© 2006 Plano ISD, Plano, TX
IntroducingIntroducing
© 2006 Plano ISD, Plano, TX
the study of the relationships the study of the relationships between biotic and abiotic between biotic and abiotic
factors in environmentsfactors in environments
the study of the relationships the study of the relationships between biotic and abiotic between biotic and abiotic
factors in environmentsfactors in environments
ecoeco (G) root home, (G) root home, abodeabode
ecoeco (G) root home, (G) root home, abodeabode
log, -o, ylog, -o, y (G) suffix study (G) suffix study ofof
log, -o, ylog, -o, y (G) suffix study (G) suffix study ofof
EcologyEcologyEcoEco
logylogy
© 2006 Plano ISD, Plano, TX
EcosystemEcosystem
includes all includes all abioticabiotic and and bioticbiotic factors factors in one particular environmentin one particular environment
includes all includes all abioticabiotic and and bioticbiotic factors factors in one particular environmentin one particular environment
Biotic Biotic FactorsFactorsBiotic Biotic
FactorsFactorsthe living parts the living parts of an ecosystemof an ecosystemthe living parts the living parts of an ecosystemof an ecosystem
Abiotic FactorsAbiotic FactorsAbiotic FactorsAbiotic Factors
the nonliving the nonliving parts of an parts of an ecosystemecosystem
the nonliving the nonliving parts of an parts of an ecosystemecosystem
© 2006 Plano ISD, Plano, TX
Biotic FactorsBiotic FactorsBioBio
bio(s), bio(t)bio(s), bio(t) (G) root (G) root lifelife
bio(s), bio(t)bio(s), bio(t) (G) root (G) root lifelife
include plants, animals, fungi, include plants, animals, fungi, microorganismsmicroorganisms
include plants, animals, fungi, include plants, animals, fungi, microorganismsmicroorganisms
Abiotic FactorsAbiotic FactorsAAinclude air, water, soil, include air, water, soil,
temperature, wind, source of temperature, wind, source of energy (usually sun)energy (usually sun)
include air, water, soil, include air, water, soil, temperature, wind, source of temperature, wind, source of
energy (usually sun)energy (usually sun)a, ana, an (G) prefix not, without(G) prefix not, withouta, ana, an (G) prefix not, without(G) prefix not, without
© 2006 Plano ISD, Plano, TX
Levels of OrganizationLevels of Organizationsmallest smallest unit of unit of living living thingsthings
smallest smallest unit of unit of living living thingsthings
group of group of similar cells similar cells organized organized to work to work togethertogether
group of group of similar cells similar cells organized organized to work to work togethertogether
group of group of different different kinds of kinds of tissues tissues working working togethertogether
group of group of different different kinds of kinds of tissues tissues working working togethertogether
group of group of organs organs working working togethertogether
group of group of organs organs working working togethertogether
one one individual individual
living thingliving thing
one one individual individual
living thingliving thing
all all organisms organisms
of the same of the same kind living kind living in one areain one area
all all organisms organisms
of the same of the same kind living kind living in one areain one area
all all interacting interacting populations populations
in an in an ecosystem ecosystem
all all interacting interacting populations populations
in an in an ecosystem ecosystem
all living all living and and
nonliving nonliving things things
interacting interacting within a within a
certain area certain area
all living all living and and
nonliving nonliving things things
interacting interacting within a within a
certain area certain area
large region large region with typical with typical plants and plants and
animals animals that that
includes includes several several
ecosystems ecosystems
large region large region with typical with typical plants and plants and
animals animals that that
includes includes several several
ecosystems ecosystems
cell
© 2006 Plano ISD, Plano, TX
ProducerAutotrophs
Rely on sun to create food.Examples
• Plants
• Algae
• Microorganisms
Source of all food in the ecosystem
6H2O + 6CO2 C6H12O6+ 6O2
Contain the most energy based on the 10% rule
© 2006 Plano ISD, Plano, TX
Consumer
• AKA Heterotrophs
4 categories: • Herbivore - Eat mainly
plants. Prefix Herb=grass or herb Suffix vore = to eat
• Omnivore – Eat both plants & animals. Prefix Omni = all
• Carnivore – Eat mainly
animals. Latin carnis
= flesh
• Scavenger – Eat dead organisms
http://www.pearsonsuccessnet.com/snpapp/iText/products/0-13-064376-9/ch17/videoBlank.html?/ebook/products/0-13-064376-9/video/sx02vtlngoro.mov
© 2006 Plano ISD, Plano, TX
Decomposer• Break down waste and dead organisms i.e.
absorbing nutrients return raw materials to the environment
• Important in recycling nutrients!!!
• Usually found on ground or low areas
Examples:
Bacteria
Fungi
© 2006 Plano ISD, Plano, TX
plantsplants
herbivores
carnivores
carnivores
FOOD CHAINSFOOD CHAINS
ProducersProducers
Primary Primary consumersconsumers
SecondarySecondaryconsumersconsumers
Tertiary consumers
But in real ecosystems, who eats who is MUCHMUCH more complicated…instead of food chains, ecologists usually talk about FOOD WEBSFOOD WEBS
© 2006 Plano ISD, Plano, TX
The transfer of energy from sun producer primary consumer
secondary consumer tertiary consumer can be shown in a FOOD
CHAIN.
© 2006 Plano ISD, Plano, TX
• Are interconnected food chains
• They show the feeding relationships in an ecosystem
Food Webs: