© 2008 Eventure Events. All rights reserved.© 2008 Eventure Events. All rights reserved.
The Paths to a Smart Grid The Scouts at SDG&E
Terry MohnSan Diego Gas & Electric
a Sempra Energy utility
Outline
SDG&E service territoryWhy look at smart grid
• Defining a smart grid• Three paths to a smart grid
SDG&E projects• Building a business case• Keep costs down, adds reliability• Consistent architecture• Systems view• Technology refresh• Introduction of SOA leads to new business system choices• How to avoid vendor lock-in and technology obsolescence• Communication network is a corporate strategic investment
How you too can build a regional smart grid
Sempra Utilities
Combined Service Areas
• Largest energy utility customer base in US with over 7.6 million meters serving 29 million customers
• 13 counties
• 233 municipalities
• 22 million population
• 6.7 million residential households
• 325,000 small commercial &industrial customer accounts
• 1,600 large commercial &industrial accounts
Supports the Environment
• Enables renewable and clean energy
• Enables Vehicle to Grid interface– Electric Vehicles– Plug-in hybrid Electric Vehicles
• Reduces spinning reserves• Supports alternative energy supplies
(reduces dependence on foreign oil)• Supports customer• choice (photovoltaics)
Energy Prices
Forward electricity prices are a straightforward signal of anticipated price pressures this summer. The map illustrates recent key summer 2007 forward electricity and natural gas prices. In all, markets are signaling double-digit electricity price increases this summer over last, with natural gas as a clear driver. - FERC 2007 Market Oversight
Energy Demand Growth
• Total electricity sales are projected to increase from 3,660 billion KWhr in 2005 to 5,168 billion KWhr in 2030.
• The largest increase is in the commercial sector, as service industries continue to drive growth.
• Electricity sales are strongly affected by the rate of economic growth.
DOE Report, May 2007
A Smart, Integrated Grid
• Detects and fixes emerging problems
• Incorporates measurement, diagnostics and feedback
• Re-routes power flows
• Enables loads and distributed resources
• Incorporate advances in IT and communication technologies
Characteristics
• Self-healing– A grid able to rapidly detect, analyze, respond and restore from perturbations.
• Empower and incorporate the consumer– The ability to incorporate consumer equipment and behavior in the design and
operation of the grid.• Tolerant of attack
– A grid that mitigates and stands resilient to physical and cyber security attacks.• Provides power quality needed by 21st century users
– A grid that provides a quality of power consistent with consumer and industry needs.
• Accommodates a wide variety of generation options– A grid that accommodates a wide variety of local and regional generation
technologies (including green power).• Fully enables maturing electricity markets
– Allows competitive markets for those who want them.• Optimizes assets
– A grid that uses IT and monitoring to continually optimize its capital assets while minimizing operations and maintenance costs.
Technologies
• Grid-wide integrated communications– Internet for the power grid
• Sensing, metering, measurement– Digital two-way communication devices– Enable generation connect and disconnect– Enhance operator information
• Advanced control capabilities– Computer based grid monitoring – Enables dispatch of distributed resource
• Advance grid components– Energy storage– Distributed generation
• Decision Support– Analytics to guide grid operators– Semi-autonomous agent software
Three Paths to Starting a Regional Smart Grid
• Organic – business as usual– Huge capital expenditures as assets retire– New technologies lead to declining costs
• Utility of the future– Spread costs across several projects
• Smart Meter– Communication infrastructure is key– Digital electric meters are also sensors
Smart Grid – It’s a Concept, Not a System
• Interactive with Consumers and Markets• Adaptive• Optimized to make best use of resources• Predictive rather than reactive to prevent
emergencies• Accommodates a variety of generation
options• Integrated
– merging monitoring– control– protection– maintenance
• Secure from attack
Smart Meter - It’s More Than Meters, It’s Foundational
• Digital Meters – Data storage– Calibrated– Upgradeable Software– Bi-directional, secure communication– “near” real-time rates and energy
