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REVISED ENVIRONMENTAL SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT

ON

DETAILED ENGINEERING DESIGN, SAFEGUARD STUDIES, ESIA AND

PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENT FOR PRIORITIZED ROADS IN NIGER STATE,

NIGERIA.

Prepared by:

AFKON ASSOCIATES 19, Bode Thomas Road Onipanu, Lagos.JUNE, 2012.

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E1965 v8

ABBREVIATION AND ACRONYMSARAP - Abbreviate Resettlement Action PlanADB - African Development BankAFD - Agence Francaise de Development (Franch Development

Agency)BOT - Build Operate and TransferBEME - Bill of Engineering MeasurementCAS - Country Assistance StrategyCPS - Country Partnership StrategyCBA - Cost Benefit AnalysisCFAA - Country Financial Accountability AssessmentCLA - Central Licensing AuthorityCMT - Corporate Management TeamCPAR - Country Procurement Assessment ReportCY - Calendar YearDFRRI - Directorate of Foods Roads and Rural InfrastructureEA - Environmental AssessmentESIA - Environmental and Social Impact AssessmentESMF - Environment and Social Management FrameworkEMP - Environmental Management PlanERR - Economic Rate of ReturnEPA - Environmental Protection ActFGN - Federal Government of NigeriaFMARD - Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural DevelopmentFPMU - Federal Project Management UnitFERMA - Federal Roads Maintenance AgencyFME - Federal Ministry of EnvironmentFMW - Federal Ministry of WorksFR - Financial RegulationsFRR - Financial Rate of ReturnGDP - Gross Domestic ProductGIS - Geographical Information System

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

List of Tables and Figures Pages

Table I -Prioritized Roads 12Figure I - Project Categorization 17Table II -Prioritized Roads / GPS 25Figure II - Rainfall 30Figure II - Temperature 31Table III - Samples of Soil and Water Analysis 33 - 38Figure III - Noise 39Table IV - Criteria for Road Evaluation 40Table V - Summary of Potential Environmental Impact 43 - 58

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 6 -12

AcronymsIntroduction 8Key PoliciesThe Proponent (FMARD) 11Prioritized Roads in Niger State 12Chapter one 1.0 Introduction 13

1.1 Administration Framework 131.2 Relevant Regulatory Instrument 131.3 Federal Policy / Legislation 131.4 Environmental Impact Assessment EIA ACTS 86 14.1.5 Forestry Law Cap 55, 1994 141.6 Regulatory Gazetted as Supplementary to NESREA 141.7 State Legislations 151.8 Applicable International Legal and Administrative Instruments, 16 1.9 Land Use Act 181.10 World Bank’s Safeguard Policies 19

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Chapter Two

2.0 The design and design alternatives. 202.1 The 1st Alternative. 202.2 The 2nd Alternative. 202.3 The 3rd Alternative. 202.4 Recommended Aternative 20

Chapter Three3.0 Description of Proposed Project and Justification 213.1 The Need for RAMP II in Niger State 213.2 Objectives 213.3 Project Coverage Area 213.4 Objectives and Scope of the ESIA 213.5 Reporting 233.6 The Project 243.7 Prioritized Roads / GPS 243.8 Existing Road Features 25

Chapter Four4.0 Description of the Project Environment and Social Context 264.1 Description of Baseline Conditions 274.2 Baseline Environmental and Socio-Economic Condition. 274.2.1 Geographical Background 284.2.2 Weather and Climate 284.2.3 Rainfall 294.2.4 Temperature 304.3 Wind Speed and Direction 324.4 Relative Humility 324.5 Soil Composition 324.6 Water Resource 324.7 Samples of Soil and Water Analysis 33

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4.8 Noise Level 394.9 Criteria Identified for Evaluation and Ranking 404.10 Criteria Justification 404.11 Summary of Potential Environmental Impact

43-584.12 Summary of Environmental and Socio- Economic Impact Assessment594. A Physical Environment 594. B Biological Environment 604. C Socio-Economic Environment 604.13 Socio-Economy Survey 614.14 Meetings with the PAP Summary 65

Chapter Five5.0 Potential Impacts of the Proposal Projects 70

Chapter Six6.0 Environmental and Social Management Plan 726.01 Mitigation Measures 736.02 ESMP and PAP 746.03 World Bank’s OP4.12 Guidelines 766.04 Entitlement Matrix 776.05 PAP Classification 786.06 ESMP Costing 79

Chapter Seven7.0 Summary of Recommendations. 81

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARYESIA FOR DETAILED ENGINEERING SAFEGUARDS STUDIES AND PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS FOR PRIORITIZED ROADS IN NIGER STATE. (RAMP II).

This is an interim Environmental and Social impact report for the detailed Engineering, safeguards studies and preparation of Bidding Documents for prioritized Roads in Niger State.

After the Inception Report, various field works were carried out to ascertain the environmental setting in the Project Area. At this interim stage of the project, the purpose of ESIA is to gather enough information on the Environment in the project Area such that we can be in position to raise an early signal if the project proposal will have adverse effect on Environment in the Project Area.

The objective of the project is to facilitate easy access to Socio-Economic Environment, Biological Environment, easy access to Institution e.g. School, Health centre’s, access to farms and sustainable transportation system.

Consultation with the necessary stakeholders including the communities in the Project Area was carried out. An interaction with the communities on a project like this is however a continuous exercise throughout the project gestation period. .

All available literature and data were collected and reviewed, this in conjunction with our field work and consultation at the community level formed the bases for the ensuing screening of the impact of the project on the immediate environment of the project area.

PROJECT ESTIMATED COST

1. Kabo- Diko-Tafa N226,644,863 - 23km

2. Sabonwuse-Ijahgwari N86,417,487 - 8km

3. Suleja- Abuchi N256,336,753 - 21km

4. Wuya- Suman-Lemu N316,572,282 - 30km5. Enagi-Guzan N119,836,182 - 11km

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6. Mokwa-Jaagi-Kudu N331,521,750 - 43.8km

7. Wawa-Malale N151,437,312 - 22km

8. Aunu-Tungajinka Shafini N559,303,122 - 36km

The fieldwork and consultation covered the Area of influence of the listed Roads.

S/N Road No Road Length1. 19 Kabo-Diko- Tafa 24km2. 18 Sabonwuse-Ijahgwari 8km3. 11 Suleja-Abuchi 5km4. 16 Wuya-Suman-Lemu 35km5. 10 Enagi-Guzan 15KM6. 4 Mokwa-Jaagi-Kudu 44km7. 9 Aunu-Tungajika- Shafini 32km8. 3 Wawa-Malale 23kmTotal 186km

The project falls into category B on the World Bank classification of the likelihood impact of the project on the Environment or category II classification by the Federal Ministry of Environment. Category B projects are projects with very little adverse impact on its immediate environment and for which such impacts are completely reversible.

Our environmental screening, studies and consultation confirmed above and further indicated that the project shall be of immense benefit, not only to the communities along the project routes but also to all the communities in its area of influence.

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We from the Environmental point of view will therefore entertain no fear in recommending that the project should proceed.

BACKGROUND AND INTRODUCTION

1). Nigeria is a Federal country with a high dependence on the Oil sector. The Federal Republic of Nigeria comprises thirty-six states and one Federal Capital Territory Sorted out in six geopolitical Zones. With an estimated population of 167 million, Nigeria is the most populous Country in Africa and the seventh most populous in the world. With an estimated Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of US $1,541 per Capital in 2011, Nigeria could now be considered a lower middle income country. A decade ago, per Capital GDP was about US $ 300. However, poverty remains a major challenge with more than half of the total population earning less than US $ 1.25 A DAY. The Nigeria economy is heavily dependent on the oil sector which accounts for 40 percent of GDP and 80% percent of Government earnings. Nigeria is the 12th largest oil producer in the world, the 8th

largest oil exporter and has the 1oth largest proven oil reserves.

2). Achieving the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) in Nigeria will require a special focus on rural poverty particularly through out the whole country, as well as significant growth and productivity gains outside the oil sector. It is currently not very certain if Nigeria will meet the set goals of the Millennium Development Goals. In 2008, the poverty rate achieved was 54 percent compared to an objective of 31 percent in 2015. Poverty is particularly acute in rural Nigeria: more than half of the population (54 percent) live in the country side and 63 percent of that population earns a daily income which is below the poverty line. It can be inferred that almost two thirds of the Nigerian poor live in rural areas. A significant difference can also be observed between the north and the south, as well as a large heterogeneity across states: over 75 percent of agricultural households in the north are poor while the south-south geopolitical zone is just fairing a bit better, with Enugu 59 percent having the highest rate

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for the south. The poorest Nigeria State, Jigawa has a poverty rate of 91 percent compared to only 21 percent for Oyo which has the lowest poverty rate.

3). Agriculture – mostly subsistence-oriented, remains the backbone of Nigeria’s rural economy. Although the Country is mostly known for being the biggest oil exporter in Africa, in 2009 yet Agriculture represented about the same share as the oil sector in the Nigerian economy (about 40 percent of GDP). Agriculture employs the bulk of the labour force, with about 60% working in this sector. It is even as high as 90% in the Rural Areas. In the sixties, Nigeria was the world’s largest exporter of groundnuts, cocoa and palm oil and a significant producer of coconuts, citrus fruits, corn, millet, cassava, yams and sugar cane. However, due to the oil boom which shifted Government attention from Agriculture and low productivity, many small farmers are today still heavily relying on subsistence agriculture to survive. A modernization of the sector is needed, with the provision of incentives and means for farmers to adopt better- technology, scale up from subsistence to commercial agriculture, encourage Public-Private Partnerships (PPP) in irrigation, and Investment in related infrastructure, particularly roads and power.

4). Lack of accessibility- caused by highly deteriorated infrastructure contributed majorly to rural poverty and poor agricultural productivity. In 2007, it was estimated that less than half of the rural population lived less than 4km away from an all-weather road (rural accessibility index 47percent). Due to the lack of good and properly maintained infrastructure, about 30 million Nigerians currently live in near isolation and lack access to income – generating opportunities and social services. Out of the country’s 160,000 km of primary, secondary and tertiary Roads, less than 10-15 percent can be considered in good condition. Deteriorated Roads increase transport costs via high vehicle operation cost, which in turn affects access to markets and services, ultimately resulting in lower productivity. As a result of isolation, insufficient connectivity and high transport costs, farmers have difficulties sourcing and transporting key inputs (like seeds or fertilizers) to their farms and evacuating their products to the local and regional markets. A significant part of perishable products are lost or damaged in transit. In rural Nigeria, it is estimated that poor transport infrastructure is responsible for 15-20

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percent of the agriculture production not reaching market. Lack of access also affects human capital, as poor households cannot send their children to local schools nor access social services provided in health or community centers.

