
is
thei
r se
cond
lang
uage
and
mat
h
scor
es w
ere
felt
to b
e le
ss a
ffec
ted
by la
ngua
ge f
amili
arity
than
rea
ding
scor
es.
ST
OR
Y T
OLD
BY
TH
E D
AT
A:
Stan
dard
ized
test
sco
res
show
ed
decl
ines
in th
e pe
rcen
tage
s of
eig
hth
grad
ers
scor
ing
aver
age
or b
ette
r on
the
SAT
mat
h se
ctio
n fr
om 1
994
to
1995
in e
very
cou
nty
and
for
the
stat
e.
In f
act,
only
thre
e in
divi
dual
sch
ools
in th
e st
ate
show
ed g
ains
for
this
tim
e.
GE
ND
ER
ED
IM
PAC
T:
No
spec
ific
gen
der
diff
eren
ces
wer
e av
aila
ble
from
the
Dep
artm
ent o
f
Edu
catio
n. H
owev
er, o
ther
res
earc
hers
hav
e no
ted
diff
eren
ces
as d
escr
ibed
by D
r. A
ram
bula
-Gre
enfi
eld
in th
e in
trod
uctio
n to
this
sec
tion,
p. 3
8.
62
PER
CE
NT
OF
EIG
HT
GR
AD
ER
S SC
OR
I \G
AV
ER
AG
E O
RB
ET
FE
R O
N S
AT
Itaii
TE
ST
Stat
e
1993
75.0
1994
73.8
1995
69.8
% C
hane
1993
-95
-0.0
6
Rec
ent
Tre
nd
CO
UN
TY
:
Hon
olul
u71
.076
.171
.70.
01
Haw
ai`i
64.5
72.1
59.9
-0.0
7
Kau
a`i*
74.7
77.7
68.7
-0.0
8
Mau
i62
.570
.763
.20.
01
* in
clud
es s
ome
tent
h gr
ade
stud
ents
1997
Haw
ai'i
Kid
s C
ount
Dat
a B
ook
63
OT
HE
R E
DU
CA
TIO
NA
L M
EA
SU
RE
S IN
SE
CO
ND
AR
YS
CH
OO
L Y
EA
RS
IMP
OR
TA
NC
E O
F
IND
ICA
TO
R:
Stan
dard
ized
test
sco
res
are
one
mea
sure
for
ass
essi
ng th
e de
velo
p-
men
t of
our
yout
h. T
hese
test
sco
res
are
affe
cted
by
econ
omic
and
soc
ial
fact
ors
that
are
als
o m
easu
red
in
scho
ol. A
ttend
ance
aff
ects
aca
dem
ic
achi
evem
ent,
as d
oes
the
scho
ol c
li-
mat
e of
saf
ety.
Pov
erty
is k
now
n to
be r
elat
ed to
ach
ieve
men
t, pa
rtic
u-
larl
y th
roug
h ac
cess
to e
nric
hing
expe
rien
ces,
so
it is
hel
pful
to k
now
the
prop
ortio
n of
stu
dent
s fi
nanc
ial-
ly e
ligib
le f
or s
ubsi
dize
d m
eals
.
Mos
t stu
dent
s w
ho b
egin
thei
r
seni
or y
ear
will
gra
duat
e, b
ut th
e
type
of
dipl
oma
earn
ed is
an
indi
ca-
tion
of th
e ex
tent
of
lear
ning
. The
se
mea
sure
s ar
e kn
own
only
for
thos
e
who
atte
nd H
awai
Ts
publ
ic h
igh
scho
ols
(nea
rly
20%
atte
nd p
riva
te
high
sch
ools
).
ST
OR
Y T
OLD
BY
TH
E D
AT
A:
Atte
ndan
ce w
as im
prov
ed in
the
coun
ties
of H
awai
i, K
auai
, and
Mau
i.
In a
ll ot
her
mea
sure
s, in
clud
ing
atte
ndan
ce o
n O
ahu
and
the
stat
e
aver
age
atte
ndan
ce, d
eclin
ed. T
he
perc
ent
ofst
uden
tsre
ceiv
ing
free
/red
uced
pri
ce lu
nch
is a
goo
d
curr
ent i
ndic
atio
n of
pov
erty
tren
ds.
GE
ND
ER
ED
IMP
AC
T:
Dat
a ar
e no
t ava
ilabl
e fr
om th
e de
part
men
t of
Edu
catio
n re
gard
ing
gend
er
diff
eren
ces
in th
ese
mea
sure
s.
84
Ave
rage
Dai
ly A
ttend
ance
Perc
ent o
f St
uden
ts E
nrol
led
in L
imite
d E
nglis
hPr
ofic
ienc
y Pr
ogra
m
1990
1995
Perc
ent C
hang
e19
90-9
5R
ecen
tT
rend
1990
1993
Perc
ent C
hang
e19
90-9
5
Stat
e90
.890
.1-0
.77%
Stat
e4.
85.
424
.0%
Cou
nty:
Cou
nty:
Hon
olul
u91
.189
.6-1
.7%
Hon
olul
u 6.
16.
414
.3%
Haw
ai`i
88.4
88.8
0.5%
Haw
ai`i
2.3
3.4
50.0
%
Kau
a`i
91.0
96.8
6.4%
Kau
a`i
2.5
2.9
8.7%
Mau
i88
.490
.62.
5%M
aui
2.8
4.8
55.6
%
Perc
ent o
f Se
nior
s E
arni
ng a
Dip
lom
a (c
ours
ere
quir
emen
ts m
et, p
lus
pass
ing
Haw
ai`i
Sta
teT
est o
f E
ssen
tial C
ompe
tenc
ies)
1990
1995
Perc
ent C
hang
e19
90-9
5R
ecen
tT
rend
Stat
e92
.189
.4-2
.9%
Cou
nty:
Hon
olul
u91
.589
.1-2
.6%
Haw
ai`i
93.2
91.5
-1.8
%
Kau
a'i
93.8
89.4
-4.7
%
Mau
i93
.488
.8-4
.9%
1997
Haw
ai'i
Kid
s C
ount
Dat
a B
ook
Rec
ent
Tre
nd
mor
e
mor
e
mor
e
mor
e
mor
e
Perc
ent R
ecei
ving
Fre
e/R
educ
ed P
rice
Lun
ch
1990
1995
Perc
ent C
hang
e19
90-9
5
Stat
e16
.724
.144
.3%
Cou
nty:
Hon
olul
u11
.520
.780
.0%
Haw
ai`i
36.2
38.3
5.8%
Kau
a'i
12.5
19.5
56.0
%
Mau
i17
.422
.227
.6%
Rec
ent
Tre
nd
IMP
OR
TA
NC
E O
F
IND
ICA
TO
R:
No
sing
le f
acto
r ha
s be
en f
ound
to
have
gre
ater
infl
uenc
e on
the
wor
k
and
inco
me
of a
dults
than
gra
duat
ion
from
hig
h sc
hool
. Wor
k an
d in
com
e,
in tu
rn, a
re la
rgel
y re
spon
sibl
e fo
r
soci
al s
tand
ing
and
oppo
rtun
ities
.
