Domain Ontology of the Roman Artifacts found in the Tomis Fortress

OutlineOutline Ontologies DOLCE+D&S Ontology Methodology Domain and Scope of Ontology Concepts Intension Knowledge about Concepts Taxonomies Ontological Relations Ontological Axioms Ontology Translation into OWL DL and SWRL Ontology Verification and Validation Future Work

OntologiesOntologies N. Guarino: „An ontology is a logical theory

accounting for the intended meaning of a formal vocabulary, i.e. its ontological commitment to a particular conceptualization of the world *”

Types of ontologies:◦ top-level: DOLCE, SUMO, BFO, CYC, GFO◦ domain: history, medicine, engineering◦ task◦ application

Languages: First Order Logic, OWL Tools: Protégé, SemanticWorks, RacerPro

* Guarino, N., Formal Ontology and Information System, In Proceedings of FOIS'98, Trento, Italy, IOS Press, 1998

DOLCE+D&S OntologyDOLCE+D&S Ontology

Particular PT

Perdurant PD

Quality Q

AbstractAB

Feature F

Physical Object POB

Agentive Physical Object APONon-agentive physical Object NAPO

Nonphysical Object NPOB

Mental Object MOB

Social Object SOB Agentive Social Object ASONon-agentive Social Object NASO

Social Agent SAG

Society SC

Arbitrary Sum AS

Event EV Achievement ACH

Accomplishment ACCStative STV

Process PRO

State ST

Temporal Quality TQ

Physical Quality PQ

Abstract Quality AQ

Set

Temporal Location TL

Spatial Location SL

Region R

Temporal Region TR Time Interval T

Endurant ED

Physical Region PR

Abstract Region AR

Spatial Region S

Fact

Amount of matter MPhysical Endurant PED

Nonphysical Endurant NPED

Description

Situation

Concept Course

Role

Parameter

Used MethodologyUsed MethodologyThe methodology used in creating ontology

consider the next steps: 1. determine the domain and scope of the

ontology*2. consider reusing existing ontologies*3. enumerate important terms in the ontology*4. express knowledge using informal statements5. define the classes and the class hierarchy*6. define the properties and relations of classes*7. write additional constraints8. create instances*

* N.F. Noy, D. McGuinness, A Guide to building ontologies: Ontology Development 101. A Guide to Creating Your First Ontology, March, 2001 at http://www.ksl.stanford.edu/people/dlm/papers/ontology101/ontology101-noy-mcguinness.html

Domain and Scope of OntologyDomain and Scope of Ontology

The ontology models the roman epoch ofthe Tomis fortress-Constanta, Romania,between the years 46 A.C. and 610 A.C.and the founded objects from that period.

We consider ships, vessels, constructionstypes, pieces, as well as clothingaccessories and armament elements ofthe roman fighters.

Concepts IntensionConcepts Intension

ConceptName

Intension

amphora Greek vessel of conic or cylindrical shape, with round or sharpbottom, narrow neck and two symmetrical handles; made of woodor ground; used for hold liquids (oil or wine), solid matters, or fordecoration.

chiton Classical Greek piece of garment consists of a rectangle piece of cloth, which was draped around the body and caught by an edge and shoulders with fibula.

tiara A crown-like jeweled headdress

trirema Big dimensions warship, whose propulsive power was provided bythree rows oars. These ships were preeminently used in the II-IIIcenturies B.C.

crater Vase with big dimensions (0.40-0.50 m) used for mixing water andwine.

Concept

Name

Intension Extension

Knowledge about ConceptsKnowledge about Concepts

Code Knowledge

K1 Amphorae are vessels.

K2 The height of amphorae varies from 0.30m to 1.50m.

K3 All amphorae are made of ceramic.

K4 Amphorae were used to hold oil or wine.

K5 The shape of amphorae is conic or cylindrical.

K6 The bottom of amphorae is pointed or round.

K7 All amphorae have two symmetrical handles.

K8 The diameter of the amphora’s neck varies from 0.07m to 0.15m.

K9 The amphorae were made during the Roman and Greek periods.

Pieces of knowledge about amphorae:

Taxonomy of VesselsTaxonomy of Vessels

Taxonomy of Pieces and SculpturesTaxonomy of Pieces and Sculptures

Ontological RelationsOntological RelationsDomain Concept Range Concept Relation

Handle Amphora P (“temporary parthood”)

Neck_amphora Amphora P (“temporary parthood”)

Diameter Neck qt (“quality of”)

Cylindrical Shape ql (“quale of”)

Conic Shape ql (“quale of”)

Pointed Edge ql (“quale of”)

Round Edge ql (“quale of”)

Greek Period ql (“quale of”)

Roman Period ql (“quale of”)

Amphora Ceramic SK (“constantly specifically constituted”)

Vessel Oil hold

Vessel Wine hold

Amphora Period is-made-in

Ontological AxiomsOntological Axioms

K7: All amphorae have two symmetrical handles.

Domain Concept Range Concept Relation

Distance Handle qt

Value Distance ql

Ontology Translation into OWL DL Ontology Translation into OWL DL and SWRLand SWRL

DOLCE OWL DL

Category Class

P temporary-part-of

qt has-quality

ql has-quale

Ontology Verification and Ontology Verification and ValidationValidation

We checked its consistency with the help of the RacerPro reasoner system and the Protégé tool.

Furthermore, the ontology has been validated by the National History and Archeology Museum of Constanta.

Conclusion and Future WorkConclusion and Future Work I presented an ontology of the artifacts found in the

Tomis fortress from Constanta. The developing of our domain ontology is an activity

within the “Using virtual reality in 3D Multi-modalreconstruction of historical sites” (TOMIS) project, no:11-041/2007, the National Centre of ProgramsManagement, PNCDI-2 – Partnerships program.

The taxonomy of this ontology was used for theconstruction of 3D models in virtual reality.

Now, we are using this ontology in order to constructvirtual scenes of a software-authoring tool for virtualenvironments.