ED 036 686

TITLE

INSTITUTIONPUB DATENOTE

EDRS PRICEDESCRIPTORS

IDENTIFIERS

ABSTRACT

DOCUMENT RESUME

AC 006 356

Adult Radio: A Community Service and ContinuingEducation Project through Broadcast Utilization(Title 1 of the Higher Education Act of 1965) FinalReport.Morehead State Univ., Ky.6933p.

EDRS Price MF-$0025 HC-$1175*Adult Education, *Community Services, CulturalEnrichment, Educational Improvement, *EducationalRadio, Interviews, *Older Adults; Program Content,Program EvaluationAppalachia, *Higher Education Act Title I

During the period July 1, 1968-July 15, 1969,WMKY-FM, the student radio station at Morehead State University;undertook a research project under the financing of Title I of theHigher Education Act of 1965 to provide special programming for thesenior citizens within their listening area and evaluate the responseto their programs. First, the listening area was surveyed to find howmany senior citizens had radios at their disposal. Of 227 potentialenrollees, 133 were initially enrolled in a regular listeningprogram. Series' of tapes for broadcasts were obtained from theInstitute of Lifetime Learning, Long Beach, California, whichspecializes in preparing tapes for the aging. Six separate series ofthirteen lessons each were presented through radio broadcasts, andthen reactions were solicited in informal interviews with theenrollees. Evaluative comments were not entirely favorable, and someof the listeners felt that the programs were not directed to theirinterest group. Reactions were favorable to a series on music and toa "Talkback" series (guest speakers who answered telephonedquestions). The project was found to have significant positiveimpact, however, and proposals are laid forth for its continuance.(nl)

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION 8 WELFARE

OFFICE OF EDUCATION

THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN REPRODUCED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED FROM THE

PERSON OR ORGANIZATION ORIGINATING IT. POINTS OF VIEW OR OPINIONS

STATED DO HOT NECESSARILY REPRESENT OFFICIAL OFFICE OF EDUCATION

POSITION OR POLICY,

Odfy/3e: g

FINAL REPORT

A COMMUNITY SERVICE AND CONTINUINGEDUCATION PROJECT THROUGH BROADCAST

UTILIZATION(TITLE I OF THE HIGHER EDUCATION ACT OF 1%5)

JULY/969

,--PROJECT DIRECTORDONALD EmoLLowAy

W NA F MINSTITUTE OF PUBLIC BROADCASTING

REWEAR.CH MID DEVELOPMENT

MOREHEAD STATE UNIVERSITVMOREPEAD KENTUCKY

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It would have been impossible for a small ten watt radio

UNI station with a predominently student staff to accomplish this

project without the co-operation of many individuals.

As a staff, we wish to express our appreciation to

Dr. Gregor Ziemer and the Institute of Lifetime Learnin2, Long Beach,

California. Dr. Ziemer's encouragement via letters, his personal

visit to the campus, and the programs provided by the Institute

were the main input to the project.

Mr. Louis Schweitzer of New York City deserves a special

thanks from fifty adults. Mr. Schweitzer donated money to

Morehead State Universtiy for the pLirchase of fifty receivers to

be loaned to those who did not have and could not afford to

purchase them.

Dr. Morris Norfleet, Vice-President of Research and

Development, and Carole Carte of his staff have aided almost

daily in the operation of the project.

The co-operation of the Northeast Area Development Council

and the director f(Jr. Country Gathering, Mrs. Regina Fannin, gave

a group contact which became an important factor in the study of

individual motivation.

To the Committee on the Aging, Miss Ione Chapman, Richard Crowe,

to the fieldworkers, Robert Kida, Wade Yenowine, and Cecil Wayman,

and the project secretary, Sandra Planck, I would add my personal thanks.

APPRECIATION

Don HollowayProject Director

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Program Identification1

Introduction

Procedures

ProgrammingOOOOOO OOOOOOOOO OOOOOOO . . 6

Evaluation 25

Recommendations 28

2

3

ILLUSTRATIONS

Recruitment5

House-to-House Survey5

Radio Distribution 14

University Enrollment 16

Certificate of Completion 21

Recognition Dinner 22

Certificate Presentation 24

Demographic Data31

P R G IOENTIFICATION

1. "A Community Service and Continuing Education ProjectThrough Broadcast Utilization"

2. Project Number: 68-005-008

3. Reporting Period: July 1, 1968 - July 15, 1969

4. Date of Report: August 15, 1969

5. Project Director: Mr. Donald F. Holloway

"Any person who looks intently into the eyes of our Appa'lachian

Adult must feel the need for a project such as the one which

follows." Don Holloway, Project Director

2

INTRODUCTION

The research project "A Community Service and Continuing

Education Project Through Broadcast Utilization" was written and

directed,by Donald F. Holloway as part of the broadcast develop-

ment program of the. Morehead State University radio station, WMKY-FM.

It was funded under Title I of the Higher Education Act of 1965

and began July 1, 1968.

The project stemed from a concern for the Appalachian rural

senior citizen who often has little opportunity for cultural contacts

and for whom the future holds little challenge. It was with this in

mind that the project set its goals. The major emphasis was to

determine to what extent the senior citizen, through direct and

indirect contact, could be motivated to improve his cultural and

educational aspirations. Direct contacts consisted of from three

to six home visits made by the.fieldworkers. Indirect contacts

were those made by radio. There, were two 13 week periods of

broadcast with five one-hour broadcasts per week. During the home

visits, the fieldworkers collected the data necessary to detect

behavioral change, cultural contacts and fulfillment of cultural

aspirations.

There were halo effects of significance developing as the

project progressed, such as, (1) information about the prevalence

of radio and television sets in the communities of Clearfield and

Morehead, (2) an awareness of the instruction available via radio,

(3) information concerning the needs of elderly people which may be

alleviated in part via mass media, (4) an interchange among various

Appalachian improvement groups, and finally (5) radio staff

ex4Wience in providing such services to the public.

