Doping drugsDoping drugs

Definition

Word doping originally came from southern africa.

it’s an alchoholic drink use to increase power of local people in dancing ceremonies.

Scandals of doping

Wold Anti-Doping Agency (WADA)

SIX TYPES OF DOPING DRUGS

Stimulants•Stimulants can stimulate the body

both mentally and physically,by acting on the central nervous system.

•increase: –alertness

–physical activity –heart rate

–breathing rates–brain functions.

•Have similar chemical strucrture to adernline and noradernaline

•In athletes improve speed , endurance

Stimulants side effectsIncreased heart rate , high BP , cardiac irregularitiesInsomnia, Anxiety, Tremor, Aggressiveness, loss of appetite.Inhibited judgement / decision making.

Amphetamines: Anxiety, ventricular dysrhythmias, hypertension ,hallucinations , addiction, death

Ephedrine: Anxiety, ventricular dysrhythmias, hypertension ,hallucinations , addiction

Narcotic analgesicspainkillers that act on the brain and spinal cord to treat pain

Narcotic analgesics could be used to reduce or eliminate the pain felt from an injury or illness, allowing them to continue in their training

Narcotics have no ergogenic or performance enhancing qualities .

The danger is that the drug could merely be masking the pain. so, athletes may have a false sense of security, and by continuing to train and compete, risk further health

problems .

Narcotic analgesics side effect

NauseaVomitingDizzinessAddictionHypotensionDrowsinessMood disturbances

Anabolic agents•Anabolic Androgenic Steroids (AAS)

are man made versions of testosterone the male sex hormone.

They increase protein synthesis within cells and build up of cellular tissues

( anabolism )specially in muscles.

Athletes and body builders take anabolic steroids to make their muscles bigger and stronger. The drug also keeps their energy high so they can train longer and harder without getting tired and sore.

Testosterone usage

PEPTIDE HORMONES

•substances that are produced by glands in the body and affectother organs and tissue changes

bodily functions growth, behaviour and sensitivity to pain.

–stimulate the production of hormones–increase muscle growth and strength

–increase the production of red blood cells to improve the blood's ability to carry oxygen.

Peptide hormones side effects

Beta-2 agonistsused to treat asthma by relaxing the muscles that surround the airway and opening up the air passages.

They can act like stimulant or, if Administered into the bloodstream ,

have anabolic effects.

increase muscle size and reduce body fat

Examples: bambuterol hydrochloride, reproterol hydrochloride, tulobuterol hydrochloride

Masking agents

•Masking agents are products that can hide the presence of a banned substance in an athlete's urine or other

sample to cover up their doping

•examples: epitestosterone,diuretics

•Diuretics also use to –reduce weight quickly(important in sport weight categories) –Reduce conentration of drugs in the urine

BLOOD DOPING (Injection of red blood cells)

Blood doping side effects

Gene doping

gene doping, in the future,used by athletes in an attempt to improve the

function of normal healthy cells.

One scenario is the use of genes which produce the hormone IGF-1, transported into the cells and causing the body to produce higher levels of IGF-1, important in the growth and development of musculoskeletal structures

This would be especially beneficial in injured athletes to speed the repair of muscles, tendons, ligaments etc.