measurement• Remote connect and disconnect• Home Area Network• Designed for distribution automation,
distributed generation, autonomous islanding
• Net metering for consumer generation choices
– Hydrogen– Solar– Electric vehicles
• New utility applications – OMS, DMS, GIS, ERP, SOA
• Fiber and wireless everywhere – transmission and distribution
• Blurring the lines between IT and Electric T&D
Smart Home - It’s Consumer Choice
• Alignment with Renewable Energy, Demand Response & Energy Efficiency Goals
• Infrastructure, tariffs, programs & services • Energy usage measurement protocol • Educate customers about
– Pricing & the time varying nature of the cost of energy – Actions that can be taken to impact usage & lower energy bills – The environmental benefits of reducing energy usage &
renewable energy• Requires an Interactive Customer Interface for
information & resources – A universal platform (open architecture) – Technology that utilizes smart meter / HAN
SDG&E Smart Grid Projects
• AMI, or Smart Meter with Smart Homes• Utility of the Future, or Operational Excellence• Planning for the future, or R&D
SmartGeneration
SmartEnd Use
SmartGrid
Centralized Distributed
Baseload
CHP
Peaking
Critical / Backup
Remote Power
Smart Storage
Transmission Distribution
Asset Management
Back Office Software
Load Management
Advanced Metering
Energy Mgmt Systems
Power ElectronicsCommunications
& Control
Site Planning& Design
Grid Monitoring
Grid Automation
Residential
Small Appliances
Commercial / Industrial
Smart Meters & Devices
Energy Consulting& ESCOs
Building Automation
Smart Energy
Computers, Electronics, Advanced Materials
Elements of Our Smart Grid
Smart Home
Smart Grid
Smart Meter
SDG&E Smart Grid
• Developing distributed energy resources (DER) integration, enabling renewable and clean energy development. Distributed generation (DG) system can provide benefits to utility operations and customers and to introduce alternative service solutions for providing safe and reliable energy.
• DG systems, a subset of DER, are a wide range of electricity generating technologies
– solar photovoltaics – small wind turbines– fuel cells– natural gas microturbines– internal combustion engines– Combined Heat and Power (CHP)
• Developing integration technologies to support Vehicle to Grid interfaces, grid frequency regulation (to match small differences in load and generation profile), and reduction in spinning reserves (standby resources that are required to come on line in case of an emergency).
• Deploying foundational advanced smart metering infrastructure
SDG&E Smart Meter
• Smart metering uses a new meter and communications system to remotely send energy use information.
• It also allows the utility to securely communicate with the meter and send customers information about energy usage and corresponding price information.
SDG&E Smart Home
• Designed for two-way information flow– New services could be added– Require WAN high-speed communications
• Home area network (HAN)– Open industry standards, non-proprietary, inter-operability– Working with the other CA IOU’s– Secure means of sending information between utility and end
points (tolerant of attacks)
• Communications infrastructure supports long-term vision to collect:– Power quality information– New sensor data for smart grid, building automation designs– Grid state (monitoring, automation)
Primary Program Areas
Field Force • Real-time scheduling and dispatch (e.g. re-route on the fly)• Automated work order administration to reduce paperwork• Mobile data/information available at job site
Asset Management • Enterprise Geographic Information System Platform• Outage and Distribution Management Systems (SDG&E only) with real-time monitoring• Asset Management System with predictive maintenance ability
Customer Care• Enhanced internet self-service options • Voice recognition IVR system and optimized call routing• Outbound dialing to notify customers of arrival time
IT Infrastructure• New and upgraded network hardware to support increased voice/data communications
requirements• Improved software integration platform to more efficiently interface business
applications• Improved security features, such as encryption and authentication, to support the
increase in networked devices (e.g., Mobile Data Terminals, sensors on Transmission & Distribution infrastructure, etc.)