PROCEDURES

The project being a pilot program was subject to ever chanoing

procedures and techniques as the needs were clarified. The following

areas of major importance were first considered:

A. Office Procedure: During the period covering July 1-15, 1968,

the necessary requisitions were made for supplies and materials.

The procedures were routine for the establishment of an office.

B. Field Procedure: 1. Group Contacts: During this period

community leaders were contacted and the project was explained to

them with the purpose in mind that the project was interested in

the membership of the groups to which they had access. Those

contacted were:

DirectorDaniel Boone Convelescent HomeMorehead, Kentucky

Mr. Terrance Kelsay, MinisterEpiscopal ChurchMorehead, Kentucky

Father CowenCatholic ChurchMoreheadi, Kentucky

Mrs. Cline, PresidentLadies Missionary SocietyMorehead, Kentucky

Mrs. Adkins, Co-MinisterPentecostal ChurchClearfield, Kentucky

Office ManagerNortheast Area Development CouncilMorehead, Kentucky

Mr. Buskirk, MinisterMor&lead Methodist ChurchMorehead, Kentucky

Mrs. Crockett, SupervisorCounty Wet are, Rowan CountyMorehead, Kentucky

4

Mr. Cornett, CommanderAmerican Legion, Post #126Morehead, Kentucky

Mr. Young, MinisterNazarene ChurchMorehead, Kentucky

Mr. Ted Green, MinisterFreewill Baptist ChurchMorehead, Kentucky

Office SupervisorRawcel Heights Sub-divisionMorehead, Kentucky

Mr. Busby, MinisterMorehead Christian ChurchMorehead, Kentucky

2. House to House Contact Survey: With the co-operation of the

Northeast Area Development Council, three fieldworkers, Beverly Wight,

Patty Johnson, and Sharon Johnson, conducted a survey in which they

visited 220 homes in the Morehead and Clearfield area to gather

information about the number of people in each home, and types of

radios and televisions in each home. The results were as follows:

Of the 220 homes, 203 had one or more TV setsOf the 220 homes, 213 had one or more AM radiosOf the 220 homes, 124 had AM-FM radiosOf the 220 homes, 163 were capable of receiving ETV

This information was valuable to the study, and to future studie

of this type in that it was possible to determine the percentage of

people our project programing might reach, and the percentage of

people susceptible to various modes of mass media. More than

fifty potential adult enrollees were identified.. To give all the

workers a graphic representation of enrollment development, a large

map was installed in the office. Multicolored tacks were used to

indicate potential enrollees, those interviewed, and, those who were

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MAKING CONTACTS ThreeClearfield area residents have begunworking on a survey of the Morehead-Clearfield area' in a cooperative pro-gram of WMKY-FM and the North-east Area Development Council. Thethree, Sharon Johnson, a sophomoreBusiness Education major at More-head State University; Patty Johnson,and Beverly Wright, both seniors atRowan County High School, are con-ducting, a survey of every citizen inthe Morehead and Clearfield areasto ascertain the number of AM-FMradios and VHF-UHF television sets.

The girls will be calling on residentswithin the next three weeks with a briefquestionnaire. Sharon is the daughterof Mr. and Mrs. William B. Johnson,of Clearfield, and Patty and Beverlyare the daughters of Mr. and Mrs.Bobbie Wright, of Clearfield. Fromleft - Sharon Johnson, Patty Johnson,Beverly Wright, and Robert Kida.Mr. Kida is a Morehead State Uni-versity graduate assistant and field-worker for the Adult Radio Projectunder Title I of the Higher EducationAct of 1965.

5

3. Initial Contact: (Individual) As a result of the group contacts

and those identified as potential enrollees during the house to house

survey, a list of potential enrollees was compiled and each person was

contacted by the project fieldworkers. The project was explained and

their co-operation was enlisted. Out of a listing of 227 potential'

enrollees, 133 were initially enrolled in this manner. The initial

interview form used in this contact was designed and constructed by

the staff of what was to become known as "Adult Radio."

PROGRAMMING6

After all potential enrollees were contacted and evaluated

as to enrollment possibility, actual programming proceeded. Series

of adult programs were obtained from the Institute of Lifetime

Learning, Long Beach, California. These programs were selected

for many reasons. First, the project did not have sufficient funds

to write and produce the necessary programs. Secondly, those

produced by the Institute of Lifetime Learning are considered the

best available in that much research was devoted in the production

of these taped programs. And thirdly, they were especially produced

by experts in the field of aging for people of the age stipulated

in the original project proposal. (55 years plus)

The planned series consisted of six separate programs of

thirteen lessons each and were as follows:

Series #1 "Enjoyment of Music"

Lesson #1: How to Listen to MusicBy Edna Wilson Ziemer, internationallyknown music teacher (introduction)

Lesson #2: Instruments of the Orchestra (A)Learning to distinguish the variousinstruments of the orchestra

Lesson #3: Instruments of the Orchestra (B)_A cortinuation of Lesson #2

Lesson #4: American MusicFeaturing classical American musicsuch as the "Grand Canyon Suite" byFerdinand Grofe

Lesson #5: MozartBiographical sketch featuring the"Jupiter Symphony"

Lesson #6: BeethovenBiographical sketch featuring the"5th Symphbny"

7

Lesson #9: AidaA Continuation of Lesson #8, addingCaruso singing "Celeste Aida"

Lesson #10: Famous WaltzesFeaturing the origin of waltzes, andexamples thereof, especially Strauss

Lesson #11: LiederExplanation of Lieder and examples,featuring Schubert, Schumann, Brahms

Lesson #12: MarchesFeaturing John Philip Sousa with suchgreats as "El Captian" and "LibertyBell"