The
impo
rtan
ce o
f a
high
sch
ool
dipl
oma
cann
ot b
e ov
er-s
tate
d fo
r
mos
t peo
ple.
How
ever
, the
impo
r-
tanc
e of
gra
duat
ing
from
hig
h sc
hool
with
in f
our
year
s of
ent
erin
g th
e ni
nth
grad
e ha
s no
t bee
n es
tabl
ishe
d. W
ith
Haw
aiT
s hi
gh m
igra
tion
rate
s, it
is
diff
icul
t to
plac
e gr
eat r
elia
nce
on a
ny
com
pari
son
of a
cla
ss a
t the
beg
in-
ning
and
end
of
a fo
ur y
ear
peri
od.
Dep
artm
ent o
f E
duca
tion
reco
rds
show
that
app
roxi
mat
ely
5 pe
rcen
t of
inte
rmed
iate
and
hig
h sc
hool
pub
lic
stud
ents
with
draw
and
are
ver
ifie
d as
ente
ring
oth
er s
choo
ls (
priv
ate
or
HIG
H S
CH
OO
L G
RA
DU
AT
ION
out-
of-s
tate
) ea
ch y
ear.
Ano
ther
2
perc
ent w
ithdr
aw, b
ut th
eir
dest
ina-
tion
is u
nver
ifie
d.
ST
OR
Y T
OLD
BY
TH
E D
AT
A:
The
Cur
rent
Pop
ulat
ion
Surv
ey c
on-
duct
ed b
y th
e B
urea
u of
Lab
or
Stat
istic
s re
port
s th
at, o
f H
awar
i's
yout
hs a
ges
16-1
9 w
ho h
ave
not
alre
ady
grad
uate
d, o
nly
5 pe
rcen
t are
not i
n sc
hool
. Onl
y th
ree
stat
es h
ave
a lo
wer
dro
p-ou
t rat
e th
an H
awai
i,0.
0
acco
rdin
g to
this
sur
vey.
How
ever
,
due
to th
e fl
uctu
atio
ns in
mig
ratio
n5.
0
and
the
num
ber
of s
tude
nts
earn
ing
a
GE
D, a
ver
y di
ffer
ent p
ictu
re is
gai
ned
by lo
okin
g at
'on-
time'
gra
duat
ions
.
Thi
s ra
te h
as d
ecre
ased
9.3
per
cent
in th
e la
st d
ecad
e. A
ll of
the
decr
ease
has
occu
rred
in th
e pu
blic
sch
ool
sect
or, a
s pr
ivat
e sc
hool
s ha
ve s
how
n
a sl
ight
incr
ease
in th
is m
easu
re.
PE
RC
EN
T O
F O
N-T
IME
HIG
H S
choo
l. G
RA
DU
AT
ES
Ann
ual R
ate
of C
hang
eA
nnua
l Rat
e of
Cha
nge
1990
-199
519
8519
9019
85-1
990
1995
Stat
e85
.079
.6-1
.31
77.1
CO
UN
T \'
:
Hon
olul
u82
.877
.5-1
.31
n.a.
Haw
ai`i
93.4
85.7
-1.7
2n.
a.
Kau
a`i
95.2
96.3
0.22
n.a.
Mau
i92
.081
.4-2
.45
n.a.
TR
EN
D IN
ON
-TIM
E G
RA
DU
AT
ION
BY
SC
HO
OL
TY
PE
GE
ND
ER
ED
IMP
AC
T:
Dat
a ar
e no
t ava
ilabl
e re
gard
ing
gend
er d
iffe
renc
es in
gra
duat
ion
rate
s.
66
0.0
5.0 0
II P
ublic
Priv
ate
1980
1985
1990
1995
1997
How
ai'i
Kid
s C
ount
Dat
a B
ook
67
Rec
ent
Tre
nd
Alth
ough
on-
time
grad
u-
atio
n ra
tes
wer
e ne
arly
equa
l in
1985
, by
1995
the
priv
ate
scho
ols
bad
impr
oved
by
8 pe
rcen
t,
whi
le th
e pu
blic
sch
ools
show
ed a
13
perc
ent
decl
ine.
IMP
OR
TA
NC
E O
F
IND
ICA
TO
R:
You
th w
ho a
re u
ncon
nect
ed to
any
prod
uctiv
e ac
tivity
are
not
mak
ing
a
suce
ssfu
l tra
nsiti
on to
res
pons
ible
adul
t rol
es. T
hese
you
th h
ave
clea
rly
not e
stab
lishe
d a
soun
d ba
se f
or e
co-
nom
ic s
elf-
suff
icie
ncy
and
may
be
at
risk
of
beco
min
g de
pend
ent o
n w
el-
fare
or
enga
ged
in il
lega
l act
iviti
es.
ST
OR
Y T
OLD
BY
TH
E D
AT
A:
The
pro
port
ion
of th
e ol
der
teen
popu
latio
n th
at is
not
eng
aged
in
GE
ND
ER
ED
IMP
AC
T:
Unk
now
n.
68
IDLE
TE
EN
S
activ
ities
exp
ecte
d fo
r th
eir
age
is
the
sam
e in
Haw
aii a
s in
the
natio
n
as a
who
le. W
hile
that
pro
port
ion
has
rem
aine
d fa
irly
sta
ble
duri
ng
this
dec
ade,
the
stat
e's
econ
omic
prob
lem
s w
ould
be
expe
cted
to
caus
e th
is to
ris
e. T
he d
iffe
renc
e
betw
een
thos
e 'n
ot w
orki
ng' a
nd
`not
in th
e la
bor
forc
e' r
efle
cts
the
yout
h un
empl
oym
ent r
ate
whe
n
one
is u
nem
ploy
ed b
ut lo
okin
g fo
r
wor
k, o
ne is
stil
l in
the
labo
r fo
rce.
PE
RcE
\T 1
6- T
o 19
-YE
AR
-OLD
s N
ot IN
Sch
ool,,
NO
T W
OR
KIN
G
Ann
ual R
ate
of C
hang
e19
8519
9019
85-1
990
1995
Ann
ual R
ate
of C
hang
e19
90-1
995
Stat
e11
10-1
.91
100.
00
Rec
ent
Tre
nd
sam
e
PE
RC
EN
T1
6-
To
1 9-
YE
A R
-OLD
s N
OT
IN S
choo
l,,N
oT IN
LA
BO
RF
OR
CE
Stat
e
1980
4.6
1990
5.0
Ann
ual R
ate
of C
hang
e19
80-1
990
0.83
1995
n.a.
CO
UN
TY
:
Hon
olul
uH
awai
`iK
aua`
iM
aui
4.8
6.3
5.7
6.4
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
1997
Haw
aii K
ids
Cou
nt D
ata
Boo
k
CS
JUV
EN
ILE
AR
RE
ST
S F
OR
VIO
LEN
TC
RIM
ES
IMP
OR
TA
NC
E O
F
IND
ICA
TO
R:
Mos
t ado
lesc
ent m
isbe
havi
or s
impl
y
repr
esen
ts th
e te
stin
g of
lim
its a
nd
adul
t res
olut
ion
in e
nfor
cing
thos
e
boun
dari
es,
or e
xper
imen
tatio
n
with
adu
lt ac
tiviti
es. S
ome
adol
es-
cent
s en
gage
in m
ore
seri
ous
acts
of
delin
quen
cy o
r cr
ime
that
may
bri
ng
them
to th
e at
tent
ion
of th
e ju
veni
le
or c
rim
inal
just
ice
syst
ems.
