domain names ferenc suba llm, ma chairman of the board, cert-hungary, theodore puskás foundation...
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Domain Names
Ferenc Suba LLM, MAChairman of the Board,
CERT-Hungary, Theodore Puskás FoundationVice-Chair of the Management Board,
European Network and Information Security Agency
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OverviewWhat is a domain name?
Technical Legal Structure of the DNS TLD
ICANN
UDRP
WIPO
National Dispute Resolution
.eu
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What is a domain name?
Technically Like a phone-number Unique addresses IP address
32-bit numbers often expressed as 4 octets in dotted decimal notation
Alphanumerical string 192.0.34.163 = icann.org
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Legally
Not trademarks
Not ownership User right for a limited period
No laws Self-regulation Request for Comments (RFC) 1591
http://rfc-1591.rfc-index.com
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DNS structure?
DNS = Domain Name System
2 (or more) levels: Top Level Domain (TLD) Second Level Domain (SLD)
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TLD – Top Level Domains Generic TLD (gTLD)
.com, .edu, .gov, .int, .mil, .net, .org .biz, .info, .name, .pro, .aero, .coop,
and .museum
Country Code TLD (ccTLD) ISO 3166 .ee, .lv, .lt, .pl, .hu, .cz, .sk, .ro, .bg, .si
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Hierachy
1. ICANN
2. Registry
3. Registrar
4. Registrant
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ICANN
The Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers
MoU with US Department of Commerce
Coordinating body
IP address space, DNS service management (incl. DNS servers)
Technical focus
RIPE (Réseaux IP Européens)
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Registry operators
Registry, NIC, hostmaster, TLD managerDelegates SLDs (2nd level: .co.uk) Technical responsibilityAdministrative responsibilityDuty to serve the community
National Global internet community
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Delegation procedures
First filed - first served
Established rights local presence, trademark etc.
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Disputes
Cybersquatting (Mr. Smith registers cocacola.com)
Typosquatting (misrosoft, gogle)
Competing use (casino-monaco.com)
Noncompeting use (two George Clooneys)
Reverse domain name hijacking (using weak or nonexistent trademarks to get a registered domain name)
Parody and commentary
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UDRP
Uniform Domain-Name Dispute-Resolution Policy
Approved by ICANN October 24, 1999 Trademark-based domain-name disputes .com, .org, .net, .biz, .info, .name Cancellation or transfer Fast, effective and biased (see appeal
procedure!)
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Abusive registration and use identical or misleadingly similar to a trademark
no rights or legitimate interests
bad faith
All 3 must be proven! (see D1318)
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Legitimate interest Use or preparations to use
Commonly known by that name
Legitimate, noncommercial or fair use
By way of prima facie proofs!! (see D1318)
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Approved providers
Asian Domain Name Dispute Resolution Centre (ADNRC)
CPR Institute for Dispute Resolution (CPR)
The National Arbitration Forum (NAF)
World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)
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WIPO - procedure
Example: casino-monaco.com (Grand Duchy of Monte Carlo vs. Cybinter Ltd. from Hungary, D 1318 before WIPO)
Complainant submits complaint online and off line:
1 signed original + 4 copies to WIPO 1 copy to Respondent 1 copy to Registrar
Complainant pays fee to WIPO
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WIPO - procedure
Defendant submits response online (20 days)
and off line: 1 signed original + 4 copies to WIPO 1 copy to Complainant 1 copy to Registrar
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WIPO - procedure
Panelist appointed within 5 days Decision within 14 days Communication to parties within 3 days Implementation within 10 days Language of registration agreement
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Disputes - ccTLDs
Arbitration like UDRP (Union of Domain Name Resolution
Policy)
Court proceedings national legislation
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.euEC Regulation No 733/2002 on the implementation of the .eu Top Level Domain
EC Regulation No 874/2004 on registration
EC Regulation No 1255/2007 amending 874/2004
Registry appointed
EURid DNS-BE (Belgium) IIT CNR (Italy) NIC SE (Sweden)
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Who is able to register for how much?
i. undertakings having their registered office, central administration or principal place of business within the European Community
ii. organisations established within the European Community without prejudice to the application of national law
iii. natural persons resident within the European Community
iv. Price: 4 euros per domain name + profit of the registrar
i.
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Dispute resolution .eu
Arbitration Court in Prague (Economic and Agricultural Chamber)
Adr.eu Procedure: rules similar to UDRP and WIPO
www.arbcourt.cz/adreu
ssam
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Thank you for your attention!
PTA CERT-Hungarywww.cert-hungary.hu
Theodore Puskás Foundation www.neti.hu
ENISAwww.enisa.europa.eu
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Questions
What is a gTLD and ccTLD?
What does UDRP stand for?
What is reverse domain name hijacking?
Where can a legal dispute about an .eu domain name be resolved?