Lesson #13: General Review

Series #2: "Who Am I"

Lesson #1: IntroductionDiscussion of the scientific, religious,and philosophical approach to questioning

Lesson #2: Where Are We and How Long Have We Existed?Brings forth discussion on astronomicallocation and evolution of life and men

Lesson #3: What is Man?Discusses the anthropological andbiological approach

Lesson #4: What is Man? (continued)Discusses the sociological andpsychological approach

Lesson #52 Why Does Man Exist?Discusses existence from the point ofHinduism and Jainism

Lesson #6: Religions of the EastA continuation of Lesson #5 featuringBuddhism, Taoism, and Confucianism

Lesson #7: Wty Does Man Exist?A continuation of Lessons #5 and #6,featuring Christianty and Judaism

Lesson #8: Why Does Man Exist?A continuation of Lesson #7, featuringIslam and the views of Omar Khayyam

Lesson #9: The Evidence of the Existence of GodCovering ideas of such philosophers as

W. James, Pascal, Newton, and St. Anselm

8

Lesson #10: The Critical View of ReligionCovering critical concepts such aspositivism, and atheistic existentialism

Lesson #11: The Philosophical Approach SelfCovering such approaches to the self asstated by Frankl, Freud, and Jung

Lesson #12: The Philosophical AlErpach (continued)A continuation of Lesson #11 with theintroduction of its relation to socialproblems

Lesson #13: Summary and Conclusion

Series #3: "Great Lives After 155"

A radio quiz featuring 26 unrehearsed classes tapedfeaturing the biographies of men and women who havebecome famous after attaining senior citizenship.The 26 biographies broadcasted were:

1. Dr. Walter C. Alvarez2. Dr. Ethel Percy Andrus3. Clara Barton4. William Jennings Bryan5. Sir Winston Churchill6. Thomas A. Edison7. Albert Einstein8. Dwight D. Eisenhower9 Benjamin Franklin10. Johann Wolfgang Von Goethe11. H. V. Kaltenborn12. Helen Keller13. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow14. Dolly Madison15. Michelangelo16. Eleanor Roosevelt17. Dr. Albert Schweitzer18. George Bernard Shaw19 Jan Sibelius20. John Philip Sousa21. Alfred Lord Tennyson22. Titian23. Harry S. Truman24. Queen Victoria25. Richard Wagner26. John Wesley

9Series #4: "Creative Writing"

Lesson #1: IntroductionCovering the origins of story tellingand of finding saleable ideas forwriters

Lesson #2: Tools of the Writing TradeCovering the implements of thevocation of writing

Lesson #3: First Step to a Successful]Writing CareerGives ideas on how to construct abelievable short story

Lesson #4: More Ways to Look Inside YourStoryTells how to create believablecharacters

Lesson #5: The Practice of Planning, Organizingand Producing and Origional StoryThat is SaleableShows the value of blueprinting astory and the value of creatingattention getting titles

Lesson #6: How to Fashion a Growing Sense of RealityCovers ways to make a story believable,explains the term scene and tells waysto create the mood of a story

Lesson #7: How to Achieve Unit of StructureCovers ways to hold a story linetogether through the use of transitions,imagery, and plants

Lesson #8: How to Create Reasonable andBelievable ConflictExplains how conflicts can be usedto create suspense

Lesson #9: Dialogue, Drama and the Dimensionof DepthExplains that drama comes about throughconflict and that dialogue are the wordsuttered by the actors

Lesson #10: Writing the Magazine ArticleExplains some of the typical errorscommitted by writers

Lesson #11: Planning and Writing the Non-FictionBook

Covers the formula for writing a non-fiction book

10

Lesson #12: How to Write a Best Selling NovelExplains that in order to write something

good you must have something of value to

write about

Lesson #13: A Final WordExplains that a writer must learn where

to find good ideas for his stories

Series #5: "Everybody's Shakespeare"

This series covers thirteen of Shakespeare's plays,

their themes, plots, characters, imagery and

interpretations by the members of the class

The plays are as follows:

Play #1: Hamlet

Play #2: The Merchant of Venice

Play #3: Romeo & Juliet

Play #4: Richard II

Play #5: Much Ado About NothingPlay #6: Henry VPlay #7: Midsummer Night's Dream

Play #8: MacbethPlay #9: The Taming of the ShrewPlay #10: Twelefth NightPlay #11: As You Like ItPlay #12: King LearPlay #13: The Tempest

Series #6: "Adventures in Maturity"

Lesson #1: tLitlatAesinPerson?Explains what age is and discusses theproper time for growing old

Lesson #2: What Ages the Aging Person? (continued)

Covers some myths about aging

Lesson #3: Let's Stogy; Manufacturing LonelinessShows the reasons why some elderlypeople are lonely and gives hints onhow to overcome this loneliness

Lesson #4: How to Communicate While We CanCovers some simple techniques forcommunicating when we speak

Lesson #5: HOW to Communicate While We Can (continued)

Gives reasons why married coup es stoptrying to communicate with each other

11

Lesson #6: 1.IBridinctween the GenerationsGives ways we can bridge the gap betweengenerations in our society

Lesson #7: Bridging the Gap B(?.tween the Generations(continued)Gives ways of gettiing along withchildren, such as respecting their rightto be different

Lesson #8: Vitality is an Inside JobExplains some of the reasons for humanexhaustion

Lesson #9: Outwitting Our Ghosts in Time to LoveShows ways to change ores self-picture

Lesson #10: Outwitting Our Ghosts in to LoveRIM [ -OMOMMM .4*M IM,7Maer .M

72717TitJed)

A continuation of Lesy.w. #9 def,'AirTthe complications of se:f-pity

Lesson #11: Lolge Comes Before BeautxDiscusses what beauty can mean for thewoman in her later yea4-