A f
ew
adol
esde
nts
com
mit
such
ser
ious
crim
inal
act
iviti
es th
at th
ere
are
life-
long
con
sequ
ence
s.
ST
OR
Y T
OLD
BY
TH
E D
AT
A:
The
rat
e at
whi
ch ju
veni
les
are
arre
st-
ed f
or s
erio
us c
rim
es h
as in
crea
sed
52%
in th
e pa
st d
ecad
e in
Haw
aii,
whi
le in
crea
sing
70%
in th
e na
tion
as
a w
hole
. In
addi
tion,
the
rate
in
Haw
aii c
ontin
ues
to b
e co
nsid
erab
ly
low
er th
an th
e na
tiona
l ave
rage
.
The
re a
re c
ount
y di
ffer
ence
s in
juve
nile
cri
me
rate
s. H
onol
ulu
has
a
mor
e se
riou
s pr
oble
m th
an a
ny o
f
the
neig
hbor
isla
nds.
Haw
aii
Cou
nty'
s ra
te h
as c
hang
ed li
ttle
sinc
e
1990
, whi
le K
auai
is th
e on
ly c
ount
y
to e
xper
ienc
e a
decr
ease
.
GE
ND
ER
ED
IMP
AC
T:
Fem
ales
juve
nile
s ha
ve a
ccou
nted
for
8%
to 1
4% o
f th
e ar
rest
s fo
r se
riou
s
crim
es in
rec
ent y
ears
, 10%
on
aver
age.
The
type
s of
cri
mes
dif
fer,
with
fem
ales
bei
ng a
rres
ted
for
12%
of
the
robb
erie
s an
d 10
% o
f th
e as
saul
ts, b
ut
none
of
the
hom
icid
es in
199
5. I
n le
ss s
erio
us c
rim
es,
the
invo
lvem
ent o
f
fem
ales
has
bee
n in
crea
sing
so
that
they
con
stitu
te 3
8% o
f th
e ju
veni
les
arre
sts.
The
onl
y ca
tego
ry in
whi
ch m
ore
fem
ales
than
mal
es a
re a
rres
ted
is
`run
away
'. T
his
is n
o do
ubt a
ref
lect
ion
of s
ocie
ty's
vie
w th
at y
oung
wom
en
mus
t be
prot
ecte
d an
d co
ntro
lled
to a
gre
ater
deg
ree
than
you
ng m
ales
.
SO
JLV
EN
ILE
VIO
LE
NT
CR
IME
AR
RE
ST R
AT
E(p
er 1
00.0
00 y
outh
s cl
ge 1
0-
I 7)
1980
1990
Ann
ual R
ate
of C
hang
e19
80-1
990
Ann
ual R
ate
of C
hang
eR
ecen
t19
9519
90-1
995
Tre
nd
Stat
e21
824
21.
0628
83.
43
CO
UN
TY
:
Hon
olul
uH
awai
`iK
aua`
i
Mau
i
232
167
188
160
249
205
243
229
0.70
2.07
2.55
3.59
319
174
172
255
0.05
3.71
0.45
-3.6
5
GE
ND
ER
:
Fem
ale
Mal
e
38 386
48 423
2.33
0.93
62 503
5.11
3.44
S
ET
HN
ICIT
Y: (
perc
ent o
f yo
uth
arre
sts
for
viol
ent c
rim
es) R
ecen
t19
8019
9019
9419
95%
of
yout
h po
pula
tion
Cau
casi
an8.
514
.112
.312
.530
.2
Japa
nese
3.3
3.5
3.4
1.4
15.8
Haw
aiia
n46
.732
.231
.632
.418
.4
Filip
ino
7.7
23.3
10.7
13.1
17.5
Chi
nese
0.4
1.1
1.5
0.0
3.8
Paci
fic
Isla
nder
12.9
13.8
16.0
19.6
3.5
Afr
ican
-Am
eric
an0.
41.
16.
43.
52.
9
Oth
er19
.99.
917
.517
.27.
9
1997
Haw
ai'i
Kid
s C
ount
Dat
a B
ook
91
Tre
nd
IMP
OR
TA
NC
E O
F
IND
ICA
TO
R:
Mos
t ado
lesc
ents
exp
erim
ent w
ith
alco
hol a
nd m
any
expe
rim
ent w
ith
som
e ty
pe o
f pr
escr
ition
or
illeg
al
drug
. Mor
eove
r, th
ere
is a
clo
se
asso
ciat
ion
betw
een
alco
hol a
buse
and
subs
tanc
e ab
use.
Whe
n ex
peri
-
men
tatio
n be
com
es a
buse
, the
re a
re
seri
ous
risk
s to
hea
lth, e
duca
tion
is
jeop
ardi
zed,
and
rel
atio
nshi
ps w
ith
fam
ily a
nd p
eers
may
be
disr
upte
d.
SU
BS
TA
NC
E U
SE
ST
OR
Y T
OLD
BY
TH
E D
AT
A:
The
nat
iona
l Yea
r 20
00 O
bjec
tives
is
to h
ave
no m
ore
than
28%
of
high
scho
ol s
enio
rs e
ngag
ing
in r
ecen
t
occa
sion
s of
hea
vy d
rink
ing
of a
lco-
holic
bev
erag
es. H
awai
i mee
ts th
at
obje
ctiv
e as
onl
y 25
% o
f 12
th g
rade
rs
inH
awai
ire
port
eddo
ing
so.
How
ever
, tha
t ave
rage
enc
ompa
sses
29%
of
seni
or m
ales
and
21%
of
seni
or f
emal
es. T
hese
num
bers
rep
-
rese
nt a
n in
crea
se o
ver
1993
dat
a fo
r
fem
ales
and
a 7
% d
ecre
ase
for
mal
es.
GE
ND
ER
ED
IMP
AC
T:
Am
ong
high
sch
ool s
tude
nts,
mor
e fe
mal
es (
77.0
%)
than
mal
es (
74.6
%)
have
trie
d al
coho
l at s
ome
time
duri
ng th
eir
life.
Thi
s di
ffer
ence
hel
d tr
ue
in th
e H
awai
i You
th R
isk
Beh
avio
r Su
rvey
for
eve
ry g
rade
exc
ept 1
2th.
Of
stud
ents
15
year
s ol
d or
less
, 37.