5). The ambitious “Nigeria Agriculture Transformation Agenda” (NATA) is being designed by the Federal Government in order to boost the competitiveness of selective high value crops. NATA is focusing on the promotion of a few high- value crops such as rice, cassava, sorghum, palm oil, cocoa, aquaculture and livestock.

Key policies are aimed at:

i. Reforming the fertilizer subsidy program in order to broaden its reach and to make it more efficient and business-oriented;

ii. Improving the agriculture investment framework in particular through the development of seventeen staple cross processing zones (SCPZs)

iii. Improving the marketing of agricultural products; and iv. Improving the institutional framework.

In order to achieve effective implementation of above programme, a sporadic increase in the infrastructure stork (primary, secondary and tertiary) is greatly required to enable connectivity between production areas, processing zones and the markets. The World Bank has been actively partnering with FMA & RD to provide support in finalizing the design of the NATA and to assist in its implementation- while RAMP-2 is focusing exclusively on the issue of improving access in selected Nigerian states, the proposed project is closely coordinated and fully aligned with the other World Bank projects under implementation or preparation in the agriculture section. A multi-sector World Bank team has been constituted in order to handle the strategic dialogue in the agriculture sector and to support the Government’s agenda in the most effective way.

Nigeria has a total road network consisting of about 194,000km of roads, out of which 32100km Federal Roads are linking state capitals and major

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cities, 30900km are State Roads while the bulk (132000km) belongs to the local Government and the Rural Communities. While the bulk of the Federal allocation goes to the federal and State government, only a paltry sum is allocated to the Local Government making them completely incapable of executing any major Road construction nor maintenance activities.

This in no small measure contributed to the poor condition of the Rural Roads, making rural mobility from one place to the other very expensive.The purpose of good road network in the rural sector is to access basic daily necessities such as cottage industries, marriage ceremonies, education and health facilities, funeral, social engagement, animal grazing, potable water, farm resources.

According to our reconnaissance survey carried out, we discovered that about 99% of these rural roads are in deplorable condition and highly impassable in some area due to collapsed of existing culverts where it is in existence. In some cases, communities are connected by Timber bridges.

During rainy season, the entire settlements are cut off because of the poor condition of these rural roads network.

The Nigeria Development sector strategy (2001) confirmed that the rural sector is central to Nigeria’s development strategy. The development of the Nigeria Rural Development Strategy was complemented by a similar effort to develop policies and strategies to remove constraints, hardship poverty imposed by inadequate access and mobility to rural areas.

V Proponent (FMARD)

In view of the above scenario, the Federal Government of Nigeria (FGN) having realized that rural infrastructural development is the key to rural economy development and by extension, of the Nation; prepared the National Rural Travel and Transport Programme (NRTTP) as an integral part of National Transportation Policy. The Federal Ministry of Agriculture through the Federal project management unit (FPMU) and Rural Access

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and Mobility Project are the implementation organs. The Federal Government of Nigeria (FGN) through the Federal Ministry of Finance sought the assistance of World Bank and the FDA as Major Donor to meet the funding of the implementation of (RTTP) on a short term basis.

The RTTP focuses on road network that gives access to easy circulation within the earmarked geographical spread for improvement and rehabilitation and maintenance within the next four years. This effort would provide for the required support to achieve a sustainable rural development on a long term basis.A prioritization exercise was carried out to select states and Roads within selected States to benefit from this programme based on the success of RAMP1 and lesson learnt in Kaduna State. Niger State came out as one of the selected four States and the list of Roads prioritized in Niger State are as in Table 1.1

VI RAMP II

The Rural Access Mobility Project (RAMP) will support this initiative through long term performance based on awards of contracts including both rehabilitation improvement and maintenance activities. In compliance with the Federal State Laws of Nigeria and the World Bank’s safeguard policies, an Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) had been prepared for Niger State under (RAMPII) in consonance with the requirement of National requirements of Nigeria for EIA studies.

The objective of ESIA is to assess the anticipated environmental and social impacts / Benefits during design, construction and operational phases of the project roads under RAMPII in Niger State. Mitigation measures and management plan shall be evolved as per the identified environmental / social impacts and benefits.

TABLE 1.1RAMP II

Roads Details of Prioritized Roads in Niger State

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Cluster Name of Cluster No of Road section

Total length of Roads

Road Type

1 Wuya-Suman-lemu Road 16

Enagi-Guzan Road 10

Mokwa-Jaagi-Kudu

3 40km15km26km81km

EarthEarthEarth

2

Kabo-Diko- Tafa. Rd 19

Sabonwuse-Ijah gwari Rd. 18

Suleja-Abuchi- Izom Rd.11

3 28km15km21km64km

EarthEarthEarth

3 Auna-Tungajinka-Shaffini Rd. 9

Wawa-Malale Rd. 3

2 32km23km55km

EarthEarth

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CHAPTER ONE

POLICY AND REGULATORY FRAME WORK1.0 INTRODUCTION

Among the existing pieces of legislations there are a number of national and international environmental guidelines applicable to the RAMP II project. These are highlighted in this section.

1.1 ADMINISTRATION FRAMEWORKIn Nigeria, the power of regulation of all environment matters is vested in the Federal Ministry of Environment (FMENV), which was formerly Federal Environmental Protection Agency (FEPA) set up by Act 88, of 1988.

Nigeria subscribes to a number of international regulations and conventions relating to environmental protection.

International Development Partners/ Agencies such as World Bank and other financial organizations interested in development projects have sets of environmental categorizations, assessments and management standards, which must be complied with by project proponents before these institutions invest in them.

1.2 RELEVANT REGULATORY INSTRUMENTSDuty and responsibility for environmental protection and management related to projects in various sectors of Nigerian economy are mandated under:

Current Federal, state and Local and relevant acts, rules, regulations and standards, and the common law of the Federal Republic of Nigeria ( FRN)

International environmental agreements and treaties ratified by the Federal Republic of Nigeria.

World Bank Policies

Below, an outline of some of the relevant regulatory instruments to this EIA is given as they relate to the Federal, State and International arenas.

1.3 FEDERAL POLICY/ LEGISLATION

National Policy of Environment, 1989 (revised 1999) the thrust of the policy is the achievement of sustainable development in Nigeria.

In the policy, guidelines and strategies are defined for securing for all Nigerians a quality of environment adequate for their health and well-being; conserving and using the natural resource for the benefit of present and future generations; raising public awareness and promotion

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understanding of the essential linkages between the environment, resources and development; and cooperation with other countries, international organizations and agencies to achieve optimal use of trans-boundary resources in order to preserve environmental resources.

1.4 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (EIA) ACTS 86, CAPE 12 LFN 2004.

* Deals with the considerations of environmental impact in respect of public and private projects.

SECTION 2 (1) requires an assessment of public or private project likely to have a significant (negative) impact on the environment.

SECTION 2 (4) requires an application in writing to the Agency before embarking on projects for their environmental assessment to determine approval.

SECTION 13 establishes cases where an EIA is required and SECTION 6 creates a legal liability for contravention of any provision.

1.5 FORESTRY LAW CAP 55, 1994.

* Prohibits any act that may lead to the destruction of or cause injury to any forest product, forest growth or forestry property in Nigeria.

* Prescribes the administrative framework for the management, utilization and protection of forestry resources in Nigeria.

1.6 REGULATIONS GAZETTED AS SUPPLEMENTARY TO NESREA ACT

* National Environmental (Soil Erosion and Flood Control) regulations, S.I. No. 12 of 2011

* National Environmental (Surface and Ground Water Quality Control) regulations, S.I. No. 22 of 2011.

* National Environmental (Protection of wetlands, River Banks and Lake Shores) Regulations, S.I. No. 26 of 2009.

* National Environmental (Watershed, Mountainous, Hilly and Catchment Areas Protection) Regulations, S.I. No. 27 of 2009.

* National Environmental (Sanitation and Wastes Control) Regulations, S.I. No. 28 of 2009.

* National Environmental (Noise Standards and Control) Regulations, S.I. No. 35 of 2009.

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* National Environmental (Control of Bush/ Forest fire and open Burning) Regulations, S.I. No. 19 of 2011.

* National Environmental (Protection of endangered species in International Trade) Regulations, S.I. No. 16 of 2011.

* National Environmental (Construction Sector) Regulations, S.I. No. 19 of 2011.

1.7 STATE LEGISLATIONS

In order to protect public health and safety, and to restore and enhance environmental quality and sustain economic vitality through effective and efficient implementation of Environmental Programmes, each State in Nigeria has state ministries / EPA.

Inter alia, these are empowered by the respective state government to give direction to all issues concerning the environment, monitor and control pollution and the disposal of solid, gaseous and liquid wastes generated by various facilities in the states.

Some of their functions include:

(i) Liaising with the Federal Ministry of Environment, (FMENV) to achieve a health or better management of the environment via development of national policy on environment.

(ii) Co-operating with FMENV and other National Directorates / Agencies in the performance of environmental functions including environmental education / awareness to the citizenry.

(iii) Responsibility for monitoring waste management standards

(iv) Responsibility for general environmental matters in the state, and

(v) Monitoring the implementation of EIA studies and other environmental studies for all development projects in the state.

Generally, state laws on environment are still in the evolving stages. Specifically, for EA, the states rely on that of the Federal Government, the EIA ACT 86.

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1.8 APPLICABLE INTERNATIONAL LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE INSTRUMENTS

Some of the relevant international instruments to which Nigeria is a signatory include:

* Convention concerning the protection of the World cultural and natural Heritage sites (World Heritage Convention) 1975.

* United Nations Framework Convention on climate change (1992)

* African Convention on the conservation of nature and natural resources (1969)

* Convention on the conservation of migratory species of wild animals (1979)

* Agenda 21- United Nations Conference on Environment and development.