Lesson #12: Ft.22 Comes Before BeauLy (continued)Discusses one of the notions thathastens age

Lesson #13: Is Joy Your Avocation?Examines one of the great secrets ofeffective living, joy

Series #7: "Our American Heritage"

Lesson #1: Our American Heritage - America BeginsDiscusses the early beginnings of America,settlers, explorers, and their motivesfor coming to America

Lesson #2: The Colonization in Virginia Takes RootCovers the settlers of Virginia and thebeginnings of a representative government,along with some of the hardships which hadto be faced

Lesson #3: The RockDiscwises the founding of the PlymouthColony and the Mayflower Compact alongwith some of the reasons why the peoplesettled there

12

Lesson #4: From One to ThirteenDiscusses the formation of the Coloniesand the four different types of Colonies

Lesson #5: From Cities to FrontierDiscusses Daniel Boone and how the Westwas opened along with obstacles faced

Lesson #6: Toward IndependenceLesson content included the Stamp Act,Navigation Act, and the FirstContinental Congress

Lesson #7: The DeclarationCovers the events leading up toand the signing of the Declarationof Independence along with itseffect on the rest of the world

Lesson #8: The RevolutionDiscusses the significance of theAmerican Revolution, such as itsemotional victories

Lesson #9: Uncertainity After VictoaCovers the Articles of Confederation,its weaknesses and advantages

Lesson #10: The ConstituationDiscusses the problems faced in creatinga Constituation acceptable to all, thecreation of three branches of government,and the first President and his staff

Lesson #11: The Bill of RightsDiscusses the reasons the Bill of Rightswas added to the Constitution and whichof the amendments the class thinks isthe most important

Lesson #12: The Ship of State is Sailing.Covers the problems the new nation faces,along with the formation of the twoparty system

Lesson #13: Summary.The previous lessons are summarizedand the importance of knowing ourhistory better is discussed by the class

With the proper programs ready for broadcasting and all potential

enrollees contacted the first broadcast period date was set,

September 23, 1968 through December 20, 1968.

A Journal of the Appalachian Regional Commission

In Appalachia, more than any otherplace, interpersonal contacts are im-portant, for the individual's whole cul-tural background has traditionally de-manded friendship and stressed familylife over tangible or material wealth.For this reason the elderly often appeardepressed because of the Region'slimited social opportunities. This hasbecome particularly true since manyelderly now live alone in Appalach,for their progeny have abandoned ti.region to seek employment elsewhere.The elderly in large numbers thereforelive in retrospect; they have little todo with others who can stimulate theirthinking, and the future holds no chal-lenge.

Many projects are attempting tosolve this problem. Community'actionprograms for older citizens, specializedprograms for elderly persons at re-gional universities, and construction ofnursing homes are some. But the realmasses are being overlooked; manystill sit in rocking chairs in their ownliving rooms unaffected.

It is with this challenge that a newprogramto design a plan for reachinglarge numbers through radiowaslaunched last July by Morehead StateUniversity in Eastern Kentucky in co-operation with the Institute of Life-time Learning, Long Beach, California.The University and Title I of theHigher Education Act of 1965 are co-operatively funding this project.

Entitled "A Community Service andContinuing Education Project throughBroadcast Utilization," the project iscomparatively simple. Although notunique nationally, it is a new approachin the Region.

Six courses have been scheduled eachweekday afternoon between 4 and 5p.m. for 13 weeks beginning in late

September 1968

Volume 2, Number 1 September 1968

EDUCATIONAL RADIOFOR APPALACHIAN ADULTS

September over Morehead State Uni-versity's radio station, The Institute ofLifetime Learning is providing the pro-grams, along with study guides for theelderly who enroll in the courses. Eachcourse will be repeated three timesduring the duration of the project.

The six courses are: (1) "Enjoymentof Music," (2) "Who Am I?", (3)"Great Lives After 55," (4) "CreativeWriting," (5) "Everybody's Shakes-peare," and (6) "Adventures in Ma-turity." All are designed for a generaladult audience.

The program series, "Great LivesAfter 55," will help each listener real-ize life is worthwhile after 55 by fea-turing persons who have made majorcontributions to society after that age.The series, "Adventures in Maturity,"analyzes the characteristics and drivesof an adult and stimulates listeners toreview their own situation, attitudes,and goals.

Fieldworkers have been interviewingover 170 people who wish to be en-rolled in the courses, either in thehome or in group meetings, Throughthese interviews Morehead State Uni-versity, The Institute for LifetimeLearning and other cooperating groupswill combine forces to design and pro-duce other programs, which will moreaccurately meet the needs of the eld-erly in the Appalachian Region.

One writer, serving as a consultantfor the Office of Economic Oppor-tunity, has said, "What we must con-sider first is the development of thoseprograms which deal with some of theuniversal characteristics of poverty:functional illiteracy. . .lack of adequateself-image. . .the problem of indo-lence . . . the lack of motivation toaffect change."

While the project is extended to

By Donald F. Holloway

other than those in poverty, it willtake special note of age, economic,educational, and cultural differencesamong enrollees.

Interviews will also determine towhat extent the fieldworker's directcontact and the broadcast's indirectcontact may motivate an adult to im-prove his cultural and educational as-pirations. Interviews before the serieswill be compared with the results ofthe interview after the series to deter-mine behavioral change. In both cases,the enrollees will be asked about theircultural contacts, the papers, maga-zines, and books they read, the tele-vision programs they watch, the con-certs and lectures they attend, and theradio programs to which they listen.Will there be any observable change?The answer to this question will remainuntil the end of the project.

Since FM radios are not prevalentin the area, 50 radios are being pro-vided by a philanthropist who donated$1,000 for this prrpose.