5% f
emal
es a
nd 3
5.3%
mal
es h
ad c
on-
sum
ed a
lcoh
ol in
the
mon
th ju
st p
rece
ding
the
surv
ey. F
or a
ll ot
her
cate
-
gori
es o
f al
coho
l use
and
age
or
grad
e co
mpa
riso
ns, m
ore
mal
es th
an
fem
ales
wer
e in
volv
ed.
rl
PE
RC
EN
T O
F H
IGH
SC
I100
1. S
riFV
US
IlA
viN
G5
oR M
OR
ED
RIN
KS
OF
ALC
OH
OL
IN A
Row
Stat
e
1993
22.7
1995
24.0
Perc
ent o
f C
hang
e19
93-9
S
5.7
GE
ND
R :
Fem
ale
Mal
e20
.924
.320
.227
.9-3
.314
.8
EX
PO
SU
RE
TO
PE
OP
LE W
HO
US
E A
LCO
HO
L, 1
996
40 30 20 10 0
III F
amily
Mem
bers
II F
riend
6th
Gra
de8t
h G
rade
10th
Gra
de12
th G
rade
1997
Haw
ai'i
Kid
s C
ount
Dat
a B
ook
Rec
ent
Tre
nd
A r
ecen
t stu
dy b
y th
eD
epar
tmen
tof
Hea
lth
Alc
ohol
and
Dru
g A
buse
Div
isio
n fo
und
that
chi
l-
dren
and
yout
har
e
incr
easi
ng e
xpos
ed to
fre
-
quen
t alc
ohol
use
rs a
s th
ey
get o
lder
Fam
ily m
embe
rs
and
frie
nds
wer
e th
e m
ost
freq
uent
con
tact
s, a
lthou
gh
othe
r re
lativ
es,
teac
hers
and
coac
hes,
and
oth
er
peop
le w
ere
also
rep
orte
d.
03
IMP
OR
TA
NC
E O
F
IND
ICA
TO
R:
Preg
nanc
y in
terr
upts
the
idea
l psy
-
chol
ogic
al a
nd s
ocia
l dev
elop
men
t of
adol
esce
nt g
irls
, esp
ecia
lly th
ose
unde
r th
e ag
e of
18.
A p
regn
ancy
forc
es a
you
ng w
oman
, and
pot
en-
tially
her
par
tner
, to
mak
e so
me
of
the
mos
t ser
ious
dec
isio
ns e
ver
mad
e
by a
dults
. Whe
n a
preg
nanc
y oc
curs
in a
dole
scen
ce, t
hese
dec
isio
ns m
ay
have
to b
e m
ade
befo
re e
duca
tion
is
com
plet
ed o
r ca
reer
s ar
e co
m-
men
ced,
and
bef
ore
an e
cono
mic
ally
self
-suf
fici
ent h
ouse
hold
has
bee
n
TE
EN
AG
esta
blis
hed.
The
pre
gnan
cy m
ay d
is-
rupt
rel
atio
nshi
ps w
ith p
eers
or
part
-
ners
and
may
str
ain
fam
ily ti
es.
ST
OR
Y T
OLD
BY
TH
E D
AT
A:
The
ove
rall
rate
for
teen
pre
gnan
cy
has
cont
inue
d to
dec
line
from
the
earl
y pa
rt o
f th
e de
cade
. In
fact
,
alth
ough
bot
h H
awai
i and
Kau
ai
Cou
ntie
s sh
ow a
n in
crea
se o
f 19
95
data
ove
r 19
90, t
he p
regn
ancy
rat
es
in th
ose
coun
ties
has
also
dec
lined
over
the
past
thre
e ye
ars.
GE
ND
ER
ED
IMP
AC
T:
The
impa
ct o
f a
preg
nanc
y du
ring
the
teen
yea
rs o
n yo
ung
fem
ales
will
var
y
depe
ndin
g on
the
inte
nded
ness
of
the
preg
nanc
y, it
s ou
tcom
e, th
e ag
e of
the
fem
ale,
and
her
acc
ess
to r
espo
nsib
le s
ocia
l sup
port
s. M
any
adul
ts h
ave
a
diff
icul
t tim
e re
cogn
izin
g th
at te
en p
regn
anci
es m
ay b
e pl
anne
d, b
ut a
rec
ent
stud
y fo
und
that
14%
of
them
wer
e in
tend
ed a
t the
tim
e of
con
cept
ion.
94
TE
EN
PR
EG
NA
NC
Y R
AT
E(p
er 1
,000
11.
0111
ell ,
lge
15-1
9)
Ann
ual R
ate
of C
hang
eA
nnua
l Rat
e of
Cha
nge
1980
1990
1980
-199
019
9519
90-1
995
Rec
ent
Tre
nd
Stat
e87
.592
.61.
9083
.5-2
.07
Hon
olul
u96
.296
.30.
0180
.3-3
.62
Haw
ai`i
73.9
93.3
2.32
98.8
1.15
Kau
a`i
75.6
91.3
1.89
91.9
0.14
Mau
i63
.289
.63.
4987
.6-0
.46
AG
E-S
PEC
IFIC
PR
EG
NA
NC
Y R
AT
ES:
(PE
R 1
,000
WO
ME
N15
22.1
29.9
3.02
27.3
-1.7
90
1642
.047
.71.
2848
.60.
38
1776
.987
.41.
2879
.1-2
.00
1812
8.1
124.
20.
0911
1.8
-2.9
00
1915
8.1
161.
90.
2413
1.2
-4.2
0
TE
EN
AG
E P
RE
GN
AN
CY
OU
TC
OM
ES
Bir
ths
unin
tend
edat
con
cept
ion
37%
Mis
carr
iage
s 14
%
Bir
ths
inte
nded
at c
once
ptio
n 14
%
1997
Haw
ai'i
Kid
s C
ount
Dat
a B
ook
Abo
rtio
ns 3
5%
95
A n
atio
na!
stad
.;'
lag
the
inte
nded
ness
ain
j
°ato
nes
of
nanc
y fo
und
aLo:
7!
one-
Ley
of
P:12
::!!J
:.',7
end
with
n b
lith
and
the-
f.
two-
Da:
Is o
f (1
;),,:
e
we7
,.? a
nYan
ned
IMP
OR
TA
NC
E O
F
IND
ICA
TO
R:
Ado
lesc
ents
are
pri
mar
ily a
ffec
ted
by a
buse
, oft
en s
exua
l abu
se, w
ith-
out t
he b
asic
neg
lect
that
har
ms
othe
r ag
es.
Thi
s de
velo
pmen
tal
stag
e fo
r ki
ds m
arks
the
ques
t for
cont
rol,
sepa
ratio
n, a
nd id
entit
y
impo
rtan
t psy
chol
ogic
al w
ork
usu-
ally
ham
pere
d by
mal
trea
tmen
t.
Abu
sed
yout
hs a
re li
kely
to d
emon
-
stra
te p
oor
self
-est
eem
and
a p
oor
body
imag
e, w
hich
oft
en le
ads
to
self
-inj
urio
us b
ehav
ior.
The
y fr
e-
AB
US
E A
ND
NE
GLE
CT
(A
GE
12
-17)
quen
tly s
epar
ate
abru
ptly
fro
m th
e
fam
ily o
f or
igin
thro
ugh
runn
ing
away
, bec
omin
g pr
egna
nt, o
r so
me
othe
rm
etho
dof
sepa
ratio
n.
Ado
lesc
ent a
nd a
dult
surv
ivor
s of
abus
e ar
e kn
own
to b
e m
ore
likel
y
to e
ngag
e in
late
r su
bsta
nce
abus
e.
