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What Keeps a General Counsel Up at Night: Trends in DOJ Enforcement, Congressional Investigations, and Cybersecurity Lightfoot White Collar Crime Institute May 8, 2019

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Page 1: DOJ Enforcement - lightfootwhitecollar.comlightfootwhitecollar.com/materials/bauer.pdf · 1776 K Street NW Washington, DC 20006 Telephone: 202‐719‐7242 rcaccia@wileyrein.com

What Keeps a General Counsel Up at Night: Trends in DOJ Enforcement, Congressional Investigations, and Cybersecurity

Lightfoot White Collar Crime Institute May 8, 2019

Page 2: DOJ Enforcement - lightfootwhitecollar.comlightfootwhitecollar.com/materials/bauer.pdf · 1776 K Street NW Washington, DC 20006 Telephone: 202‐719‐7242 rcaccia@wileyrein.com

PresentersJeffrey M. BauerAssistant General CounselInvestigations & LitigationHuntington Ingalls Industries, Inc.4101 Washington Avenue Newport News, VA 23607Telephone: 757‐688‐0191jeffrey.m.bauer@hii‐co.com

Ralph J. CacciaPartnerWhite Collar Criminal DefenseWiley Rein LLP1776 K Street NWWashington, DC 20006Telephone: 202‐719‐[email protected]

Page 3: DOJ Enforcement - lightfootwhitecollar.comlightfootwhitecollar.com/materials/bauer.pdf · 1776 K Street NW Washington, DC 20006 Telephone: 202‐719‐7242 rcaccia@wileyrein.com

DOJ Enforcement

Page 4: DOJ Enforcement - lightfootwhitecollar.comlightfootwhitecollar.com/materials/bauer.pdf · 1776 K Street NW Washington, DC 20006 Telephone: 202‐719‐7242 rcaccia@wileyrein.com

Updated Policy on Pursuing Individuals in Corporate Enforcement Matters (“Yates Memo”) Rosenstein announced revised policy in December 2018

Criminal Matters• “[i]dentify every individual who was substantially involved” in the wrongdoing

Civil Matters • Considers ability to pay • More flexibility for partial credit

Page 5: DOJ Enforcement - lightfootwhitecollar.comlightfootwhitecollar.com/materials/bauer.pdf · 1776 K Street NW Washington, DC 20006 Telephone: 202‐719‐7242 rcaccia@wileyrein.com

Extending the Corporate Enforcement Policy FCPA Corporate Enforcement Policy

In Justice Manual (nonbinding) 

Sets forth criteria for potential declination in FCPA cases

Even where declination is inapplicable, DOJ may recommend 25‐50% sentence reduction and may not impose a monitor 

Page 6: DOJ Enforcement - lightfootwhitecollar.comlightfootwhitecollar.com/materials/bauer.pdf · 1776 K Street NW Washington, DC 20006 Telephone: 202‐719‐7242 rcaccia@wileyrein.com

Extending the Corporate Enforcement Policy DOJ Considering Extending Policy to Other Areas

Will use the policy as “nonbinding guidance” in all Criminal Division matters involving corporations 

DOJ will start using principles of the policy in evaluating wrongdoing uncovered in mergers and acquisitions

Page 7: DOJ Enforcement - lightfootwhitecollar.comlightfootwhitecollar.com/materials/bauer.pdf · 1776 K Street NW Washington, DC 20006 Telephone: 202‐719‐7242 rcaccia@wileyrein.com

Current Enforcement Priorities Opioids Health Care Fraud• Pharma/Medical Devices

Immigration Fraud FCPA Export Control Violations

Page 8: DOJ Enforcement - lightfootwhitecollar.comlightfootwhitecollar.com/materials/bauer.pdf · 1776 K Street NW Washington, DC 20006 Telephone: 202‐719‐7242 rcaccia@wileyrein.com