There are many side effects to theproject. One is the experimentationwith communications media as a cata-lyst. Another is the cooperation ofmany people and groups throughoutthe area; 14 community groups, inaddition to governmental agencies, arehelping with the project. %. he projectfieldworkers are in contact with minis-ters, social workers, and other relatedgroups. Their support has been en-listed both in recruitment and in follow-up procedures. The director of theNortheast Kentucky Area Development

Donald F. Holloway is AssociateProfessor of Communications and Sta-tion Manager of Morehead State Uni-versity's WMKY-FM, located inEastern Kentucky.

Council, which is working with theproject, wrote, "If this demonstrationproject shows significant resultsandwe believe that it will in the Moreheadand Clearfield communitieswe wouldrecommend that a larger area be con-sidered in the future."

The effect of the project will be en-larged as the fieldworkers, the workerswith other community agencies, andthe adults who listen become involvedin the exchange of ideas among all theparticipants. This "open forum" will,it is anticipated motivate listeners "toaffect change." It may awaken new in-tellectual interests and develop a newappreciation for the Region's history,out of which a renewal of concern forthe future may grow.

These techniques are, in fact, neededthroughout Appalachia. For the sametechniques are as applicable, for exam-ple, to the Kentucky Authority forEducational Television in its service toall age groups in the Commonwealth,as they are to West Virginia orEastern Tennessee.

An even more lasting effect willresult locally from three generationsworking together. The sociology andradio-television majors who become in-volved as fieldworkers, secretaries,writers, directors, and producers willcultivate attitudes and learn principlesthat will be relevant as they later servetheir respective communities andschools. Thin, the project becomes aninput into the University.

A handicapped enrollee receives FM radio from a fieldworker.

The approach in Appalachia mustalways be to develop a project basedupon the foundations already laid with-out imposing new methods, which arenot understood within present circum-stances. This is not to say that ap-proaches proven elsewhere will not be

successful in Appalachia. It is to saythat we must go through the same dif.ficult, often painful, procedure of de-fining the needs and designing the newproject to meet these needs. Successfulprojects elsewhere can be examples andmodels upon which to build.

EDUCATIONAL TV-RADIO ORGANIZATIONSThe following organizations offer

services to individuals, groups or insti-tutions interested in developing or im-proving educational television or radiostations:

National Association of EducationalBroadcasters, 1346 Connecticut Avenue,KW., Washington, D.C. 20036. TheNAEB provides governmental liaisonto educational broadcasters, conductsresearch and development projects, andoffers technological, personnel andlegal services to members. It alsoholds instructional meetings and pro-duces publications.

An Educational Television StationsDivision offers special programmingassistance to members.

National Educational Radio, 1346Connecticut Avenue, N.W. Washington,D.C. 20036. A division of the NAEB,the NER provides a variety of pro-fessional services for educational radiostations and through a network makes

available to educational radio stationstaped programs covering a wide rangeof subjects. The programs are suppliedto commercial stations for a fee;copies may be purchased by specialinterest groups. Increasing emphasisis being placed on programming forthe disadvantaged. NER also aids in-dividuals and institutions interested inapplying for licenses for educationalradio stations and assists members inexpanding existing facilities. For furtherinformation contact: Robert A. Mott,Executive Director; for information onNER's program services, contact:Robert Underwood, NEPN, 119 Greg-ory Hall, Urbana, Illinois 61803.

Southern Educational Communica-tions Association, 928 Woodrow Street,Columbia, South Carolina 29205. SECAoffers broadcasters and educators in13 southern States (including the Appa-lachian States of West Virginia, Vir-ginia, North Carolina, South Carolina,

Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, Ten-nessee and Kentucky) an opportunityto solve regional educational broad-casting problems. SECA now servesradio and television stations, both openand closed circuit. its aim is to pro-vide the basis for interconnection ofeducational television stations in theregion and represent these stations asa network. New programs are beingdeveloped for the special interest ofthe area, and coordination of news andpublic affairs programs is being offered.

The Eastern Educational Network,575 Technology Square, Cambridge,Massachusetts, offers special programsto Northeastern States, including NewYork, 'Pennsylvania, West Virginia andVirginia within the Appalachain Region.

The Central Educational Network5400 'St. Louis Avenue, Chicago, Illi-nois 60625 serves Ohio within theAppalachain Region and other mid -western States.

Appalachia

15

Early in September, the preceding article gave the project its

first national outreach. One of the handicapped enrollees was

pictured receiving his radio.

With the preliminary work done, the first 13 'weeks broadcast

period was started on time. The major activity period was the

in-home interview in which fieldworkers visited the home of each

enrollee once per week for the purpose of establishing rapport,

tending to study needs such as offering additional library materials

and general evaluation of the enrollees progress in the terms of

enthusiasm, and actual percentage of programs to which they listened.

As can be expected this period was not without its light and

dark sides. Several of our enrollees became discouraged by the lack

of reception due to either "dead spots" in reception due to the

location of the home with regard to the topography of Eastern

Kentucky or the limited broadcast power of WMKY-FM. This is the

prime example of the need for increased wattage to improve the

Morehead State University/WMKY-FM sphere of influence in Eastern

Kentucky. As can be expected, due to the age of many of our

listeners, three died during the first broadcast period. However,

many met the program with must zeal and interest.

With the conclusion (12/20/68) of the first broadcast period,

follow-up interviews were conducted to determine the success of our

broadcasts. One outstanding example of behavioral change was

Mrs. Frances Childers who asked the fieldworker about course work

on campus. Morehead State University had just initiated a new

scholarship plan whereby anyone over 65 years of age may take university

courses without charge. Mrs. Childers became the first person to

enroll. She took a class piano course during the spring semester.

6

der-burntLOUISVILLE, KY.

Na Age Limit on Learning?