ST
OR
Y T
OLD
BY
TH
E D
AT
A:
Whi
le s
till h
ighe
r th
an in
the
earl
y
1980
s, th
e ra
te o
f ab
use
for
yout
hs
is d
eclin
ing.
GE
ND
ER
ED
IMP
AC
T:
Whi
le H
awai
i dat
a fo
r th
is a
ge g
roup
is n
ot a
vaila
ble
sepa
rate
ly f
or m
ales
and
fem
ales
, it i
s kn
own
that
fem
ales
are
mor
e lik
ely
to b
e vi
ctim
s of
abu
se,
part
icul
arly
sex
ual,
than
mal
es. I
ndis
crim
inat
e se
xual
beh
avio
r an
d ea
ting
diso
rder
s, p
artic
ular
ly b
ulim
ia, i
n ad
oles
cent
s ha
ve w
idel
y be
en li
nked
to
child
hood
abu
se o
f fe
mal
es.
96
RA
TE
OF
CH
ILD
AB
LSE
A \
D N
EG
LE
CT
AG
ES
12-1
7(p
er 1
,000
chi
ldre
n (4
this
age
)
1980
1990
Ann
ual R
ate
of C
hang
e19
80-1
990
Ann
ual R
ate
of C
hang
eR
ecen
t19
9519
90-1
995
Tre
nd
Stat
e3.
77.
77.
156.
5-3
.41
INC
IDE
NC
E O
F M
ALT
RE
AT
ME
NT
IN N
AW
AI'l
BY
TY
PE
, 199
5
Abu
se =
45%
Abu
se a
nd N
egle
ct =
21%
1997
Haw
ai'i
Kid
s C
ount
Dat
a B
ook
Neg
lect
= 2
4%
Sexu
al A
buse
= 1
0%
97
IMP
OR
TA
NC
E O
F
IND
ICA
TO
R:
Seve
ral f
orm
s of
ris
ky b
ehav
ior
and
poor
dec
isio
n-m
akin
g ar
e re
late
d to
the
extr
eme
outc
ome
of d
eath
for
teen
ager
s.T
his
indi
cato
r lo
oks
spec
ific
ally
at a
ccid
ents
, hom
icid
es
and
suic
ides
. The
se a
re p
resu
med
to
be p
reve
ntab
le d
eath
s, a
sor
row
to
the
fam
ilies
and
a lo
ss o
f po
tent
ial
bene
fit t
o th
e co
mm
unity
.
TE
EN
VIO
LEN
T D
EA
TH
S
ST
OR
Y T
OLD
BY
TH
E D
AT
A:
The
re is
con
tinue
d im
prov
emen
t in
the
num
ber
and
the
rate
of
deat
hs
amon
g ol
der
teen
s. T
his
is tr
ue f
or
deat
h fr
om il
lnes
s as
wel
l as
deat
h
from
acc
iden
tal c
ause
s. I
t is
also
true
for
all
coun
ties
exce
pt K
auai
.
GE
ND
ER
ED
IMP
AC
T:
Tee
n m
ale
deat
hs r
esul
ting
from
acc
iden
ts, h
omic
ides
, and
sui
cide
s oc
cur
thre
e tim
es a
s of
ten
as te
en f
emal
e de
aths
fro
m th
e sa
me
caus
es. T
wic
e as
man
y te
en m
ales
die
fro
m il
lnes
s as
teen
fem
ales
.
98
TE
EN
VIO
LE
NT
DE
AT
HS
(hom
icid
es, s
uici
des,
and
acc
iden
ts f
or a
ges
I S-
19)
Stat
e
1980
53.2
1990
51.0
Ann
ual R
ate
of C
hang
e19
80-1
990
-0.4
2
1995
22.2
Ann
ual R
ate
of C
hang
e19
90-1
995
-17.
17
CO
UN
TY
:
Hon
olul
u54
.043
.6-2
.14
35.4
-5.2
Haw
ai`i
37.1
77.0
7.30
59.6
-6.4
Kau
a`i
67.5
30.3
-8.0
056
.315
.5
Mau
i60
.110
9.1
5.97
28.9
-33.
2
G N
1)1
:1(
Fem
ale
23.3
18.3
-4.8
5
Mal
e72
.551
.2-6
.96
Rec
ent
Tre
nd
NO
TE
: The
num
ber
of te
en v
iole
nt d
eath
s is
sm
all s
o th
at g
reat
var
iabi
lity
is e
xpec
ted
over
tim
e. F
or e
xam
ple,
the
num
ber
of d
eath
s in
Kau
a`i w
as 1
in 1
990
and
2 in
199
5, b
ut th
is r
esul
ts in
a la
rge
chan
ge in
the
rate
s.
CA
US
ES
OF
TE
EN
DE
AT
HS
IN 1
994,
AG
E 1
5-19
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10% 0
Haw
aii A
vera
ge
US
Ave
rage
HO
MIC
IDE
SUIC
IDE
MO
TO
R V
EH
ICL
EIN
JUR
IES
1997
Haw
ai'i
Kid
s C
ount
Dat
a B
ook
09
In a
stu
dy r
epor
ted
the
natio
nal K
ids
Cou
nt p
ro-
gram
, Haw
aii w
as s
how
n
to h
ave
an e
xtre
mel
y` lo
w
num
ber
of h
omic
ides
.
10.7
ile th
e pe
rcen
tage
of
all
deat
hs d
ue to
sui
cide
appe
ars
high
, it s
houl
d be
note
d th
at c
ombi
ned
sui-
cide
s an
d ho
mic
ides
in th
e
stat
e w
ere
near
ly id
entic
al
to th
e na
tiona
l ave
rage
.
WH
AT
WE
WA
NT
TO
The
late
st la
rge
natio
nal m
ovem
ent o
n be
half
of
kids
was
kic
ked
off
last
Apr
il by
the
Pres
iden
ts' S
umm
it fo
r A
mer
ica'
s Fu
ture
. Am
eric
a's
Prom
ise
is le
d by
for
mer
Gen
eral
Col
in P
owel
l. It
pro
pose
s fi
ve f
unda
men
tal r
esou
rces
for
chi
ldre
n an
d yo
uth:
an o
ngoi
ng r
elat
ions
hip
with
a c
arin
g ad
ult;
safe
pla
ces
to le
arn
and
grow
;
mar
keta
ble
skill
s th
roug
h ef
fect
ive
educ
atio
n;
a he
alth
sta
rt; a
nd
an o
ppor
tuni
ty to
giv
e ba
ck.
Atte
mpt
s to
mea
sure
how
wel
l our
com
mun
ity is
doi
ng in
pro
vidi
ng th
ese
reso
urce
s re
lies
in p
art o
n in
form
atio
n th
at is
not
cur
rent
ly c
olle
cted
. Whi
le w
e ha
ve
som
e id
eas
abou
t the
ava
ilabi
lity
of s
afe
plac
es, d
evel
opm
ent o
f m
arke
tabl
e sk
ills,
and
child
hea
lth, r
elat
ivel
y lit
tle b
eyon
d an
ecdo
tal r
epor
ts is
kno
wn
abou
t the
rel
atio
nshi
ps
kids
hav
e w
ith a
dults
or
abou
t you
th v
olun
teer
ism
.