Congressional Investigations

Page 9: DOJ Enforcement - lightfootwhitecollar.comlightfootwhitecollar.com/materials/bauer.pdf · 1776 K Street NW Washington, DC 20006 Telephone: 202‐719‐7242 rcaccia@wileyrein.com

Powers and Limits of Congressional Investigations Sweeping oversight/investigative authority

Power to issue subpoenas that demand documents or testimony

Failure to comply with a Congressional subpoena can result in a criminal prosecution for contempt of Congress

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Page 10: DOJ Enforcement - lightfootwhitecollar.comlightfootwhitecollar.com/materials/bauer.pdf · 1776 K Street NW Washington, DC 20006 Telephone: 202‐719‐7242 rcaccia@wileyrein.com

Powers and Limits of Congressional Investigations (cont’d) Investigative powers of Congress are wielded through the committee system

Each committee and subcommittee has the power to subpoena and hold hearings

Limited ability to challenge the scope or propriety of an investigation or a particular subpoena

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Page 11: DOJ Enforcement - lightfootwhitecollar.comlightfootwhitecollar.com/materials/bauer.pdf · 1776 K Street NW Washington, DC 20006 Telephone: 202‐719‐7242 rcaccia@wileyrein.com

Congressional Committees

The House has 21 committees and several Select committees The Senate has 20 committees, 68 subcommittees, and 4 joint committees Each federal agency has a key appropriator and oversight committee, some have several GAO

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Page 12: DOJ Enforcement - lightfootwhitecollar.comlightfootwhitecollar.com/materials/bauer.pdf · 1776 K Street NW Washington, DC 20006 Telephone: 202‐719‐7242 rcaccia@wileyrein.com

House Democrats’ Oversight Priorities Axios reported there are at least 85 topics that Democrats have said they’d target or expect to 

target, including: 

• Muller Report• Trump Family/Trump Finances• Firing of James Comey • Treasury Secretary Steven Mnuchin's 

business dealings• White House staff's personal email 

use• Cabinet secretary travel, office 

expenses, and other misused perks• Discussion of classified information 

at Mar‐a‐Lago

• Jared Kushner's ethics law compliance

• Dismissal of members of the EPA board of scientific counselors

• The travel ban• Family separation policy• Hurricane response in Puerto Rico• Election security and hacking 

attempts• White House security clearances

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Page 13: DOJ Enforcement - lightfootwhitecollar.comlightfootwhitecollar.com/materials/bauer.pdf · 1776 K Street NW Washington, DC 20006 Telephone: 202‐719‐7242 rcaccia@wileyrein.com

Possible Bipartisan Oversight Priorities Drug Pricing

Security Clearance Process

“Techlash”

Compliance as a government contractor

Procurement activities and operations of government contractors

Implementation of the Affordable Care Act 

Trade policy / Theft of Trade Secrets

National security / Possible FISA Abuse

Campaign finance

#MeToo

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Page 14: DOJ Enforcement - lightfootwhitecollar.comlightfootwhitecollar.com/materials/bauer.pdf · 1776 K Street NW Washington, DC 20006 Telephone: 202‐719‐7242 rcaccia@wileyrein.com

Spotlight: House Committee on the Judiciary Led by Chairman Jerry Nadler (D‐NY) and ranking member Doug Collins (R‐GA)

Broad jurisdiction: oversight of DOJ, legislative jurisdiction over IP laws, crime & terrorism, immigration and border security, antitrust law, and civil justice issues

Responsible for impeachment proceedings for federal officials

Areas of interest Nadler has specifically mentioned include:• Corporate mergers

• Immigration

• Improper interference with the FBI/DOJ by the White House

• Voter Suppression

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Page 15: DOJ Enforcement - lightfootwhitecollar.comlightfootwhitecollar.com/materials/bauer.pdf · 1776 K Street NW Washington, DC 20006 Telephone: 202‐719‐7242 rcaccia@wileyrein.com

Spotlight: Senate Committee on the Judiciary Led by Chairman Lindsey Graham (R‐SC) and Ranking Member Dianne Feinstein (D‐

CA)

Broad jurisdiction covering same issues as House Committee 

Processes all nominations of Article III federal judges and executive branch nominees within its jurisdiction (DOJ, FBI, DHS, USSS, etc.)