Relevant good practice guidelines/ policies in line with the World Bank process shall be applied. This is more so since the proposed project is co-sponsored by the World Bank.

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Category 1- A Agriculture / Agro Allied Fisheries Forestry Industries (Manufacturing) Food, Beverages and Tobacco Processing: Infrastructure

- Hospital with outfall into beach fronts- Medium and heavy industrial estate Covering 50 Ha or more;-Expressways and National Highways- New Township

Ports Housing Airport Drainage and Irrigation Railways Transportation (Mass Rapid Transport

Projects) Resort and Recreation Development Power Generation Petroleum Mining Queries Waste Treatment and Disposal Water Supply Land reclamation Brewery

Category II – BAgriculture and Rural Development

Any reforestation / a forestation projects;

Small scale irrigation and drainage; Small scale aquaculture/ Mari

culture; Saw milling wood logging; Rubber processing Any fish processing Any other Agro allied industry

Industry and Infrastructure Mini hydro power development; Any small scale industry

development; Small scale power transmission; Any renewable energy development; Telecommunication facilities Rural water supply and sanitation Public facilities (school, hospitals

and housing) etc. Small scale development of

petroleum or related facilities; Road rehabilitation

Category III- CENVIRONMENTAL SENSITIVE AREAS

Coral Reefs;Mangrove SwampsSmall IslandsTropical RainforestAreas with erosion prone soils e.g. mountain soils;

Areas prone with desertification ( semiarid zone);

Natural Conservation Area;Wetlands of national and international importance;

Area which harbor protected and or endangered species;

Areas of unique scenery;Areas of particular scientific interest;Areas of historic or archaeological interest

Areas of importance to threatened ethnic groups.

If the project located or close to

Then

But if the project involves

Category IV-D

Institutional Development Health Program; Family Planning Program; Nutritional Program Educational Program; Environmental Awareness

Figure 1 Project Categorization

1.9 LAND USE ACTThe legal basis for land acquisition and resettlement in Nigeria is the Land Use Act 1978 and modified in 1990. The following are selected relevant sections.

SECTION 1: Subject to the provision of this Act, all land comprised in the territory of each state in the federation are hereby rested in the Governor of each state and such land shall be held in trust and administered for the use and common benefit of all Nigerians in accordance with the provisions of this Act.

SECTION 2: All land in urban areas shall be under the control and management of the Governor of each state; and (b) all other land shall be under the control and management of the local Government within the area of jurisdiction in which the land is situated.

Therefore, according to the Land Use Act, all land in Nigeria is vested in the Governor of each state, and shall be held in trust for the use and common benefit of all people. The administration of land area is divided into urban land, which will be under the control and management of the Governor of each state; and non-urban land, which will be under the control and management of the local Government. The Governor of each state will have the right to grant statutory rights of occupancy to any person or any purpose, and the local Government will have the right to grant customary rights of occupancy to any person or organization for agricultural residential and other purposes.

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1.10 WORLD BANK’S SAFEGUARD POLICIES

S/NO Operational Policies Status of Triggering Rational

I. OP.4.01

Environmental Assessment

Triggered Moderate Impacts

II. OP.4.04

Natural Habitants

Triggered Moderate Impacts

III. OP.4-09

Pest Management

Not Triggered N/A

IV. OP.4-11

Physical Culture Resources

Triggered Potential Impacts on Cultural Resources

V. OP.4-36 Forest Not Triggered N/A

VI. OP.4-37

Safety of Dams

Not Triggered N/A

VII. OP.4-10

Indigenous People

Not Triggered N/A

VIII. OP.4-12

Involuntary Resettlement

Triggered Potential Social Impacts

IX. OP.7-50

International Waterways

Not Triggered N/A

X. OP.7-60

Disputed Area

Not Triggered N/A

XI. Access to Ibformation Policy

Triggered Policy Requirement

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CHAPTER TWO

2 The design Alternatives:

In consonance with the Terms of Reference, only Earth Road design options were considered with different maintenance strategies.

Serviceability of Earth Roads depends to a very large extent on the level of maintenance accorded the Road during its service years and beyond. It also depends on the capacity of the Road Agencies to keep funding and managing the required maintenance exercise. There is the growing initiative that the maintenance of these earth Roads be community based. This is a major shift from the traditional mode whereby the Road Agencies (Federal/Donors, State or Local Government) alone is responsible for the maintenance of these Roads.The implication is that the community which is the beneficiary will now participate actively in the maintenance activities. This no doubt calls for capacity building both at this level and the Road Agency level.The road maintenance activities that were considered along with the design options can be divided into three basic maintenance activities, namely (1) The Routine Maintenance (2) The recurrent Maintenance and (3) The Periodic maintenance. The design options considered had been mainly on the Road pavement design as the Road alignment had been taken to closely follow the existing alignment within the corridor and as a result there is no realignment of the route. Three design alternatives were considered and these are: Earth Road, Earth Road with Soil Aggregate surfacing and Earth Road with dust Palliatives.

2.1 The 1st Design alternative:This is an Earth Road with 150mm thick lateritic sub base and 150mm thick lateritic base with a maintenance schedule of grading wetting and rolling twice a year in addition to the regular routine maintenance. It is expected that the 1st grading will be before the beginning of the raining season while the 2nd Grading will be at the end of the raining season. The routine maintenance on the other hand shall consist of cleaning of Drains, cutting grass on the verge and slopes of embankment, desilting of culverts, filling of minor pot holes and wetting of the Road to abate dust.

2.2 The 2nd Design alternative:

The 2nd alternative is also an earth Road with 300mm thick lateritic pavement but with the top 50mm consisting of well compacted and graded Soil Aggregate. The maintenance schedule shall consist of regular routine maintenance, grading, wetting and rolling once in a year.

2.3 The 3rd Design alternative:

This is also an Earth Road with 300mm thick lateritic pavement but with the top 25mm layer impregnated with dust Palliatives. The maintenance schedule shall include regular routine maintenance, grading wetting and rolling, including replacement of the palliatives every year.

2.4 Recommendation:An economic analysis of the three design alternatives had been carried out and on the basis of

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this analysis, the 2nd design alternative had been recommended for the project.

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CHAPTER THREE

Description of Proposed Project and Justification

3.0 The Need for Ramp2 in Niger state

JustificationThe existing condition of the above mentioned roads are in deplorable state which makes transportation highly difficult for the communities settlers.The road width measurement on these roads varies from one point to the other that is 4.0 metres to 8. 0 metres (width of road) due to encroachment of bush, and washing off of surface soil due to erosion in places where measurement is low. These roads serve as the major economic carriage way of the rural settlers to have access to Local Market, Farm, Education and Health facilities. The improvement of these prioritized roads is required to reduce vehicle operating cost and enhance the socio economy status of the rural communities in the area of influence of the Roads.

3.1 OBJECTIVES

ESIA Rural/Feeder

Generally, Roads upgrading/ rehabilitation and maintenance may have certain triggers of the following operational policies of World Bank.

Environmental Assessment (OP.401 and BP. 4.01) Involuntary Resettlement (OP/BP/412)

In view of the aforementioned, FEPA, by decree N0 58 of 1988 was created by the military government of Nigeria and formalized its functions by degree No 59 in 1992. These two documents are known as Federal Environmental Protection Agency Act and demands all development project under the categories must be accompanied by ESIA.

3.2 Project Coverage Area

The project is located in Niger State, Nigeria. The state shares boundaries with the Federal Capital Territory Abuja and Kaduna state to the south east and east respectively Kebbi and Zamfara states to the North, Kwara and Kogi States to the south and Benin Republic in the east.

The existing width of the Roads in the three clusters ranges from 4.0 to 6.0 metres.

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The proposed right of way (Row) is put at 9.0metres in width in the country and 6.0m within the villages. Efforts will be gain towards identification of physical sociological and social protected areas in order not to tamper with it. The project map is presented in fig. 2.1.

3.3 Objectives and scope of the ESIA study

The objective of ESIA report is to identify the potential environmental and social impacts of the proposed project, measures and formulate strategies to avoid/mitigate the negative impacts and enhance the positive impacts. The scope of work to accomplish the above objective, comprise the following.

Understanding baseline environmental conditions in the study area. Identification of the potential environmental impact due to proposed

project activity; Recommending appropriate mitigation measures to avoid/minimize the

negative environment and social impacts; Assessment of possible environmental and social benefits from the

project; Preparation of a management plan and administrative framework to

minimize the negative impacts; and, Preparation of a monitoring and evaluation (M & E) program to monitor

the negative and positive impact on the baseline Environment condition as well as on the overall socio-economic structures of the project study area during construction and operational phase of the project.

3.4 ReportingThe scope for preparation of the ESIA report includes screening, impact assessment and management plans towards minimizing the possible environmental and social impacts for the entire project road as required. The ESIA report also includes development of a comprehensive environmental and social management plan and administrative frame work.The current screening exercise determines the extent of the baseline study requirement, while the draft final will give details of necessary in-depth baseline study, additional public consultation and feedback.

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locations of these Roads are marked out in the Location Map below.2.

Map of Clusters 1, 2, &3Niger State Ramp II

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3.5 The Project

The prioritized roads which fall across the following L.G.A of Niger State are considered for improvement under RAMP II.