At 72, She's Going Back to SchoolSpecial to The CourierJournal

MOREHEAD, Ky. Mrs. FrancesChilders of Morehead is returning toschool after more than 50 years.

Mrs. Childers, 72, has enrolled at More-head State University as the first par-ticipant in the William M. Caudill Se-nior Citizens Fellowship Program. Theprogram allows persons over 65 to enrollfor courses at the university without pay-ing fees.

Mrs. Childers has signed up for acourse in piano, under the supervisionof Dr. Glenn Fulbright, chairman of theuniversity's department of music.

A Rowan County native, Mrs. Childers

attended Morehead Normal School andcompleted work equivalent to a first-classteachers certificate when she was 16. Shelater briefly attended Sarah College inLexington.

She took some private music lessonsseveral years ago from Mrs. Joe Phillipsof Huntington, W. Va., and Mrs. BillEmerick of Morgan County. Both teacherswere graduates of the Cincinnati Con-servatory of Music.

Mrs. Childers became interested in tak-ing music courses at the university while

101.11.11^.114,0,14

she was participating in an adult radioprogram sponsored by the universityunder Title 1 of the 1965 Higher Educa-tion Act.

"I decided to go bar':' to school as ameans of staying active, said Mrs. Chil-ders. "I can't agree with some older people who simply give up because they areold enough to retire."

Mrs. Childers said that she possibly willenroll for other courses in music, "de-pending how I progress on the firstcourse."

MRS. FRANCES CHILDERS discusses her schedule with Dr. GlennFuibright, Morehead State University music department chairman.

As was anticipated, certain improvements in presentations/

procediii-es were planned for the second broadcast period scheduled

to start February 10, 1969. These corrections/alterations

consisted of:

1. A weekly program change: Each Friday, from 4:00-

5:00, a new program entitled "Talkback: Adult Radio" was presented.

E461 week a topic of interest was presented with guest s..,,,Ekqrs

to answer questions and take phone calls from interested er,rullees/

listeners. Mr. Donald F. Holloway, Project Director, acted

program moderator. Programs and content presented were as fil-;v1s:

February 21, 1969: Social Securjy Services, featuring

Mr. Paul Borders, Social Security Office, Ashland, KenLucky. Common

problems and solutions pertaining to social security were discussed

with the'emphasis being put on services to the senior citizen.

February 28, 1969: Legal Services, featuring the Legal

Aids Staff, Northeast Area Development Council, Grayson, Kentucky.,

Problems pertaining to legal problems encountered as a result of old

age were aired.

March 7, 1969: Enrollees Comment, featuring enrollees

Mrs. Frances Childers and Mr. Jack Lewis, both of Morehead, Kentucky.

Many topics were discussed during this broadcast, such as: can one

prepai7e for retirement, how do you find the attainment of senior

citizenship different in the areas of social and cultural life, and

I;how to spend leisure time.

" March i4, 1969: The Church in Today's Society, featuring

Rev. Busby, Rev. Baldridge, and Rev. Dunaway all of Morehead, Kentucky.

The mar topic discussed during this time slot was the roll and

interaction between the senior citizen and the church, plus the

churches roll in the community.

18

March 21, 1969: County__ Health Services, featuring the

Staff of the Rowan County Health Office, Morehead, Kentucky. The

major issues discussed were the needs of the senior citizen in

specialized areas, such as diet, health facilities and location and

type of services offered in the Rowan County area.

March 28, 1969: Count' Health Services (continued).

The information concerning this topic was so vast and important that

this second meeting/broadcast was felt necessary and subsequeNtly,

scheduled.

April 4, 1969: Recreation, featuring Mr. Re:v Chaney

and Mr. George Burgess, both of the Morehead State ,Jnaversity St-A

The two topics discussed here were photography dnd recreational

possibilities for the senior citizen of Eastern Kentucky.

April 18, 1969: Aging (pre-taped). Featuring Dr.

Gregory Ziemer of the Institute of Lifetime Learning, Long Beach,

California. Such questions were explored as; is aging really

problem, who is the aging person, and your responsibility as a

senior citizen. This session was taped while Dr. Ziemer was

visiting Morehead State University as a guest speaker for the

'Conference on the Aging° held at Morehead State University,

February of 1969.

April 25, 1969:. The Lock and Dam Project, Vodle.44

!S4saLLIFia. During this program our listeners were given an insight

into what other communities in Eastern Kentucky are doing to combat

such problems as; lack of recreation, education and motivation.

May 2, 1969: The Morehead State Universit Committee

on the Awls: Our listeners, via the media of radio, sat in gin a

session of the University's Committee on the Aging to hear such

19

discussion as; what is being done in Kentucky and across the

country in the field of aging, what are the possibilities for

projects exclusively for the aging, and identification of the needs

of the senior citizen.

2. A group situation was planned in which listeners

in the Clearfield area would meet once a week for an exchange of

ideas and information. This, however, was somewhat altered,

as the Northeast Area Development Council started a program entitled

"Country Gathering" in which Senior Citizens from the Clearfield

area met once a week at the local elementary school. Upon checking

it was found that eight of our "Adult Radio" enrollees were also

involved in this "Country Gathering". Therefore, with the co-

operation of the Northeast Area Development Council co-ordinator,

we were able to observe their work with the purpose of evaluating

to what extent our "Adult Radio" project and the "Country Gathering"

project were the most active within the community and have always

been considered so by their peers. The little interaction that did

take place lead to no great results, as those non-listeners going

to the "Country Gathering" project had been previously approached

by our fieldworkers and had given a negative response. When approached

regarding enrollment for the second thirteen week broadcast period

the normal response was "I do not want to get involved." These

non-"Adult Radio" listeners were aware of their peers involvment

and indicated that they thought it was a fine thing, but just not

for them.