Reg
ardi
ng th
e pr
esen
ce o
f a
cons
iste
nt, c
arin
g ad
ult i
n th
e liv
es o
f ch
ildre
n,w
e ne
ed
to k
now
:
1. T
he p
erce
ntag
e of
chi
ldre
n w
ho r
epor
t tha
t the
y ha
ve a
car
ing
adul
t in
thei
r liv
es;
2. T
he p
erce
ntag
e of
chi
ldre
n w
ith a
gra
ndpa
rent
or
seni
or a
dult
in th
eir
lives
; and
3. T
he p
erce
ntag
e of
chi
ldre
n w
ho h
ave
a yo
unge
r ch
ild f
or w
hom
they
fee
lre
spon
sibl
e.
100
KN
OW
, BU
T D
ON
'T...
We
know
qui
te a
bit
abou
t sch
ool a
nd h
ome
safe
ty, a
lthou
gh th
ere
are
gaps
in o
ur
know
ledg
e. W
e ne
ed to
kno
w:
1. T
he p
erce
ntag
e of
chi
ldre
n w
ho a
re h
ome
alon
e fo
llow
ing
scho
ol;
2. T
he p
erce
ntag
e of
chi
ldre
n w
ho a
re h
omel
ess;
3. T
he r
ate
of v
iole
nce
in s
choo
ls; a
nd
4. D
omes
tic v
iole
nce
rate
s in
hom
es w
ith c
hild
ren.
Part
of
a he
alth
y st
art i
n lif
e in
clud
es b
eing
rea
dy to
con
tinue
lear
ning
in a
for
mal
scho
ol s
ettin
g. C
erta
inly
, pre
pari
ng c
hild
ren
to s
ucce
ed in
sch
ool i
s on
e of
the
prim
ary
resp
onsi
bilit
ies
of w
ell-
func
tioni
ng f
amili
es. W
e ne
ed to
kno
w:
1. T
he p
erce
ntag
e of
chi
ldre
n w
ho a
re "
read
y' f
or s
choo
l; an
d
2. T
he p
erce
ntag
e of
fam
ilies
with
acc
ess
to p
aren
t edu
catio
n re
sour
ces.
Prov
idin
g yo
ung
peop
le w
ith th
e op
port
unity
to s
erve
giv
es th
em f
irst
-han
d ex
peri
ence
in th
e be
nefi
t of
bein
g ac
tive
citiz
ens.
We
need
to k
now
:
1. T
he p
erce
ntag
e of
you
th e
ngag
ed in
com
mun
ity s
ervi
ce/m
eani
ngfu
l
activ
ities
.
If th
is in
form
atio
n w
ere
avai
labl
e fr
om o
ngoi
ng, c
onsi
sten
t sou
rces
,w
e w
ould
have
muc
h be
tter
idea
s ab
out d
evel
opin
g th
e re
spon
sibl
e ci
tizen
s th
at a
llou
r
tom
orro
w's
req
uire
.
1997
Haw
ai'i
Kid
s C
ount
Dat
a B
ook
101
TR
EN
DS
IN B
AS
IC IN
DIC
AT
OR
S: H
AW
AII
AN
DU
S
30-0
-25
HI
20U
S
154 co cy
)
03N C
OC
O0)
0)1-
...-
0)0
CO
0);T
O
1.
Perc
ent c
hild
ren
in p
over
ty
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
HI
16.8
16.3
15.7
16.3
17.2
16.7
17.4
US
20.8
20.5
20.0
19.6
19.5
19.8
20.0
1992
1993
1994
1995
16.2
17.4
17.0
18.
0*
20.6
21.0
21.0
Not
e: th
is u
ses
Haw
ai`i
pov
erty
leve
l as
115%
of
natio
nal l
evel
for
Haw
ai`i
dat
a, n
atio
nal l
evel
for
US
data
(du
e to
cos
t of
livin
g di
ffer
ence
s). *
1995
is e
stim
ate
of th
e 11
5% le
vel
Perc
ent o
f fa
mili
es w
ith c
hild
ren
head
ed b
y a
sing
le p
aren
t
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
HI
21.5
21.0
20.2
20.6
20.7
20.7
20.9
22.0
23.0
22.0
22.0
US
21.6
22.0
22.3
22.8
23.4
24.2
24.7
25.3
26.0
26.0
Perc
ent l
ow-b
irth
-wei
ght b
abie
s (w
eigh
ing
less
than
5.5
pou
nds)
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
HI
6.5
6.9
7.0
6.9
7.1
7.1
6.8
7.2
6.9
6.5
8.1
US
6.8
6.8
6.9
6.9
7.0
7.0
7.1
7.1
7.2
7.3
Infa
nt M
orta
lity
Rat
e (p
er 1
,000
live
bir
ths)
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
HI
8.8
9.3
8.9
7.2
8.3
6.7
7.4
6.3
7.2
6.4
5.7
US
10.6
10.4
10.1
10.0
9.8
9.2
8.9
8.5
8.4
8.0
Chi
ld D
eath
Rat
e (a
ges
1-14
, per
100
,000
chi
ldre
n)
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
HI
26.0
27.9
27.5
22.3
29.5
26.1
22.6
25.2
20.0
21.2
22.4
US
33.8
33.7
33.3
33.2
32.4
30.5
30.7
28.8
30.0
29.0
1997
Haw
ai'i
Kid
s C
ount
Dat
a B
ook
1C3
1U4
Num
ber
of b
irth
s to
teen
s (p
er 1
,000
fem
ales
age
s 15
-17)
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
HI
2322
2424
2832
3531
3032
28
US
3131
3234
3637
3938
3838
Tee
n vi
olen
t dea
th r
ate
(age
s 15
-19,
per
100
,000
teen
s)
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
HI
45.6
38.0
49.4
56.4
45.5
51.0
31.5
40.8
35.6
38.9
22.2
US
62.8
68.5
66.5
69.7
69.3
70.9
71.1
66.6
69.0
69.0
Juve
nile
vio
lent
cri
me
arre
st r
ate
(per
100
,000
you
ths)
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
HI
189
208
214
223
220
223
248
241
223
258
288
US
305
310
319
347
385
429
457
483
506
517
Perc
ent o
f te
ens
who
are
hig
h sc
hool
dro
pout
s (a
ges
16-1
9)
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
HI
4.8
4.8
5.5
7.0
7.1
6.8
5.6
6.3
5.0
5.0
5.0
US
10.5
10.4
10.3
10.4
10.5
10.3
9.9
9.3
9.0
9.0
Perc
ent o
f te
ens
not a
ttend
ing
scho
ol a
nd n
ot w
orki
ng
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
HI
11.1
9.7
9.1
9.2
9.2
10.1
10.3
11.6
10.0
9.0
10.0
US
11.0
10.5
10.1
9.8
9.7
10.0
10.1
9.9
10.0
9.0
1997
Haw
ai'i
Kid
s C
ount
Dat
a B
ook
105
ME
TH
OD
OLO
GY
All
rate
s an
d pe
rcen
ts o
f ch
ild p
opul
atio
n ar
e ba
sed
on p
opul
atio
n nu
mbe
rs f
rom
the
1980
and
1990
cen
sus
and
offi
cial
est
imat
es o
f th
e 19
94 p
opul
atio
n as
pro
vide
d by
the
Haw
ai`i
Dep
artm
ent
of B
usin
ess,
Eco
nom
ic D
evel
opm
ent &
Tou
rism
or
from
off
icia
l US
Bur
eau
of th
e C
ensu
s
publ
icat
ions
. Chi
ld p
opul
atio
n es
timat
es f
or c
ount
ies
and
ethn
ic c
lass
ific
atio
ns w
ere
mad
e by
Haw
aii K
ids
Cou
nt f
or th
e pu
rpos
e of
cal
cula
ting
rate
s at
thos
e le
vels
as
the
offi
cial
cen
sus
estim
ates
are
stat
ewid
e by
gen
der
and
sing
le y
ear
of a
ge.