S/N L.G.A ROUTE DISTANCE

1. Gbako Wuya-Suman-Lemu

4okm

2. Edati Enagi-Guzan 15km

3. Mokwa Mokwa-Jaagi-Kudu

26km

4. Gurara Diko-Kabo-Tafa 28km

5. Tafa Sabonwuse-Ijah gwari

15km

6. Emirate Suleja Suleja-Abuchi-Izom

21km

7. Magama Auna-Tingajunga-Shaffini

50km

8. Borgu Wawa-Malale 23km

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TABLE II

3.6 Prioritized Rural Roads for RAMP in Niger State

S/N LGA Route/Site GPS Co-ordinates

(start)

GPS Co-ordinates(end)

Distance Type of

Surface

Easting

Northing

Easting Northing

Km From

1. Borgu Wawa-Malale

0654760

1095344 0663985

1113859 23 Wawa Earth

2. Mokwa Mokwa-Jaagi-Kudu

0726433

1028011 0757893

1025173 26.5 Mokwa Earth

3. Magama Auna-Tungajinka-

Shafini

0688508

1126879 0691986

1094131 50 Auna Earth

4. Edati Enagi-Guzan

0779965

1009864 0778634

0995874 15 Guzan Surfaced

dressed/

Earth5. Gbako Wuya

Suman-Lemu

0815203

1011784 0173619

1035903 40 Wuya-Suman

Earth

6. Tafa Sabon-Wuse-

Ijahgwari

305860 1028741 311021 1022191 15 Wuse Earth

7. Gurara Kabo-Diko-Tafa

303363 1025492 299991 1040505 28 Kabo Earth

8. Suleja Abuchi-Suleja

299530 1015541 299530 1015541 5 Suleja Earth

Total 202.5

3.7 Existing Road Features

* Terrain :

The existing terrain is flat plain and rocky. There are some horizontal and vertical curves along the project roads. Steep gradient was identified on Suleja Abuchi Road while steep valley was also identified along Abuchi and Izom in the Emirate of Suleja Local Government Area.

* Settlements:

Some of the Settlement areas are mostly rural such as: Tesemasuko, Gwaban, Essam, Patita, Gbodoti, Gbadafu, Eppa, Knanyigma, Iwa, Sulu, Chimbi, Nyajuva, etc.

* Carriage Way and (ROW):

27

The existing road width of the study area varies from 5.0 metres to 6.0 metres. The Row has been defined by the existing alignment.

* Pavement or Road Surface:As at the time of our visit, the road surface was eroded which rendered transportation and accessibility very difficult.

* Drainage: The general condition of drainage system is very poor, blocked or silted, eroded by erosion.

* Land Use: The general land use of the study area is residential and Agriculture.

3.8 Traffic: The traffic surveys that were carried out showed that low traffic volume of less than 100 vpd were recorded and mostly motorcycle.

3.9 Proposed Road Features:

The proposed road alignment is put at 6.0metres wide and the following components were designed according to specification.

3.10 Shoulder: width- 1.0 metre with a 4% camber to facilitate drainage of carriageway

3.11 Design Speed: The designed speed is put at 50km/hr.

3.12 Geometric Design Aspects: All geometric design parameters had been designed as per the Terms of Reference (TOR) and relevant Federal Ministry of Works Highway Manual 2006 revised edition.

28

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0 Description of the Project Environment and Social Context

4.1 Description of Baseline Conditions: This aspect of the project was carried out in line with the World Bank policies and FEPA act of Nigeria. The study includes: screening, consultation and disclosure

Step I Reconnaissance survey was carried out between 16th February, 18th

February 2012 and 14th March 2012 by the consultant and state SPIU.The FMOE was also contacted to know the existing relevant section of its policy and legal framework as ESIA is concerned in Niger State.Step IIThe following matters were discussed: ESIA process in Nigeria Whether the rural road development requires detailed EIA study in

Nigeria - Issue of protected area such as (PCR), National park, forest reserve in

the study area were also discussed- And project implementation framework.Step III

4.1 Site/Field worksField survey was carried out in all the two hundred kilometers prioritized roads under RAMP II in Niger State. The field survey covered the three clusters as earlier listed in this report.

Study of the roads alignment to identified critical road sections such as steep terrain carried out. The site photographs are provided in the Annexure.

The existing project roads are earth road with varying width between 4.0m and 6.0m. There exist gullies in some places. Natural vegetation about 20% and Agricultural lands about 80% were seen at both sides of the road throughout the whole length of the 200km Road.

29

The ROWS of the roads are being encroached by weeds/bush and Artisan’s Stalls in some places. Trees Yielding fruits such as mango, cashew, locust bean etc. forms the Aesthetic of these Roads.Step IV

In all the roads clusters, public consultations were made. Interaction was carried along the routes to receive their opinion, observation and suggestions if any.

The following centres were the venue1. Cluster (1) - Mokwa – kudu2. Cluster (2) - Tafa, Sabonwuse Ijahgwari – Suleja Abuchi3. Cluster (3) - Shafini and Tungan JIka

Feedback was collated for the enhancement of this report.4.2 Baseline Environmental and socio-economic condition

4.2.1 Geographical Background of the study areaNiger state was created on February 3rd, 1976 from the then north western state when it was subdivide into Niger and Sokoto states by the Administration of Late General Murtala Muhammed (Rtd.). Niger state currently comprises twenty five local government areas with an area of 76,363/km2 of land area.Niger state lies between longitudes 4.00E and 7.00E, latitudes 11.00N and 800N getting to as high as 41 degree Celsius.

4.2.2 Weather and climateThere are two seasons annually in Niger state and Nigeria in general, wet season and dry season. The wet season generally starts from April and extends till October. The dry season last from November to March and the weathers are hot at this time.

30

4.2.4 RainfallRainfall characteristics vary indirectly with latitudinal location but directly with the location of the ITD and monsoon initiated winds.

The mean annual rainfall in the Northern part of Nigeria varies between 150cm and 200.cm in Niger State. Between July and August, Niger State recorded its highest rainfall yearly. Harmattan usually takes place between the months of November and February as a result of the harmattan winds.

31

Figure II

RAINFALL CMM

250

200

150

100

50

0 JAN FEB MARCH APRIL MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEP OCT NOV

DEC

Source: NIMMET

32

10

50

80

150

100

200

100

80

50

1030

150

4.2.5 Temperature Between July and August the honest temperature of 26.40C was recorded.Between February and March, the highest temperature of 38.70c and 40.80c was recorded.

Fig. 4.2.5 refers please.

TEMPERATURE IN DEGREE CELSIUS

JAN FEB MARCH APRIL MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEP OCT NOV

DEC

Source: NIMMET

33

26.4

30.8

36.837.4

38.737.6

40.8

26.4

30

32.2

33.533.9

Fig. III

4.3 WIND SPEED AND DIRECTIONThe mean annual wind speeds vary between a narrow range of 4.0 and 6.2m/s. Speeds are higher between July and August, the period of August break. Conversely at the peak of the rainy season in September and October, wind speeds are lowest, measuring between 4.1 and 4.2 m/s.

According to the statistics available for the last ten years the prevalent wind directions is South-Westerly. Often the South-Westerly dominates the wetter period of the year in the area while North-Easterlies dominate the direr season.

4.4 RELATIVE HUMIDITYRelative humidity is usually in excess of 70% especially during the peak of the wet season. Highest values of 78% occur in June to October and the lowest value of 57% was recorded in February.

4.5 ATMOSPHERE PRESSUREAtmosphere pressure is highest around November with 58.36hpa and lowest in August with 51.83hpa.

4.6 SOIL COMPOSITIONThe soil composition include sandy clay soil underlying the top loamy soil, the alluvia soil nature allow the practice of Agriculture to be highly positive. Generally, the soil grows largely yam, cassava, fruits, legumes etc.

4.7 WATER RESOURCESamples of both surface and ground water were collected and details of the analysis are shown in the table here under.

34

SOIL SAMPLE ANALYSIS

Location PH 2

5oc

EC (µs/cm)

Clay (%)

Silt (%)

Sand (%)

Class (USDA texture class)

Bulk Density (g/cm3)

Water Holding Capacity (mn/cm)

Sodium (meq/100q)

Potassium (meq/ 100q)

Calcium meq/100q

Magnesium meq/100q

Nitrogen content (mg/kg

Phosphate (mg/kg)

Total organic matter (%)

LEMU-WUYA SUMAN

6.45

51.9

10.91

10.08 80.10 Sandy loam clay

1.29 1.22 1.10 0.33 2 3.30 30.3 609 2.5

ENAGI GUZAN

6.43

51.8

10.81


1.23 1.26 1.10 0.37 2.01 3.30 30.6 552 2.51

MOKWA JAAGI-KUDU

5.6 11.5

9.00 1.02 80.4 Sandy loam clay

1.02 1.21 1.29 1.02 2.02 2.30 31.0 220.6 3.5

DIKKO KABO TAFA

6.71

10.7


1.43 1.27 1.45 0.45 2.00 3.31 36.8 258 3.5

SABO-WUSE IJAHGWARY

6.71

8.6 11.3 5.95 80 Sandy loam clay

1.39 1.51 0.55 1.25 2.81 1.35 40.0 223.3 3.22

SULEJA ABUGA IZOM

6.61

11.2

1.3 19.0 81 Sandy loam clay

1.46 1.39 0.43 3.6 4.5 4.79 70.0 320.5 4.25

AUNATUNGA JINGA

6.3 8.4 1.2 17.5 81.3 Sandy loam

1.424 1.36 0.47 5 5.06 4.97 75.6 325.8 3.65

35

SHAFFINI 4 clay

36

WAWA MALALE

6.49

8.6 1.7 13.5 81 Sandy loam clay

1.4 2.0 0.4 4.5 5.11 4.93 75.5 314.5 3.61

MEAN 5.59

20.4


18.52 18.2 0.85 2.07 3.19 3.53 48.7 352.96 3.34

MIN 5.6 8.4 1.2 1.02 80 Sandy loam clay

1.02 1.21 0.4 0.33 2 1.35 30.3 220.6 2.5

MAX 6.71

51.9

10.91


1.46 13.6 1.45 4.5 5.11 4.97 75.6 609 4.25

37

WATER SAMPLE ANALYSIS SURFACE.Location PHO

25oCConductivity (µ.s/cm)

TDS (mg/1

)

Salinity (PSU)

DO (mg/1)

(mg/1) Alkalinity

Total nasdness mg/1ascdos

Chloride (mg/1)

Sulphate (mg/1)

Phosphate (ma/1)

Nitrate (mg/1 as No3)

Calcium (mq/1)

Magnesium (mq/1)

Copper (mg/1)

Zinc mg/1

Iron mg/1

LEMU-WUYA SUMAN

8.6 1128

539 1.5 3.3 51.6 279 268 411 3.4 41.1 70.05 27 <0.001 0.42 0.091

ENAGI GUZAN

9.50 1121

525 1.55 4.1 61.2 265 270 425 3.53 46.9 61.05 22.4 <0.001 0.48 0.0065

MOKWA JAAGI-KUDU

7.39 169 85 1.1 4 10.8 55 48.1 49 1.37 8.43 5.13 12.36 <0.001 0.17 0.18

DIKKO KABO TAFA

7.12 645 335 0.52 3.1 64.3 265 309 413 3.49 44.18 62.79 21.5 <0.001 0.64 0.049

SABO-WUSE IJAHGWARY

8.01 859 346 0.65 4.2 63.8 278 310.5 420 3.46 41.76 64.73 23 <0.001 0.52 0.20

SULEJA ABUGA IZOM

7.29 272 127 1.3 4.3 45.9 52.1 42.8 33.4 2.31 1.27 5.16 11.24 <0.001 0.07 0.089

AUNA TINGA JINGA-SHAFINI

7.47 1119

337 0.2 4.7 52.8 278 266 439 3.41 41.2 70.12 24.05 <0.001 0.45 0.071

WAWA MALALE

8.61 1100

535 0.51 5.6 61.2 337 279 510 3.51 46.8 61.19 22.5 <0.001 0.55 0.18

MEAN 7.99 801.6

353.6 0.92 4.16 51.5 226.1 224.2 337.6 3.1 33.96 49.39 20.51 <0.001 0.41 0.116

MIN 7.12 169 85 0.2 3.1 10.8 52.1 48.1 33.4 1.37 1.27 5.13 21.5 <0.001 0.07 0.18

38

MAX 9.50 1128

539 1.55 5.6 63.8 337 310.5 510 3.53 46.9 70.12 27 <0.001 0.64 0.091

39

WATER ANALYSIS GROUND WATER.