3. With the co-operation of the Daniel Boone

Conveselent Home Staff, FM receivers were place there with the

intent of determining to what ektent our programing would effect

20

an institutionalized group. This modification was deemed negative

as the age and physical condition of the patients did not make for

positive attitudes. Most patients were incapable of ccmprehending

the nature of the programs, and those that were mentally able to

comprehend, but physically incapacitated, were too involved with

their present condition to offer any great level of concentration.

There were two patients, however, that did enjoy the genera pro-

graming of WMKY-FM, and derived great pleasure out of what they

termed,. "good music."

With the start of the second thirteen weeks, o:Ir mmber of

enrollees had dropped from 130 to 113 due to death, enrollee drop-

outs, and elimination of completely disinterested :-vo!.ees by

project fieldworkers. This elimination was done through a series

of scales devised by the "Adult Radio" staff which measured the

degree of; interest, comprehension, and time actualy spent listening

to the program series. No listener was dropped un1ess the scale

ratings proved negative in all catagories, This rating system re-

sulted in the dropping of nine listeners.

With these modifications to our project, the second broad-

cast period was started February 10, 1969.

The second broadcast period was handled in much the same

manner as the first, with the in-home interviews and visitations

being the major undertaking. The second broadcast period ended

May 16, 1969.

With the conclusion of the second broadcast period, final

interviews were conducted with each enrollee being prompted to

complete a test on the series which interested them most The

tests used were provided by the Institute of Lifetime Learnin

21

and scored by them. Of our enrollees, 12 completed series tests for

a total of 16 for which certificates of completion were granted

jointly by the Institute of Lifetime Learning and the Association

of Retired Teachers.

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To finalize the project, a luncheon meeting was held on

July 5, 1969, in which enrollees of our "Adult Radio" project and

the "Country Gathering" met for an informal summary provided by

Donald F. Holloway, Project Director. Miss Ione Chapman,

Chairman, Committee on the Aging, explained what is being offered

through the William C. Caudill Scholarship Fund.

22

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MOREHEAD STATE UNIVERSITY

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Community gathering at Clearfield climaxing the WMKY FM AdultEducation program.

Area Residents MeetFor Recognition Program

More than 40 residents of Morel] vadand Clearfield met for a specialprogram of recognition andinformation on Saturday, July 5. Twofederally funded projects joinedefforts at the Clearfield ElementarySchool. The two projects wereCountry Gathering and Adult Radio.

Country Gathering is the weeklymeeting of elderly citizens and is aproject of Northeast Kentucky AreaDevelopment Council. Mrs. Regina

Fannin is project director. BennieBaldridge and Mae Caudill arefieldworkers in Clearfield.

Adult Radio is a project funded byTitle I of the Higher Education Act of1965 and is directed by DonHolloway through the Institute of

Public Broadcasting, Research andDevelopment at the University.Robert Kida and Cecil Wayman serveas fieldworkers for the project.

Complete Quilt

The Country Gathering group meetseach Saturday and carries on projectsof its own design before lunch isserved by members of the group. Thewomen have completed a large quiltWhich was given away at the July 4thcelebration organized by theClearfield Community ActionCommittee and the Morehead Jaycees.The quilt project brought a total of$69.25.

The men have blocks for Headstartrecreational equiiiment andconstructed sewing equipment holdersfor the women. Checkers, whittlings,and visiting are a part of the regulargroup involvement.

Program Explained

Holloway spoke to the group about"Learning by Radio." He introducedMiss Ione Chapman who explained theWilliam C. Caudill Fellowship programwhich encourages citizens 65 and overto take classes at the university. Notuition is charged. Miss Chapman ischairman of the university committeeon Ageing.

Others who attended the meetingand were served the ham dinnerprepared by Laura Caudill and Nellie

23

Baldridge were: Fannie Stewart,Maude Rigsby, Mary Dickerson, LizzieSlusher, Anna Mae Johnson, LizzieWallace, Nancy Fugate, RebeccaSmedley, Bessie Lambert, Olive Hall,Myr1 Gregory, Leslie Hall, CecilKickerson, Will Lambert,' Melvin'Smedley, Julia Webb, Vesta Hall,Debbie Kida, Linda Johnson, 'MaeFultz, Lula Lambert, Edd Lambert,Letha Hall, Virginia Colliver, ZelmaKnipp, and photographer, GeorgeStevens.

Four enrollees of the Adult RadioProject, Mrs. Zell Walter, Mrs. MaryHampton, G.C. Webb, and Bethel Hallwere present. They have participated

with the 103 residents who have beenenrolled in the six Adult Radioprogram series produced by theInstitute of .Lifetime Learning andheard on WMKY-FM.

Webb and Hall were presentedcertificates by Dr. Morris Norfleet,vice-president of Research , andDevelopment. Hall and Webb eachreceived certificates for two' series:Hall had previously received a thirdcertificate for a series to Which helistened regularly. More thanenrollees will receive certificates intheir homes this week.

24

During this meeting Dr. Morris Norfleet, Vice-President of

Research and Development formally presented "Adult Radio"

certificates of completion.

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It is interesting to note that Mr. Bethel Hall pictured above

was one of the teachers in the Cora Wilson Stewart "Moonlight School."

In 1914, he was one of the teachers honored with the excursion to

Niagra Falls. The same motivation which established the Moonlight

School was a part of the stimulation for the Adult Radio Project.

25

EVALUATION

Staff:

The staff was adequate in size but lacked in training and

preparation for such a specialized area of work with adults. The

Director could do little more than handle the financial and basic

administrative details in the release time allocated in the project.

The development of survey and research instruments were not

developed adequately due to lack of time. The major fieldworker

as a graduate student handled the routine service to the enrollees

in an excellent manner.

An undergraduate student secretary is not satisfactory

without more time for guidance from the director.

One of the two assistant fieldworkers had to be replaced in

mid-project due to graduation. Continuity became a problem with

the enrollees to which he was assigned.