FA
MIL
Y C
OM
PO
SIT
ION
AN
D R
ES
OU
RC
ES
Perc
ent o
f ch
ildre
n in
pov
erty
: the
per
cent
age
of r
elat
ed c
hild
ren
unde
r ag
e 18
who
live
in
fam
ilies
with
inco
mes
bel
ow th
e U
.S. p
over
ty th
resh
old,
as
defi
ned
by th
e U
S O
ffic
e of
Man
agem
ent a
nd B
udge
t. So
urce
: cen
sus
data
and
info
rmat
ion
from
the
Cur
rent
Pop
ulat
ion
Surv
ey, M
arch
Sup
plem
ent.
Perc
ent i
n si
ngle
-par
ent f
amili
es: t
he p
erce
ntag
e of
all
child
ren
unde
r ag
e 18
who
live
in f
amili
es
head
ed b
y a
pers
on w
ithou
t a s
pous
e pr
esen
t in
the
hom
e. S
ourc
e: c
ensu
s da
ta a
nd s
peci
al
tabu
latio
ns o
f in
form
atio
n fr
om th
e C
urre
nt P
opul
atio
n Su
rvey
, Bur
eau
of L
abor
Sta
tistic
s.
Tee
n bi
rth
rate
: the
num
ber
of b
irth
s to
teen
s pe
r 1,
000
fem
ales
age
s 15
-19.
Sou
rce:
cen
sus
data
and
info
rmat
ion
from
the
Off
ice
of H
ealth
Sta
tus
Mon
itori
ng, D
epar
tmen
t of
Hea
lth.
Perc
ent o
f bu
dget
exp
ende
d fo
r ho
usin
g: th
e pe
rcen
tage
of
cons
umer
uni
ts s
pent
on
hous
ing
cost
. Sou
rce:
Dep
artm
ent o
f B
usin
ess,
Eco
nom
ic D
evel
opm
ent a
nd T
ouri
sm.
Perc
ent w
ith h
ealth
insu
ranc
e: th
e pe
rcen
tage
of
child
ren
unde
r ag
e 18
who
are
cov
ered
by
priv
ate
or p
ublic
hea
lth in
sura
nce,
incl
udin
g Q
uest
and
Med
icai
d. S
ourc
e: C
urre
nt P
opul
atio
n
Surv
ey, M
arch
Sup
plem
ent.
106
AN
D S
OU
RC
ES
INF
AN
CY
AN
D E
AR
LY C
HIL
DH
OO
D(r
ough
ly 0
-5 y
ears
)
Perc
ent h
avin
g ea
rly
pren
atal
car
e: th
e pe
rcen
tage
of
live
birt
hs in
whi
ch th
e m
othe
r ha
dpr
enat
al c
are
in th
e fi
rst t
rim
este
r of
the
preg
nanc
y. S
ourc
e: O
ffic
e of
Hea
lth S
tatu
s M
onito
ring
,
Dep
artm
ent o
f H
ealth
.
Perc
ent l
ow-b
irth
-wei
ght b
abie
s: th
e pe
rcen
tage
of
live
birt
hs w
eigh
ing
unde
r 2,
500
gram
s
(5.5
pou
nds)
. Sou
rce:
Off
ice
of H
ealth
Sta
tus
Mon
itori
ng, D
epar
tmen
t of
Hea
lth.
Infa
nt m
orta
lity
rate
: the
num
ber
of d
eath
s oc
curr
ing
to in
fant
s un
der
one
year
of
age
per
1,00
0 liv
e bi
rths
. Sou
rce:
Off
ice
of H
ealth
Sta
tus
Mon
itori
ng, D
epar
tmen
t of
Hea
lth.
Perc
ent f
ully
imm
uniz
ed b
y ag
e 2:
the
perc
enta
ge o
f ch
ildre
n re
ceiv
ing
the
com
plet
e se
ries
of
vacc
ines
pro
tect
ing
them
aga
inst
chi
ldho
od d
isea
ses
(DT
P/D
T, P
olio
, Mea
sles
, Rub
ella
, and
Mum
ps)
with
in th
eir
firs
t tw
o ye
ars
of li
fe. S
ourc
e: R
etro
spec
tive
Kin
derg
arte
n Su
rvey
, Haw
ai`i
Imm
uniz
aion
Pro
gram
, Dep
artm
ent o
f H
ealth
Perc
ent i
dent
ifie
d at
dev
elop
men
tal r
isk:
the
perc
enta
ge o
f ch
ildre
n bi
rth
to a
ge 3
who
hav
e
been
iden
tifie
d as
hav
ing
deve
lopm
enta
l del
ays
or b
iolo
gica
l ris
k fa
ctor
s an
d/or
env
iron
men
tal
risk
fac
tors
whi
ch p
lace
them
at r
isk
of h
avin
g de
lays
in d
evel
opm
ent.
Sour
ce: Z
ero-
To-
Thr
ee
Haw
ai`i
Pro
ject
.
Perc
ent o
f po
vert
y fo
ur-y
ear-
olds
enr
olle
d in
sub
sidi
zed
pre-
scho
ol: t
he n
umbe
r of
pov
erty
-
rela
ted
four
-yea
r-ol
ds e
nrol
led
in H
ead
Star
t, O
pen
Doo
rs, a
nd th
e K
ameh
ameh
a C
ente
r-B
ased
Pres
choo
ls d
ivid
ed b
y th
e ch
ild p
over
ty r
ate
times
the
num
ber
of f
our-
year
-old
s. S
ourc
e: H
ead
Star
t, th
e G
over
nor's
Off
ice
of C
hild
ren
and
You
th, a
nd K
ameh
ameh
a Sc
hool
s.
Rat
e of
chi
ld a
buse
: num
ber
of c
hild
ren
invo
lved
in c
onfi
rmed
rep
orts
of
child
abu
se a
nd/o
r
negl
ect p
er 1
,000
chi
ldre
n ag
e 0-
5. S
ourc
e: D
epar
tmen
t of
Hum
an S
ervi
ces.
1997
Haw
ai'i
Kid
s C
ount
Dat
a B
ook
107
ELE
ME
NT
AR
Y S
CH
OO
L Y
EA
RS
(rou
ghly
age
s 6-
11)
Chi
ld d
eath
rat
e: th
e nu
mbe
r of
dea
ths
from
all
caus
es to
chi
ldre
n be
twee
n ag
es I
and
14
per
100,
000
child
ren
in th
is a
ge r
ange
. Sou
rce:
dea
th d
ata
from
Off
ice
of H
ealth
Sta
tus
Mon
itori
ng, D
epar
tmen
t of
Hea
lth.