Maintains oversight and investigations staff

Recent areas of interest include:• Tech and election interference

• Cybersecurity

• Antitrust

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Page 16: DOJ Enforcement - lightfootwhitecollar.comlightfootwhitecollar.com/materials/bauer.pdf · 1776 K Street NW Washington, DC 20006 Telephone: 202‐719‐7242 rcaccia@wileyrein.com

Spotlight: Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation  Led by Chairman Roger Wicker (R‐MS) and Ranking Member Maria Cantwell 

(D‐WA) Jurisdiction over issues including communications, highways, aviation, rail, shipping, 

transportation security, climate change, disasters, science, space, interstate commerce, tourism, consumer issues, economic development, technology, competitiveness, product safety, and insurance

The Committee maintains an Office of Oversight and Investigations 

Recent areas of interest include:• Data security and breaches

• Federal communications policy

• Transportation safety

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Page 17: DOJ Enforcement - lightfootwhitecollar.comlightfootwhitecollar.com/materials/bauer.pdf · 1776 K Street NW Washington, DC 20006 Telephone: 202‐719‐7242 rcaccia@wileyrein.com

Spotlight: Senate Homeland Security and Government Affairs Committee Led by Chairman Ron Johnson (R‐WI) and Ranking Member Gary Peters (D‐MI)

Recent activities have looked at:• Opioid crisis • Vulnerabilities with international mail systems• Human trafficking (backpage.com)

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Page 18: DOJ Enforcement - lightfootwhitecollar.comlightfootwhitecollar.com/materials/bauer.pdf · 1776 K Street NW Washington, DC 20006 Telephone: 202‐719‐7242 rcaccia@wileyrein.com

Cybersecurity

Page 19: DOJ Enforcement - lightfootwhitecollar.comlightfootwhitecollar.com/materials/bauer.pdf · 1776 K Street NW Washington, DC 20006 Telephone: 202‐719‐7242 rcaccia@wileyrein.com

Cyber Threats are Serious and Varied

Hackers may infiltrate and steal corporate emails Ransomware attacks may shut down operations Intellectual property may be stolen DDoS attacks on infrastructure may hinder operations Direct attacks on digital currency operators result in stolen currency Vulnerabilities, white hat hackers, and fake apps can erode public 

confidence These threats can lead to litigation, inquiries from regulators, 

Congressional oversight, customer and public relations issues

Page 20: DOJ Enforcement - lightfootwhitecollar.comlightfootwhitecollar.com/materials/bauer.pdf · 1776 K Street NW Washington, DC 20006 Telephone: 202‐719‐7242 rcaccia@wileyrein.com

‘Soft’ Regulation Has Been the Touchstone for Cybersecurity Federal government has avoided direct regulation, but has steadily increased 

expectations

NIST Cybersecurity Framework provides Federal guidance on improving cybersecurity

Government has favored public/private partnerships to improve security, like the Department of Homeland Security’s National Risk Management Center, which was created in July 2018 

Federal Trade Commission demands “reasonable security” under Section 5 of FTCA

Some industries, like financial services and health care, have rules

Page 21: DOJ Enforcement - lightfootwhitecollar.comlightfootwhitecollar.com/materials/bauer.pdf · 1776 K Street NW Washington, DC 20006 Telephone: 202‐719‐7242 rcaccia@wileyrein.com

Overlapping Federal Efforts Address Cyber 

Increasing concerns with private sector lead government to ratchet up expectations for vulnerability management, supply chain risk management, and network protection

Executive Orders and agencies offer an array of best practices, recommendations, and expectations