While the evaluation above seems mostly negative, there is much

to be said for rapport evidenced between the fieldworkers and the

enrollees. The fieldworkers were frequently taken into the

confidence of the enrollees and asked for advice and assistance.

In several cases, we were able to refer them to the area social

security office, Northeast Area Development Council, or other

service agencies in the region.

Recruitment:

The recruitment techniques worked very successfully. We felt

that we were fortunate to enroll just over 50 percent of the

potential enrollees identified in our broadcast area.

Evaluation and Data Collection:

All data collected and reported throughout this year has been

manually compiled. This has been time consuming and does not

necessarily enhance the effectiveness of the project toward

behavioral change of the enrollee. However, the forms for the

initial interview have been redesigned to be used for keypunching

the information into Hollerith code cards. A program has been

written and it is hoped that the basic data will be availabe early

in next year's operation. This information wiil be used for

evaluation and preparation for the continuator of -che pl'ojecto

Programs:

As was anticipated, the programs were not entirely successful.

They were designed for retired teachers, business and prGfessional

people. The Talkback series met with more approved beca6se

had local interest and was more relevant to the liE,tene-s. u e

fiel'dworkers completed the evaluation of programming and It was

reported in detail in the third quarterly report. It Ald be

good to repeat only the summary in this final report. Based upon

118 final interviews, the Enjoyment of Music series was best liked

with 36 :individuals .indicating it as their first preference. When

the enrollees were asked which program they liked least, nine

answered Who Am I. It was reasoned from other conversations with

the enrollees that Who Am I became too, personal. Forty preferred

not to answer the question on which series they liked most and

ninty-two did not answer which they liked least. It becomes

evident that they prefer not to evaluate what they hear through

'direct methods. The Talkback program received more "comments on

the street" than any other.

27

Relationshi to Other Groups:

To university curriculum, the project has continued to be an

example of the type of specialized programming which is the

obligation of an educational radio station. The original proposal

grew out of a class in radio and television in education. Graduate

students conducted the pilot research project.

To the general outreach of the university, this project has

been operated more on a personal basis than any other'in the

immediate area surrounding the university. It has reached

educational and social level of this population seldom touched

in the past.

Due to the impact in local papers and among the university

staff, the director for the project has served on the Committee

for the Aging, the Adult Basic Education Demonstration Center

University Advisory Committee, and the Conference on the Aging.

This project has not added greatly to the budget in any area

of the university. It has, however, been a part of the total

impact resulting in the Institute for the Aging. The operation

of the radio station has taken on a greater scope of operation

and has been removed from the Division of Communications and placed

under Research and Development as the Institute of Public Broadcasting.

The relationship to the Institute of Lifetime Learning and to

Northeast Area Development Council has been described in detail

in the project. One additional note should be made concerning the

program materials from the Institute of Lifetime Learning. They

provided a study guide for each program series. They were slick

printed booklets printed in three colors. The priryt was large

and easy for elderly people to read.

28

RECOMMENDATIONS

Advisory Council:

is recommended that an advisory council be established

among those enrolled this first year. It'should be composed

of individuals selected from retired teachers, retired businessmen,

and retired professional persons. It should include at least two

individuals who have not completed a high school education. In

addition, it should include representatives from the other agencies

working with this age group: Committee on Aging, Adult Basic

Education Demonstration Center, and Northeast Area Development Council.

Fieldworkers:

It is recommended that a graduate student co-ordinate the

fieldwork and that the undergraduate students be eliminated from

the project. The actual contact should be made by Northeast Area

Development Council, "Country Gathering" fieldworkers. They are

residents in the community and already have the rapport with the

potential enrollees.

Area Served:

It.is recommended that a larger area be served through inter-

connection with area commercial stations. It is also urged that

WMKY-FM Ae increased in power and/or coverage before the next

broadcast series is presented.

Secretary.:

It is suggested that a secretary be provided more regularly for

the project. It is imperative that records be developed more

completely to allow for more detailed and complete statistical

29

reporting that was possible in this project. Expanded secretarial

services will increase the efficiency by allowing contact by

telehpne.

Dot, Collection:

It is recommended that all basic information including mailing

fr

lists be taken on forms designed for eventual keypunching and

storage on the computer. Routing handling of details such as the

repetitive task of addressing weekly mailings be done by the data

processing center.

Research Design:

The research design must be improved to reflect more the

behavioral or psychological effect upon the enrollees. The staff

must be better trained in behavioral objectives and seminars

must be held with all fieldworkers. This will become another

reinforcement to Northeast Area Development Council. The project

and the research design should be closely related to the work of the

graduates students in the course entitled, Radio and Television in

Education.

Programming:

The last and most important recommendation is that programs

developed specifically for the Appalachian Adult be produced and

presented as a part of the project. The Advisory Council should

be carefully consulted and the decisions should reinforce but not

dulplicate the work of all the other groups represented in the

council. The radio must be discovered by each group as an important

means of contact and influence.

30

If you have read all of this report, there is one thing which

we could not include in words and figures. It is the joy of two

people as they meet and talk. This project was in many cases the

stimulus for such an exchange of ideas.

DEMOGRAPHIC DATA

1. Total number of participants:

2. Demographic data on participants:

A. Males

1. Number by age group:

a.

b.

c.

d.

under 2121-3536-55over 55

2. Number by educational level:

a. 8th grade or lessb. high schoolc. colleged. advance studye. no answer

B. Females

1. Number by age group:

a.

b.

c.

d.

under 2121-3536-55over 55

2. Number by educational level:

a. 8th grade or lessb. high schoolc. colleged. advance studye. no answer

TOTAL

TOTAL

TOTAL

31

129

10

Ti

I

25

104

45

7.17"."."1"

TOTAL 104

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