Perc
ent o
f ch
ildre
n w
ith w
ork
forc
e pa
rent
s w
ho a
re e
nrol
led
in s
uper
vise
d pr
ogra
m: n
umbe
r
of c
hild
ren
enro
lled
in th
e A
+ p
rogr
am d
ivid
ed b
y th
e nu
mbe
r of
chi
ldre
n ag
e 6-
11 w
ith b
oth
or o
nly
pare
nt e
mpl
oyed
. Sou
rce:
A+
enr
ollm
ent f
rom
Dep
artm
ent o
f E
duca
tion;
num
ber
of
child
ren
with
bot
h or
onl
y pa
rent
em
ploy
ed f
rom
cen
sus
data
.
Perc
ent o
f th
ird
grad
ers
scor
ing
abov
e av
erag
e (s
tani
nes
7-9)
and
ave
rage
(st
anin
es 4
-6)
on
the
Stan
ford
Ach
ieve
men
t Tes
t (SA
T)
mat
hem
atic
s po
rtio
n. S
ourc
e: S
choo
l Sta
tus
and
Impr
ovem
ent R
epor
ts, D
epar
tmen
t of
Edu
catio
n.
Perc
ent c
hild
ren
with
spe
cial
nee
ds e
nrol
led
in a
ppro
pria
te p
rogr
am: t
he n
umbe
r of
chi
ldre
n
in p
ublic
ele
men
tary
sch
ools
enr
olle
d in
spe
cial
edu
catio
n cl
asse
s di
vide
d by
the
num
ber
of
child
ren
in th
ese
publ
ic s
choo
l gra
des.
Sou
rce:
Sch
ool S
tatu
s an
d Im
prov
emen
t Rep
orts
,
Dep
artm
ent o
f E
duca
tion.
Rat
e of
chi
ld a
buse
: num
ber
of c
hild
ren
invo
lved
in c
onfi
rmed
rep
orts
of
child
abu
se a
nd/o
r
negl
ect p
er 1
,000
chi
ldre
n ag
e 6-
11. S
ourc
e: D
epar
tmen
t of
Hum
an S
ervi
ces.
YO
UT
H(r
ough
ly 1
2-18
)
Rat
e of
teen
vio
lent
dea
ths:
the
num
ber
of d
eath
s fr
om h
omic
ide,
sui
cide
, and
acc
iden
ts to
teen
s
betw
een
ages
15
and
19, p
er 1
00,0
00 te
ens
in th
is a
ge g
roup
. Sou
rce:
dea
th d
ata
from
Off
ice
of
Hea
lth S
tatu
s M
onito
ring
, Dep
artm
ent o
f H
ealth
.
Perc
ent o
f ei
ghts
gra
ders
sco
ring
abo
ve a
vera
ge (
stan
ines
7-9
) an
d av
erag
e (s
tani
nes
4-6)
on th
e St
anfo
rd A
chie
vem
ent T
est (
SAT
) m
athe
mat
ics
port
ion.
Sou
rce:
Sch
ool S
tatu
s an
d
Impr
ovem
ent R
epor
ts, D
epar
tmen
t of
Edu
catio
n.
108
Perc
ent g
radu
atin
g fr
om h
igh
scho
ol o
n tim
e: th
e nu
mbe
r of
hig
h sc
hool
gra
duat
es in
any
one
year
div
ided
by
the
nint
h gr
ade
enro
llmen
t fou
r ye
ars
earl
ier.
Inc
lude
s pu
blic
and
pri
vate
scho
ols.
Sou
rce:
Dep
artm
ent o
f E
duca
tion.
Tee
ns n
ot in
sch
ool,
not i
n w
orki
ng: t
he p
erce
ntag
e of
teen
ager
s be
twee
n ag
es 1
6 an
d 19
who
are
not e
nrol
led
in s
choo
l (fu
ll or
par
t-tim
e) a
nd n
ot e
mpl
oyed
(fu
ll or
par
t-tim
e). S
ourc
e:
Cen
sus
data
for
198
0 an
d 19
90; s
peci
al ta
bula
tions
of
Cur
rent
Pop
ulat
ion
Surv
ey m
icro
data
prep
ared
by
the
Bur
eau
of L
abor
Sta
tistic
s.
Rat
e of
chi
ld a
buse
: num
ber
of y
outh
s (a
ge 1
2-17
) in
volv
ed in
con
firm
ed r
epor
ts o
f ch
ild a
buse
and/
or n
egle
ct p
er 1
,000
you
ths
in th
is a
ge g
roup
. Sou
rce:
Dep
artm
ent o
f H
uman
Ser
vice
s.
Subs
tanc
e us
e ra
te: t
he p
erce
ntag
e of
hig
h sc
hool
stu
dent
s w
ho r
epor
t the
y ha
d fi
ve o
r m
ore
drin
ks o
f al
coho
l in
a ro
w, t
hat i
s, w
ithin
a c
oupl
e of
hou
rs, o
n on
e or
mor
e da
ys o
f th
e pa
st 3
0
days
. Sou
rce:
bie
nnia
l stu
dy b
y th
e D
epar
tmen
t of
Hea
lth a
nd D
epar
tmen
t of
Edu
catio
n, 1
995
Haw
aii Y
outh
Ris
k B
ehav
ior
Surv
ey.
Tee
n pr
egna
ncy
rate
: the
num
ber
of b
irth
s, a
bort
ions
, and
fet
al d
eath
s to
wom
en u
nder
the
age
of
20 p
er 1
,000
wom
en o
f th
is a
ge. S
ourc
e: O
ffic
e of
Hea
lth S
tatu
s M
onito
ring
, Dep
artm
ent o
f H
ealth
.
Juve
nile
vio
lent
cri
me
arre
st r
ate:
the
num
ber
of a
rres
ts o
f yo
uths
und
er a
ge 1
8 fo
r vi
olen
t
offe
nses
(ho
mic
ide,
for
cibl
e ra
pe, r
obbe
ry, o
r ag
grav
ated
ass
ault)
per
100
,000
you
ths
betw
een
ages
10
and
17. S
ourc
e: C
rim
e Pr
even
tion
Div
isio
n, D
epar
tmen
t of
the
Atto
rney
Gen
eral
.
1997
Haw
ai'i
Kid
s C
ount
Dat
a B
ook
109
(9/92)
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATIONOffice of Educational Research and Improvement (OERI)
Educational Resources Information Center (ERIC)
NOTICE
REPRODUCTION BASIS
ERIC
This document is covered by a signed "Reproduction Release(Blanket)" form (on file within the ERIC system), encompassing all
or classes of documents from its source organization and, therefore,does not require a "Specific Document" Release form.
This document is Federally-funded, or carries its own permission toreproduce, or is otherwise in the public domain and, therefore, maybe reproduced by ERIC without a signed Reproduction Releaseform (either "Specific Document" or "Blanket").