U.S. has a patchwork of regulators/actors

National security issues are increasingly driving cyber policy

Expect increased House congressional oversight on cyber and privacy practices

Page 22: DOJ Enforcement - lightfootwhitecollar.comlightfootwhitecollar.com/materials/bauer.pdf · 1776 K Street NW Washington, DC 20006 Telephone: 202‐719‐7242 rcaccia@wileyrein.com

2018 SEC Guidance Signals Regulatory View on Cyber

Publicly traded companies must disclose material cyber risk

SEC fined Yahoo $35 million for failing to disclose data breach in connection with sale to Verizon

Broker‐Dealer and investment adviser agreed to pay $1 million to settle charges related to failures in cybersecurity policies and procedures surrounding an intrusion that compromised personal information of thousands of customers

Page 23: DOJ Enforcement - lightfootwhitecollar.comlightfootwhitecollar.com/materials/bauer.pdf · 1776 K Street NW Washington, DC 20006 Telephone: 202‐719‐7242 rcaccia@wileyrein.com

National Cyber Strategy On September 20, 2018, the White House released the National Cyber Strategy:

• Portends significant and increased burdens on federal contractors• Cross‐sector solutions• Updated standards and best practices • Full‐lifecycle cybersecurity

Page 24: DOJ Enforcement - lightfootwhitecollar.comlightfootwhitecollar.com/materials/bauer.pdf · 1776 K Street NW Washington, DC 20006 Telephone: 202‐719‐7242 rcaccia@wileyrein.com

States Are Leading Cyber Regulation and Enforcement Action In the absence of preemptive federal legislation, states are acting on cybersecurity

California passed comprehensive cybersecurity and data protection laws

New York’s Department of Financial Services Regulations on Cybersecurity

In the aftermath of a cyber incident, State Attorneys General often aggressively pursue enforcement actions against the victim company

Page 25: DOJ Enforcement - lightfootwhitecollar.comlightfootwhitecollar.com/materials/bauer.pdf · 1776 K Street NW Washington, DC 20006 Telephone: 202‐719‐7242 rcaccia@wileyrein.com

Key Area of Enforcement: Blockchain and Cryptocurrency In March 2018, the FTC announced a Blockchain Working Group, in part to, “facilitate 

... external coordination on enforcement actions” and to “to protect consumers and promote competition in light of cryptocurrency and blockchain developments”

In October 2018, NIST published NISTIR 8202, Blockchain Technology Report, which provides a high‐level technical overview of blockchain technology

DOJ and FTC have brought several actions alleging fraud in connection with ICOs

SEC and CFTC have brought actions alleging unlicensed broker dealers using cryptocurrency have violated KYC requirements

Congressional Blockchain Caucus remains active and members have introduced a number of bills to attempt to provide regulatory clarity around blockchain projects

Page 26: DOJ Enforcement - lightfootwhitecollar.comlightfootwhitecollar.com/materials/bauer.pdf · 1776 K Street NW Washington, DC 20006 Telephone: 202‐719‐7242 rcaccia@wileyrein.com

Key Area of Enforcement: Mobile Payment Apps

FTC Action against Venmo (PayPal) (2018)

Enforcement consistent with staff views on peer‐to‐peer payments

State of Texas brought similar action against Venmo in 2016

Note: AML compliance can be in tension with representations to customers

Page 27: DOJ Enforcement - lightfootwhitecollar.comlightfootwhitecollar.com/materials/bauer.pdf · 1776 K Street NW Washington, DC 20006 Telephone: 202‐719‐7242 rcaccia@wileyrein.com

Key Area of Enforcement: Internet of Things Many cybersecurity researchers have criticized IoT device 

cybersecurity

Best practices and guidance on IoT Security are being published across the federal government• NIST• FTC• Labeling 

In October 2018, the FDA announced new guidance for connected medical devices

Page 28: DOJ Enforcement - lightfootwhitecollar.comlightfootwhitecollar.com/materials/bauer.pdf · 1776 K Street NW Washington, DC 20006 Telephone: 202‐719‐7242 rcaccia@wileyrein.com

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