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Industrial In-Can

Preservation

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Index

Industrial In-can Preservation What is a Preservative?

Classes of Biocides

CMI/MI

Manufacturing Process and Plant Concerns

Preservative Requirements

Microorganisms involved

Effects of Contamination Products used

The 15 ppm Challenge

Summary

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Industrial In-Can PreservationGeneral category includes

Paint

Latex Slurries

Starches

Textile spinning baths Floor polishes

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What is a preservative?

A preservative is a substance added to aproduct to safeguard against accidental

contamination It is an aid to, not a substitute for GMP

It is not intended to clean up dirty productsor plants

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Classes of Biocides Used

Preservatives

Mildewcides, FungicidesAntifoulants

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Preservatives

Not needed in solvent based paints

Non-aqueous systems do not support

microbial growth Used in water-based solutions

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CMI/MI

N-Me

S

Cl

O

5 -Chloro-2-Methyl-4-isothiazolinone

CAS Registry No : 26172-55-4

EINECS No : 2475007

N-Me

S

O

2-Methyl-4-isothiazolinone

CAS Registry No : 2682-20-4

EINECS No : 2202396

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N - Me

S

Cl

O

Nuc

NucN- Me

S

Nuc

O

N- Me

S

Cl

O

Nuc

Nuc =

RSH, RNH ,

OH , HSO ,

CN , etc...

2

3-

-

-

+ Cl -

Isothiazolinone Reaction

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Mildewcides, Fungicides

Used in both aqueous and solvent-based

paints Protect dried film from attack

Solvent based systems more prone toattack than aqueous or latex systems

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Antifoulants

High levels of biocides

Active biocidal products

Protect against soft (algae, grasses,weeds) and hard (molluscs) fouling

Global environmental regulations singlemost important factor

Almost always used with copper salts

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Manufacturing Process Concerns

pH Emulsion Stability

Partition coefficientSolubiliser Compatibility

Note, extracellular enzymes from bacteria candegrade thickeners and other ingredients

Temperature

Addition during manufacture process needs tobe as early as possible but it will depend onprocess parameters and formulators inclination

Packaging

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Plant Hygiene

Recurrence of individual strains indicateplant hygiene problems

Changing Preservatives may have short

term benefits

In the long term, the problem will return

This leads to preservative tolerance orresistance

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Preservative Requirements

Effective against all relevant organisms

Compatible with all ingredients No change of physical appearance of the

product

Stable and active in the long term

Water soluble

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Microorganisms Involved

Bacillus cereus

Staph aureus

Pseudomonas

Xanthomonas

Enterobacter

Proteus

Flavobacterium Fungi (Fusarium, Aureobasidium)

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Effects of Contamination

Odours

Attack on latex system

Breaking of emulsion

Gassing

Corrosion of cans

Lowering of pH

Colour change Gelling

Loss of viscosity

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Products used

Thor is a major market leaderOffering 17 Dry film preservatives

(13 contain OIT)

Plus 20 different in-can preservatives10 contain CMI/MI

7 contain BIT

Other formulators... Schlke & Mayr..

Bayer... ISP... etc.

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Textron Products

TRELIN P 100*

TRELIN P 85*

TRELIN P 95*

TRELIN P 30 EU*TRELIN LS 383 OT**Contain CMI/MI

TRELIN PF 80Contains triazine

TRELIN PBZ**

TRELIN PBZ 10**

TRELIN PBZ 40**

TRELIN MBZ 5***TRELIN MBZ 35***** Contain BIT

*** Contain MI/BIT

TRELIN MOT 214Contains OIT

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Products used

Products without isothiazolones arepromoted for Metalworking fluids, bitumenemulsions and alkaline formulations

In these cases a triazine compound isused

BIT is used for high pH products

The more common preservatives containCMI/MI plus Formol Donor (HCHO)

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Products Used

HCHO gives headspace protection

More hygienic manufacturing

environment

HCHO is effective

But sometimes undesirable

Bronopol gives less detectable HCHO

But may interfere white colours

BIT is used for high pH products

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The 15 ppm Challenge

CMI/MI is effective but conditions duringthe manufacturing process and physicalplant conditions are obstacles to overcome

Bronopol is not particularly stable but gives

good performance when used with CMI/MI

Bronopol has upper limit of 100 ppm forFDA approval

A common formulation is CMI/MI andFormol Donor in terms of price/effectivenessbalance

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Summary

In-Can preservatives are part of a broadclass of industrial preservatives

Microbial contamination usually occurs fromraw materials, in manufacturing process or

in plant conditions

Addition of Preservatives duringmanufacture process needs to be as earlyas possible but it will depend on processparameters and formulators inclination

Early addition places a greater strain on thepreservative

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Summary

Formulated biocides predominate themarket

Most popular (and effective) are basedon CMI/MI, and BIT for high pH

Formulation usually boosted with HCHOdonor

Bronopol is preferred as a booster when

HCHO cannot be used

Careful formulation may be necessary tocomply with all regulations