Location PHO 25oC

EC (µs/ cm)

TDS (mg/1

)

Salinity (PSU)

Colony (TCU)

TSS (mg/1)

REDOX (MV)

Turbidity (NTU)

DO (mg/1)

BOD (mg/1)

COD (mg/1)

Alkalinity (mg/1)

Sulphide (mq/1)

Sulphate (mg/1)

LEMU-WUYA SUMAN

7.73 108.1

50 0.1 9.6 3 -10 5.6 3.9 <1 5 16 <0.006 55

ENAGI GUZAN

7.61 112.3

54 0.19 9.1 3.2 -12 6.12 6.2 <1 6 16.2 <0.006 54.6

MOKWA JAAGI-KUDU

7.82 110.3

57 0.08 9.12 4.4 -11 6.3 6.5 <1 5 44.2 <0.006 53.62

DIKKO KABO TAFA

7.65 5.8 250 1.3 8.9 1.3 -10 30.4 2.9 13 4 16.15 <0.008 70

SABO-WUSE IJAHGWARY

7.66 5.5 241 0.2 9.2 15 -102 32 3.4 14 61 58.4 <0.008 72.6

SULEJA ABUGA IZOM

7.46 101.0

40 0.14 50 4 -74 4.71 4.64 <1 63 58 <0.006 54


7.57 94.1 44 0.11 52 3 -80 4.51 3.9 <1 54 11.3 <0.006 53

WAWA MALALE

7.77 276 132.5 0.13 14.2 4 -28 4.89 4.8 <1 55 11.9 <0.006 52

MEAN 7.66 101.6

108.6 0.28 20.3 4.7 -40.9 11.8 4.53 <1 31.6 29.1 <0.006 58.1

MIN 7.46 5.5 40 0.1 8.9 1.3 -10 4.51 2.9 <1 4 11.3 <0.006 52

MAX 7.82 276 241 0.19 52 15 -102 32 6.5 <1 63 58.4 <0.006 72.6

40

PARAMETERS

Iron Mg/1

Cadmium mg/1

Lead (mg/1

)

Chromium

(mg/1)

Manganese (mg/1)

Vanadium(mg/1)

Arsenic (mg/1)

Mercury(mg/1)

Nickel (mg/1)

Barium (mg/1)

Total Heterotrophic Bacteria

Total Coalitions

E.Coli

LEMU-WUYA SUMAN

0.5 0.0016 0.0022

0.08 0.033 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 0.126 <0.006 168 ND ND

ENAGI GUZAN

0.5 0.0018 0.0022

0.09 0.034 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 0.132 <0.006 172 ND ND

MOKWA JAAGI-KUDU

0.42 0.0018 0.0024

0.087 0.036 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 0.136 <0.006 160 ND ND

DIKKO KABO TAFA

0.13 0.0027 0.0036

0.2 0.076 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 0.193 <0.006 1212 ND ND

SABO-WUSE IJAHGWARY

0.146 0.005 0.0036

0.1 0.075 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 0.195 <0.006 1239 ND ND

SULEJA ABUGA IZOM

0.433 0.0015 0.0032

0.13 0.089 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 0.36 <0.006 60 ND ND


0.53 0.0016 0.0027

0.14 0.015 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 0.36 <0.006 31 ND ND

WAWA MALALE

0.086 0.0012 0.0026

0.09 0.016 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 0.1 <0.006 106 ND ND

MEAN 0.34 0.0022 0.0028

0.12 0.056 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 0.25 <0.006 393.5 ND ND

MIN 0.5 0.0005 0.0022

0.1 0.015 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 0.1 <0.006 31 ND ND

MAX 0.433 0.0027 0.0036

0.087 0.089 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 0.195 <0.006 1239 ND ND

42

PARAMETERS

PHO Mg/1

Nitrate mg/1as

Nos

Chloride(mg/1)

Ammonia

(mg/1)

Total hardness (mg/1) as Cacaos

Sodium(mg/1)

Potassium (mg/1)

Calcium(mg/1)

Magnesium (mg/1)

Total Organic Carbon (mg/1)

Oil & Grease (mg/1)

Copper (mg/1)

Zinc (mg/1)

LEMU-WUYA SUMAN

0.53 0.5 40.5 <0.01 48 39.5 3.2 6.14 8.3 1.1 <0.006 0.14 0.068

ENAGI GUZAN

0.61 0.39 38 <0.01 43 35.8 3.3 6.11 8.25 1.12 <0.006 0.14 0.079

MOKWA JAAGI-KUDU

0.74 0.51 41.3 <0.05 40 36.7 3.61 6.12 8.15 1.14 <0.006 0.04 0.09

DIKKO KABO TAFA

1.96 0.44 165.8 <0.05 118 109.1 6.9 20.02 14.95 18.2 <0.006 0.055 0.189

SABO-WUSE IJAHGWARY

1.98 0.45 168.1 <0.066 114.8 111.3 7.8 20.04 14 8.4 <0.006 0.054 0.168

SULEJA ABUGA IZOM

0.56 4.85 45.3 <0.01 21.9 39.65 2.5 3.6 2.66 8.4 <0.006 0.026 0.159


0.57 4.83 39.6 <0.01 23 40 4.5 3.6 1.79 1.4 <0.006 0.033 0.155

WAWA MALALE

0.68 0.50 43.9 <0.01 80.5 48.2 3.6 4.9 10.73 1.4 <0.006 0.034 0.041

MEAN 0.95 1.56 72.8 <0.022 61.2 57.5 4.4 8.82 8.6 5.1 <0.006 0.06 0.12

MIN 0.53 0.5 38 <0.001 21.9 35.8 2.5 3.6 8.3 1.1 <0.006 0.04 0.04

MAX 1.98 4.85 168.1 <0.066 118 111.3 7.8 20.04 14.95 18.2 <0.006 0.055 0.189

44

4.8 Noise

The noise level is presented in the figure 41. Enagi Guzan Lat

Long6.576.54

41.4 52.8

2. Wuya-Suman-Lemu

LatLong

7.86.73

46.8 52.1

3. Mokwa- Jaagi-Kudu

Lat Long

10.77.57

58.2 60.8

4. Kabo-Diko-Tafa

LatLong

10.67.45

40.5 42.3

5. Sabowuse-Ijahgwari

N.A N.A 53.8 64.3

6. Suleja-Abuchi-Izom

LatLong

5.566.54

38.1 47.7

7. Auna-Tinga Junga-Shaffini

LatLong

6.555.45

47.3 52.5

8. Wawa Malale LatLong

7.674.08

41.6 54.6

45

4.9 Criteria identified for Evaluation and Ranking

For the purpose of using MCA for evaluating and ranking the prioritized road projects, the following criteria have been identified:

1. The Social Criteria: These include estimated population of settlements located along each route, number of health facilities and schools to be served by each identified or selected road project.

2. Economic Criteria: These include number of markets and cottage industries that are found along or connected by each link.

3. Accessibility Criteria: These include average cost of transportation per kilometer, the average journey time per kilometer or average speed and road density within the Local Government in which each link is located. However, due to limited data, road density and cost of transportation per kilometer are used in this analysis.

4.10 Criteria Justification

The selection of the social criteria is justified on the fact that the objective of the rural accessibility project is to alleviate poverty through the improvement of access of rural populace to social facilities and services such as health and education. In the case of economic criteria, this is justified on the ground that rural road improvement has economic empowerment effects of the rural populace as one of the cardinal objectives of RAMP. Accessibility criteria are included in order to determine level of accessibility problem as it affects different localities in Niger State. Areas with lower accessibility can be accorded higher priority and be assigned higher scores. Table IV shows the selected roads and the identified criteria for their evaluation.

Table IV Criteria for Road Evaluation and RankingS/N Route

NameEstimate

d Population per km

Road Densit

y within LGA

No of Market

Connected

No of Health

Facilities Connecte

d

Transportation cost per Km in Naira

1. Wawa-Malale

2200 0.282 2 3 11.5

2. Mokwa-Jaagi-Kudu

3813 0.258 2 2 13.3

3. Auna-Tunga Jinka

1898 0.334 2 3 11.3

46

Shafini

4. Enagi-Guzan

4533 0.302 1 3 13.1

5. Wuya Suman-Lemu

1580 0.198 2 4 23.5

6. Kabo-Diko-Tafa

980 0.212 3 3 30

7. Sabon-Wuse-Ijahgwari

3864 0.274 2 4 15.8

8. Suleja-Abuchi

4823 0.345 2 5 25.8

47

Local Government Areas, Headquarters, Population and Population Density of Niger State.S/NO Local

Government Area

Headquarters

Land Area (km2)

Population

Population Density

1. Edati Enagi 779 160,321 206

2. Gbako Lemu 1915 127,466 67

3. Mokwa Mokwa 3791 244,937 65

4. Tafa Wuse 241 83,544 347

48

Table VSUMMARY OF POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS

DIKKO-KABO-TAFFA ROAD SENSITIVITY REASON

LOW MEDIUM HIGH

1. SOIL STABILITY/EROSION b c a The more the erosion potentials and slopes the higher the sensitivity

2. RESETTLEMENT b c a The higher the population density the higher the sensitivity.

3. CULTURAL HERITAGE a c b The higher the number of cultural heritages, the higher the sensitivity.

4. NATURAL HABITATS c a b The more the critical natural habitat or protected areas. The higher the sensitivity.

5. INJUCED DEVELOPMENT c b a The higher the need for dense road, the higher the sensitivity.

49

SABONWUSE IJAGWARI ROADCRITERIA SENSITIVITY REASON

LOW MEDIUM HIGH

1. SOIL STABILITY/EROSION b c a The lower the erosion potentials, the lower the sensitivity.

2. RESETTLEMENT b c a The lower the population density, the lower the sensitivity.

3. CULTURAL HERITAGE a c b Sensitivity diminishes as there are no cultural heritage.

4. NATURAL HABITATS a c b Sensitivity diminishes as there are no protected habitat but little natural habitat.

5. INJUCED DEVELOPMENT c b a Sensitivity diminishes as there is no need for dense road network.

50

SULEJA – ABUCHI – IZOM ROAD

CRITERIA SENSITIVITY REASONLOW MEDIUM HIGH

1. SOIL STABILITY/EROSION a c b Sensitivity is high as a result of the rocky terrain.

2. RESETTLEMENT c b a Sensitivity is low due to low population density.

3. CULTURAL HERITAGE a c b Sensitivity is low due to little or no cultural heritage.

4. NATURAL HABITATS a c b Sensitivity is low as a result of non-existence of natural habitat and protected areas.

5. INJUCED DEVELOPMENT b c a Sensitivity is high as a result of the rock terrain.

51

WUYA – SUMAN – LEMU ROAD

CRITERIA SENSITIVITY REASONS

LOW MEDIUM HIGH

1. SOIL STABILITY/EROSION b c a The more the slope, the higher the sensitivity.

2. RESETTLEMENT c b a The higher the population density the higher the sensitivity.

3. CULTURAL HERITAGE a c b Sensitivity increases when cultural habitat is known.

4. NATURAL HABITATS a c b Sensitivity increases as critical natural habitats are available.

5. INJUCED DEVELOPMENT a b c From dens road network sensitivity increases.

52

ENAGI - GUZAN ROAD

CRITERIA SENSITIVITY REASON

LOW MEDIUM HIGH

1. SOIL STABILITY/EROSION b c a The lower the erosion potential, the lower the sensitivity.

2. RESETTLEMENT b c a The lower the population density, the lower the sensitivity.

3. CULTURAL HERITAGE c a b The higher the number of cultural heritage, the higher the sensitivity.

4. NATURAL HABITATS a c b The more the critical natural habitat, the higher the sensitivity.

5. INJUCED DEVELOPMENT b c a The higher the need for dense roads, the higher the sensitivity.

53

MOKWA – KUDU – JAAGI ROAD


LOW MEDIUM HIGH

1. SOIL STABILITY/EROSION b c a The higher the erosion potentials the higher the sensitivity.

2. RESETTLEMENT c b a The lower the population density, the lower the sensitivity.

3. CULTURAL HERITAGE c a b The higher the number of cultural heritage, the higher the sensitivity.

4. NATURAL HABITATS c a b The sensitivity increases with the existence of natural habitats.

5. INJUCED DEVELOPMENT a c b The sensitivity increases with the need for dense road network.

54

WAWA – MALALE ROAD


LOW MEDIUM HIGH

1. SOIL STABILITY/EROSION b c a High sensitivity as a result of presence of erosion potentials.

2. RESETTLEMENT b c a Low sensitivity as a result of non-existence of resettlement population.

3. CULTURAL HERITAGE a c b Low sensitivity due to the non-existence of cultural heritage.

4. NATURAL HABITATS c a b High sensitivity due to existence of natural habitat

5. INJUCED DEVELOPMENT b c a High sensitivity due to the need for dence road network.

55

SHAFFINI-TUNGA-AUNA ROAD


LOW MEDIUM HIGH

1. SOIL STABILITY/EROSION b c a High sensitivity as there is presence of erosion potentials.

2. RESETTLEMENT b c a Low sensitivity due to the non-existence of resettled population.

3. CULTURAL HERITAGE a c b Low sensitivity as a result of non existence of cultural heritage.

4. NATURAL HABITATS a b c Medium sensitivity as there are some natural habitat available.

5. INJUCED DEVELOPMENT c b a High sensitivity as a result of the need for a bye pass at Shaguwa Village.

56

Table VSUMMARY OF POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS

DIKKO – KABA – TAFFA ROAD

NATURE OF WORK YES NO SCALE REASONS

1. MAINTENANCE Routine or periodic works to maintain the road in working conditions. All of the work is done on the existing platform

√ 5 There is need for routine and periodic maintenance scheme on the existing right of way.

2. REHABILITATION Bringing existing deteriorated road to previous/original conditions. All of the work is done on the existing platform/ right of way. No additional land acquisition is needed

√ 5 There is need for rehabilitation of deteriorated roads.

3. IMPROVEMENTS Improving road specifications most of the work is done on the existing right of way. Additional land acquisition may be needed

√ 3 There is need for the improvement of road specifications but without additional land acquisition.

4. UPGRADING Changing road category (e.g. seasonal/to all weather, secondary to primary). Land acquisition is needed in most cases.

√ 1 There is no need for changing or altering the road categories.

5. NEW CONSTRUCTION New projects built on a new alignment. Major land acquisition is needed.

√ 1 - No new projects,

- No new

57

alignments

- Land acquisition not required

SABO – WUSE – IJAH – GWAYI ROAD



√ 5 Periodic maintenance on existing platform right of way is necessary


√ 5 Rehabilitation of the existing deteriorated roads are necessary for effective accessibility


√ 3 Road specification improvements are necessary but land acquisition not required


√ 1 Changing of road categories not required


√ 1 - New projects not required.

58


59

SULEJA – ABUCHI - IZOM ROAD



√ 5 Routing road maintenance schedule is necessary to avoid road deterioration.


√ 5 Rehabilitation of existing deteriorated roads are necessary to enhance mobility.


√ 3 There is necessity for road specification improvement but should be within the platform


√ 1 Altering of road categories not necessary.


√ 1 - New projects not necessary.

- Additional land acquisition not required

60

WUYA – SUMAN – LEMU ROAD



√ 5 There is need for routine maintenance of the roads


√ 5 There is need for the rehabilitation of deteriorated roads.


√ 3 Road specifications improvement is necessary but additional land acquisition not required


√ 1 Changing road categories not required



- No new alignments


61

ENAGI – GUZAN ROAD



√ 5 Periodic maintenance on existing platform is necessary


√ 5 Rehabilitation of the existing deteriorated roads are necessary for affective mobility.


√ 3 Road specification improvement required


√ 1 Changing of road categories not required


√ 1 - No constructions not required.


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MOKWA – KUDU – JAAGI ROAD



√ 5 Routing road maintenance scheme is necessary


√ 5 Rehabilitation of the existing deteriorated roads are necessary for affective mobility.


√ 3 There is necessity for roads specification improvement but should be without additional land acquisition.


√ 1 Altering road categories not required.


√ 1 - New projects not necessary

- Additional Land acquisition not required

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WAWA - MALALE ROAD



√ 5 There is need for routine maintenance of the roads.


√ 5 There is need for the rehabilitation of deteriorated roads.


√ 3 Road specifications improvement is necessary but additional land acquisition not necessary


√ 1 Changing road categories not necessary.




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SHAFFINI – JINGA - AUNA ROAD



√ 5 Periodic maintenance of existing right of way is required


√ 5 Rehabilitation of the existing deteriorated roads are necessary.


√ 3 Road specification improvement required without additional land acquisition.


√ 1 Changing of road categories not required.


√ 1 - No new construction required


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4.12 SUMMARY OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACT ASSESSMENT

INTRODUCTION

RAMP II

The impact of every infrastructural development is expected to exert some form of Environmental influence. The impact could be positive or negative, the essence of critical examination of the set objectives of the proposed RAMP II in Niger State, whether it should be considered or not with a view to ensuring that hazards and conflicts are not created in the development to its micro and macro Environment and to ensure that all the stakeholders are adequately advised.

The following parameters are considered for the assessment of this proposal.

a. Physical Environment.

b. Ecological Environment.

c. Socio-Economic Environment.

a. PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT

i. Infrastructural facilities.

At the construction stage of the RAMP II the following also shall be included.

- Construction of drainage channels. Rehabilitation of River or stream crossings.

- Clearance of drainage congestion.

- Control of erosion and siltation.

- Ensure air quality is protected.

- Rising of dust is abated by wetting the road every Morning and Evening.

- Surface water and ground water quality is protected.

- Control of flood.

- Ensure that no building or property is demolished.

- Ensure that no obstruction to waste water and sewage flow.

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- Aesthetics of the sites are enhanced.

- All physical, cultural sites are protected.

b. ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT

The Engineer’s design put into cognizance the existing platform as suitable enough for the purpose of RAMP II in Niger State.

i. At construction stage, no tree shall be removed.ii. The design of the wetland area carried some engineering

specification to guarantee the soil stability and quality for the road construction.

iii. At the implementation stage, there shall be no disruption of surface water and fish migration.

iv. Wildlife and Natural habitats are protected.v. The forest reserve is still preserved.vi. Rare endangered species and aquatic plants are preserved and

protected.

c. SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT

The proposed development will no doubt be a positive contributor to the socio economic growth of the Environment

The following parameters were considered for the evaluation or assessment of the socio-economic environment:-

i. Since 80% of the land area of the study site is for the practice of Agriculture the impact of the RAMP II is highly positive in the area of irrigation.

ii. Where there is an existing Dam, Navigation is also encouraged.iii. In the area of Transportation, the impact will be highly positive.iv. The design ensures that no loss of Agricultural land.v. The proposal guarantees adequate job opportunities to all and

sundry. It also reduces poverty level of the local people.vi. The quality of life of the local people is enhanced.vii.It eliminates all social conflicts.viii. It protects all archeological and cultural heritage of the study area.For more details, Reports on Environmental and Social Screening and Impact Ranking overleaf are referred please.

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4.13 SOCIO- ECONOMICS SURVEY UNDERTAKENa). Agriculture

The major occupation of the indigenous people is farming. About 80% of the population Socio-Economic is farming and farm products include Variety of Fruits such as Mango, Cashew, Locust beans, Chea butter Sugarcane and Legumes both of these crops are cash crops.Other major farm activities include Plantation of Yam, Cassava, Rice, Palm tree for Palm Oil both are cash and food for the people.

b). Animal Gracing/ Herdsmen Another chief occupation of Niger State is Animal production which is means of live hood for the Fulani Resident in Niger State.During our consultation with the community Herdsmen and FMARD officials we discovered that there is no existence of Law or Regulations that controls their activities. It was observed that animal gracing cuts across all the influence area of our study Area.Challenges inherent in their day to day activity are more significant than the benefit derivable from animal farm. Sometimes, Farms are destroyed as a result of gracing and usually led to bloodshed / Social Conflicts. This need to be addressed by FMARD and National House of Assembly.

c). Fishing: is another means of live hood.d). Market: Every village covered by the influence Area has its

market at the villages’ centre.All markets that were surveyed are predominantly traditional markets where food stuffs are being sold.

e). Artisan: Artisans of different practice were also identified in the course of the Economic Survey.Their activities include Shoe Repair, Cottage Industry,

Clothing etc.Noticeable and most general characteristic about their activity is that they practice under temporary Zinc Structures as Stalls.

f). Job Opportunities/Employment: Less than (five) 5% of the total population are employed in Government Institutions and Private Industries such as School Teachers and Auxiliary, Dispensers and Nurses, Labourers of all categories.

g). Industry: Such as Ginning State Arewa Cotton Station at Wawa Village was identified as a means of Socio-Economic of the people.

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h). Transporters: Some people are also engaged in transportation as a means of livelihood such as Okada Rider etc.

i) HEALTH SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENT (HSE)

The cost of HSE includes the following:

a. Ensuring that Engine oil and other Lubricants are properly disposed in order to prevent ground water pollution.

b. That Construction Equipment, Generators and Vehicles are properly maintained to prevent air pollution.

c. Mufflers are installed in all construction Equipment to reduce noise pollution.

d. The cost of ensuring Health and Safety at work by providing protective apparels for construction workers, First Aids and Emergency response facilities for both workers and the community.

e. The cost of providing adequate signage at construction site and the cost of safety officer to administer the (HSE) plan of the contractor.

The contractor is usually required to submit his HSE policy and plan for approval before embarking on the construction.

4.14 SUMMARY OF POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS.

Site location and sensitivity is a major factor in determining the type and extent of the required environmental work (ESIA or EMP or none) to be carried out with regard to a given project. Using a three grade system of low, medium, and high sensitivity rate the following subjects were considered in the table.

1) Resettlementa) High population density; major towns and villages; intensive

roadside activity; low income families and illegal ownership of land in and along right of way; communal properties.

b) Low population density; dispersed population; no or little road side activities; well established businesses and legal tenure along right of way.

c) Medium population density; settlements; some roadside activity; mixed ownership and land tenure along right of way.

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2) Soil Stability/Erosiona) Mountainous terrain; high slopes; unstable soil formations;

high erosion potentialb) Medium slopes; some erosion potentialc) Flat terrain; no potential erosion problems

3) Cultural Heritagea) No known or suspected cultural heritage sites b) Known cultural heritage sits along the right of wayc) Suspected cultural heritage sites, known heritage sites in

area of influence

4) Natural Habitatsa) No critical natural habitats; no other natural habitats.b) Critical natural habitats (existing and proposed protected

areas, along with unprotected natural habitats of known high importance for biodiversity conservation

c) No critical natural habitats; other non-forest natural habitats occur.

5) Induced Development a) Area or region is well consolidated; dense road networkb) Medium density road network; open lands are still

availablec) Area of region is undeveloped; road network is incipient or

non-existent

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4.15 MONITORING AND EVALUATION

The Supervising consultant is expected to carry out the monitoring and evaluation during construction to ensure that baseline parameters and conditions remain the same during construction and after.

The Consultant will be required to carry out any necessary verification/validating test for the monitoring and evaluation as the need arises.

The summary of cost estimate for above ESIA/Safeguard elements are as below.

This amount should be allowed for in the preliminaries section of the Bill of Engineering Measurement (BEME).

4.16 SUMMARY OF COST(INDICATIVE BUDGET)

SN Description Amount

1 ESMP 440,000

2 HSE 16,000,000

3 M&E 4,000,000

Total 20,440,000

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4.17 SUMMARY OF GROUP MEETING, ALSO ATTENDED BY PROJECT AFFECTED PEOPLE (PAP)

INTERRACTION RESPONSE

1. The interaction with the communities was a group discussion whereby some traders along the road who have been identified as project affected persons (PAP) were in attendance.

2. The purpose of the meeting was explained to them, that is, the Road rehabilitation project and that it may affect some of them especially the road side Traders, who will be required to relocate from the Road side.

3. In addition the benefits of the Road rehabilitation were also highlighted.

4. It was also explained to them that after the rehabilitation the community should be prepared to participate in the maintenance of the Road.

5. Thereafter an interview was conducted on the following:

6. The location of the school and the community health center.

The communities were very pleased that the road is eventually going to be rehabilitated and they expressed their willingness to cooperate and support the rehabilitation even if it means losing a bit of their land.

The traders were also willing to relocate away from the Road in order to give way for the Road but expressed their hope if they can get a form of compensatory relieve. It was however explained to them that the relocation might just be temporary for the road to be constructed.

They were also happy that the cost of transportation will now reduce after the rehabilitation and that they will no longer experience temporary cut off from other communities during rainy seasons.They were also willing to participate in the maintenance after construction; they said that they had been hitherto maintaining the Roads purely by community efforts without any assistance, even from the Local Government.

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7. The effect of the deteriorated Road on the community.

8. The community market and the market days.

9. Availability of traditional/cultural site along the route that might be affected by the Rehabilitation

The community school and the health center are within the community.

The community is usually cutoff during the rainy seasons and cost of transportation is very high due to the bad road.

The market days are usually on weekly basis and they rarely go to market that is more than 5 kilometers away from the villages.

None

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4.18 THE DETAILS OF THE INTERVIEW AT GROUP MEETING.

INTERRACTIONS RESPONSE

1. What is the mode of transportation in this community VIS-À-VIS the proposed RAMP II?

Transportation is possible during dry season and the speed is between 30-40 km/h During rainy season generally it is poor.

2. What are the various benefits inherent in RAMP II?

RAMP will enhance the growth of goods and services and the population, irrespective of the weather.

3. What is the daily average traffic in the road?

Medium

4. What is the relationship of the existing market with the communities?

The markets are sighted at the communities’ centre. Easy patronage

5. Any accident recorded Nil

6. What is the relationship with the existing health centres with the communities?

The health cetres are situated in the villages, Transportation not needed.

7. How far are the existing schools from the population?

The Schools are located at the Peripheries of the villages.

8. I there any incidence of domestic animals conflicting with the Pedestrians on the Road, Due to animal gracing?

Nil

9. Is there any cause for the wide animals to stray, into the villages?

The known forest reserves are far from indigenous villages and are curtailed in the forest reserve.

10. Are the villages willing to donate part of their land for RAMP II? If necessary.

Acquisition is not required.

11. What impact has the project on the Ecological Environment?

Positive

12. What are the major farm produces?

Yamtubers, Cassavatubers, Fruits e.g. Cashew, Sheabutter, Locustbeans, Sugarcane, Legumes, Vegetable, Mangoes, Watermelon,

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Orange etc.

13. RAMP will increase production rate. Do you Agree?

YES

14. Will the RAMP have any influence on transportation cost?

YES

15. Will the RAMP reduce poverty alleviation?

YES

16. Will the RAMP provide Job Opportunities?

YES

17. Will the RAMP add to the quality of the physical, Ecological and Socio-Economic Environment?

YES

18. Will the RAMP enhance water facility?

YES

19. Will the RAMP reduce the cost of farm produce and transportation generally?

YES

20. After Construction, are the communities ready to participate in the road maintenance?

YES

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CHAPTER FIVE

5.0 POTENTIAL IMPACTS OF THE PROPOSED PROJECT I

S/N CRITERIAS (PARAMETERS) YES NO

N/A

1. Affect to natural biological environment Wildlife Habitats Ecology fisheries Threatened and endangered species Number of trees on proposed land

√

√

√

√

2 Adjacent or within any Historic Culturally important site

√

3 Any Health Care Centre in the community √4 Any displacement/resettlement of Activities √5 General (Positive impacts) will the project

Create Job opportunities to support the enhancement of life standards of the local people

Contribute to poverty reduction in the respective areas

Contribute to sustainable development

√

√√

6 Environmental Hazards and pollution Threats Might the activity cause an increase or probability of

increase of environmental hazards Might the activity affect the quality of water resources

within adjacent to or near the project area

√

√

7 Aesthetics of the site Might the activity cause a change in the visual

character in or near the area through alteration Might the activity affect views or access to views of

natural or cultural landscapes features Might the activity introduce new materials colour and

forms to the immediate landscapes

√

√

√

8. Resources Conservation and use Might the activity affect commercial fisheries or

aquaculture resources or production√

9. Economics and Environment Might the proposed activity cause elimination or

relocation of existing activity√

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POTENTIAL IMPACTS OF THE PROPOSED PROJECT II

PARAMETERS POSITIVE IMPACT

NO IMPACT

NEGATIVE IMPACT

L M H L M H1. Physical Environment1.1 Water logging and drainage

congestion√

1.2 Erosion and siltation √1.3 Obstruction to waste water/sewage

flow√

1.4 Air and dust √1.5 Surface water quality √1.6 Ground water quality √1.7 Impact on noise √1.8 Flooding √1.9 Impact of soil quality √1.10 Loss of existing buildings and property

√

2.) Biological Environment2.1 Removal of trees √2.2 Wetland √2.3 Disruption of surface water fish

migration√

2.4 Wild life habitats √2.5 Forests √2.6 Rare Endangered species √2.7 Aquatic plants √3.) Socio-Economic Environment3.1 Impact on irrigation √3.2 Impact on navigation √3.3 Impact on transportation √3.4 Loss of agricultural land √3.5 Employment generation √3.6 Commercial activities √3.7 Impact on local livelihood √3.8 Impact on human life √3.9 Social conflict √3.10 Health risks to labours involved in

construction work.√

3.11 Public Health and Safety √3.12 Archaeological and cultural heritage

√

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CHAPTER SIX

CHAPTER SIX

6.0 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

S/N PROJECT ACTIVITIES

Mitigation Measures

IMPLEMENTATION

MONITORING

Implementation Agency/ Proponent

COST

ESTIMATE

1. Road Design to

avoid sensitive

areas

(1).The Design standard avoids road running through sensitive areas like Forest Reserve, Private lands, PCR, protects the existing flora and fauna shall avoid agricultural land as borrow area.

Design verification implemented.

(1). Ministry of Forest Reserve

(2). SPIU

(3). The consultant

No Cost

2. Construction/ Contracts

Provision of necessary specifications/ guidelines to ensure compliance with Health, safety and Environment regulations and Legal framework. Laying emphasis on preventative actions rather than corrective actions, incorporating penalties for violating existing Legal framework.

Contractor to submit his Health, Safety and Environment policy, Manuals, hand books and flyers to the Engineer for approval. This will include policy on borrow pit management, blasting operations H.S.E at work and security.

SPIU FMOEV.

The Consultant, and FPMU

No Cost

3. Interaction with local people before

Interaction is an ongoing project for better understanding cooperation and

Consultation implemented at local level. Periodic

SPIU FMPIU

Local Government The

No Cost

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construction signing all necessary agreements ( Annexure l)

consultative meeting with the community Leaders.

Community

The Consultant.

4. Scopes (2). Roads stabilization through planting of vegetation by using chemicals where feasible and appropriate.

Construction programme implemented

FMARD , SPIU

The Contractor

The Consultant Agronomist.

No Cost

5. Road surface (adverse to road user)

Road surface shall be stabilized with gravel, murrain and other rocky surfacing material.

Construction programme implemented

The Consultant FMARD

SPIU

L.G.

No Cost

6. Drainage Hydrological investigation shall be carried one.

(2) Longitudinal and cross drainage as per requirements shall be provided.

(3) Use of culverts pipes as per rational formula.

Design Verification Implemented

The Consultant

No Cost

7. Construction plants and equipment management

(1) Use of heavy machinery equipment shall be minimized to avoid pollution.

(2) Waste oil as cooking fuel shall be prohibited. Disposal of waste and waste oil to be responsibly carried out.

Equipment Maintenance Schedule submitted and Equipment certification Implemented.

Waste and Waste oil disposal record provided.

FMOEV

SIPU

The Contractor

The Consultant

No Cost

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(3) Fuel leakage shall be prevented.

8. Tree Planting

(1) For every simple tree felled two trees of local species will be planted.

(2) Growing of trees on the road sides shall be encouraged.

Programme Implemented

No Cost

9. Natural Habitants

(1) Speed control by using speed bumps, shall be applied.

(2) Road surface shall be sprayed with water on a frequent schedule.


FMOEV

FMARD

SPIU

The Consultant

No Cost

10. Dust (1) Speed control by using speed bumps shall be applied.

(2) Road surfaces shall be sprayed with water on a frequent schedule.


FMOEV

SPIU

The Consultant

The Contractor.

No Cost

11. Worker’s Health and Safety.

(1) Provision of personal equipment and other necessities shall be encouraged.

Monthly H.S.E Meeting Implemented and Safety Report emitted monthly with periodic safety Audit.

FMOEV No Cost

12. Public Health and Safety at Construction

(1) Installation of Traffic safety measure such as warning signs, delineators and

Public Awareness Implemented with regards to S.T.D and other

SPIU

The Contractor

No Cost

80

barriers shall be put in place, contractor shall develop an acceptable construction site Environment, Health and safety plan.

communicable diseases. H.S.E. policy implemented. Emergency response procedure put in place and first aid post Established

The Consultant.

13. Cultural Proprieties

(1) This avoids all cultural properties sites.

Consultation with community implemented.

SPIU

The Consultants

No Cost

14. Land use and Resettlement issues

Not applicable. SPIU

FMARD.

No Cost

6.01 ESMP AND PAP

Parameters Nature of ESMP Indicative

Budget

Implementation Agency (Proponent)

Kudu ARAP includes shifting three

numbers Artisan’s Zinc stalls to the rear and from the ROW at N5,000

per stall

N15,000 SPIU

World Bank

The Consultant

Niger State Government.

Tafa Twelve numbers container being

need by Artisan’s enchroaching on

N60,000 SPIU

World Bank

Niger State Government

81

the ROW, reducing the width

of the existing Road to 4.5m cost

N5,000 per container.

The Consultant

Suleja Sixty- one numbers of Zinc stalls at Suleja

market Relocation of the stalls to the

rear because of Road construction at the cost N5,000

per stall.

N305,000 SPIU

World Bank


Sabon-wuse Ijahgwari

Relocation of Electricity pole on

Sabon-wuse Ijahgwari Road, at a cost of N60,000. The cost includes:

(1) Purchasing of a new wooden pole.

(2) Shifting of the pole from

ROW.

N60,000 SPIU

World Bank

PHCN

CDA

The Consultant

Total N440,000

The sum total enumerated above shall be carried to the preliminaries of the BILLS of ENGINEERING Measurements.

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6.02 WORLD BANK’S OP4.12 GUIDELINESThe World Bank’s OP4.12 guidelines require compensation for lost, or impacted, assets at replacement costs to both titled and non-titled landowners, Land holders and resettlement assistance for lost income and livehood.

The general characteristic of PAP in the study Areas falls in the category of Squatters encroaching on the (ROW), since it is the Principle of the World Bank to adopt special measures and assistance for Vulnerable affected persons to cushion effect of the project during construction and after construction, few PAP were identified as presented on 3.6.1, 3.7 and ESMP Costing.

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6.03 ENTITLEMENT MATRIXTYPE OF LOSS ENTITLEMENT

PERSONSDESCRIPTION OF

ENTITLEMENT1. Permanent loss of

land 1.1 Cultivate and

Residential/ Commercial land

Not Applicable No loss of land envisagedCertificate of occupancy Not required.

No compensation of any form whether cash or otherwise is applicable.

2. Damage to land such as abutting sub project site.

2.1 By excavation from borrows for Earth for construction.

3. Loss of income and livelihood

3.1 Temporary loss of a access to land for cultivation

4. Loss of income through Agriculture Activities because of loss of land.

No noticeable land owners.Construction is on (ROW)

The contractor shall give accounts of Excavation from Borrows for Earth.

Farm owners are not denied access to their farm.Numbers of affected category of person if any Shall be paid.

Restoration of land to preconstruction condition or cash compensation at the prevailing rates shall be recommended to the PMU.

Provision of water course by the contractor to connect several segments with source of water.

No compensation shall be due to anybody since the Contractor shall maintain the Recommendations in the process of Construction.

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6.04 PAP CLASSIFICATIONPAP

CLASSIFICATION

COMPENSATION ELIGIBLE FOR COMPENSATION

ASSISTANCE

Those with legal rights

Land or asset.No known acquisition of land before and after construction

No land or asset involved.Compensation is not required.

No assistance of any form is required.

Those with temporary or leased rights at cutoff date

Land and assets are not included in the process of the Road Rehabilitation

For land and structure on the land after the cutoff date

No assistance is required

Those with business located within the community

Assets only - Assistance Required. N440,000 ARAP Costing page 26-27 refers pls.

Those with no legally recognized right but arrived before cutoff date

- None identified to date

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6.06 ESMP COSTING(INDICATIVE BUDGET)

1. Environmental and Social Impact Assessment and Safeguards/mitigating measures do carry a price tag. It is therefore not only desirable but also appropriate to include in the ESMP report an element of cost of safeguards and mitigating measures. The main elements of cost of safeguard and mitigating measures are:

Cost of ESMP.

Cost of Health, Safety and Environment during Construction.

The Cost of Monitoring and Evaluation.

2. ESMP

Parameters Nature of ESMP Cost Implementation Agency (Proponent)

Kudu ESMP includes shifting three

numbers Artisan’s Zinc stalls to the rear and from the ROW at N5,000

per stall

N15,000 SPIU

World Bank

The Consultant

Niger State Government.

Tafa Twelve numbers container being

need by Artisan’s encouraging on

the ROW, reducing the width

of the existing Road to 4.5m cost

N5,000 per

N60,000 SPIU

World Bank


The Consultant

87

container.

Suleja Sixty- one numbers of Zinc stalls at Suleja

market Relocation of the stalls to the

rear because of Road construction at the cost N5,000

per stall.

N305,000

SPIU

World Bank


Sabonwuse Ijah gwari

Relocation of electricity pole to

safeguard the affected house opposite the

wooden pole on the Sabonwuse

Ijahgwari Road, at a cost of N60,000. The cost includes:

(3) Purchasing of a new wooden pole.

(4) Shifting of the pole from

ROW.

N60,000 SPIU

World Bank

PHCN

CDA

The Consultant

Total N440,000

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CHAPTER SEVEN

7.0 RECOMMENDATION

The selected prioritized RAMP II in Niger State as presented in the

aforementioned scenario came at the appropriate time influence area of

Rural Travels Transport project (RTTP).

The projects had been assessed and confirmed that the impact of this

laudable project in the rural sectors of Niger State and the Environments

is highly positive.

The project has potentials to enhance the quality of Physical Socio-

Economic, Ecological Environment.

The general overview of this report shows that only limited ESIA is

required since none of the World Bank Operational policies was

triggered.

Mitigation measures highlighted are recommended for appropriate action

by the relevant Proponents.

All PAP identified fall under the category of Poverty Alleviation and the

World Bank has the Prerogatives over the dispensation as appropriate.

Laws and Regulation to guide, control the activities of the herdsmen

should be promulgated by the National Assembly.

In view of the above Resume, we recommend that this project should

proceed.

89