SDG&E Business Case Procedure
• OMS/DMS• Distributed Generation• Grid Design• Conditioned-based Maintenance
OMS / DMS - Benefits
• Reduction in forced outages/interruptions• Reduction in restoration time• Reduced O&M due to predictive analytics and grid self healing• Reduction in peak demand• Increased integration of distributed generation resources and higher
capacity utilization• Increased security and tolerance to attacks / natural disasters• Power quality, reliability, and system availability and capacity
improvement due to improved power flow• Increased capital investment efficiency due to tighter design limits and
optimized use of grid assets• Environmental benefits gained by increased asset utilization
• Assumes AMI and GIS are implemented prior to project completion
OMS/DMS Value Levers – Operator Productivity
Supporting Evidence
Min
ute
s
Improved Safety
Reduced Apprentice Training Time
Reduced Telephone and Radio Time
Reduced Data Entry
Checking/Review of Manually Written Switching Orders
Automated Outage Reporting
20
30
10
40
50
60
- Other Benefits -
• Operators manually direct field workers via phone/radio
• Outage reporting produced/reviewed manually by operators
60 min / day on average increased operator productivity
• No integration from SORT-OMS to enable real-time visibility to troubleshooter activities
• Operators field phone calls due to lack of visibility to outage and network related data
• Apprentice training involves many disparate systems
• Support staff double checks outage reports – 2 hours per day
• Switching orders produced manually• Afternoon shift re-checks orders created in the morning
- Other Intangible Benefits -
Reduced Support Staff (Outage Reporting)
• Switching plans are not suggested
• Safety can be improved through improved outage information
OMS-DMS Cash Flow
($30,000,000)
($20,000,000)
($10,000,000)
$0
$10,000,000
$20,000,000
$30,000,000
$40,000,000
$50,000,000
$60,000,000
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025
Net Cash f low Cumulative Cash f low
Cash Flow – OMS / DMS
Application Architecture
DG
Weather
Cal ISO
Supply Chain
Work Mgmt
Schedule & Dispatch
Mobile
TasksStatus
TasksWork & Inspection Data
MaterialAvailability
MaterialOrders
OMS
Data Historian(Pi)
CBM
EMS SCADA - T
DMS
CIS
SCADA - D
Financials
CommandsDataStatus & Outage Data
WorkRequirements
Meters Sensors
AssetProfile
Outage Info; Work Assignments
Smart Grid
Key
Asset / Field
Other Systems
Other
Systems View
• The “Systems View” perspective takes a holistic and objective approach to a subject, including technical, economic, regulatory, political, and societal aspects.
• It includes the complete recognition of the power system as one integrated machine having many interdependent parts.
• It recognizes that solutions can come from a wide and diverse range of sources.
• A “Systems View” also takes account of the full range of costs and benefits to society associated with the provision of reliable power.
• Current State – Data IS NOT Easily Visible Across Operational Units
• Future State – Easily Visible Data Across Operational Units
Sharing Operational Data
A I S
O M S / D M S
G I S
C B M
• Like a puzzle, even when the information is visible – linking it together makes the difference
Asset Management Initiative
Enterprise Architecture
• A comprehensive set of principles, policies and standards used to align Information Technology (IT) assets with an organization's business processes to support the organization's overall strategy.
• An enterprise architecture describes and documents current and future (desired) relationships
• Answers basic questions like: What are the organization's business processes and how is IT enabling them?
Purpose & Process
• Align projects with Enterprise Architecture– Define structure and processes to improve consistency &
adherence to enterprise architecture and drive business value
• Establish a forum to evolve our Enterprise Architecture– Method to discuss and track architectural considerations early
in the process resulting in a united approach to solving enterprise requirements
– To increase awareness, understanding and agreement of activities and initiatives that have architectural implications
SOA is About Business Agility
• Adaptability & Speed– Abstracts underlying technology– Platform independence– Common language – consistent way of
communication, interoperability– Loosely coupled
• Each service fulfills a function independently• Services can combine to work together
– Common business meanings
• Requires higher level of efforts– Discipline and commitment
• Requires time to mature and to build critical mass– Availability of Business Services
Smart Meter Solution Architecture Context
MV90Meters
MV90 Head-End
Platforms
AMIHead-EndPlatforms
ExternalParties
Cu
sto
me
r We
b A
cc
es
sR
es
ide
nti
al
an
d C
&I
Cu
sto
me
rsC
&I
Cu
sto
me
rs Ins
talla
tion
Ve
nd
ors
RegulatorsInstallationApplications
Integration Platforms
EMF – (Web Services)
LegacyApplications
MDMSApplications
Data
SDG&E Enterprise
Operational Applications &
Monitoring
EDIX (SFTP/B2B)
ETL
SmartMeters
Marts
RegulatorsInstallationApplications
Operation Technology Vision with SAP Overlay
PlanningPlanning&&
AnalysisAnalysis(Limited)(Limited)
GraphicGraphicDesignDesign
WorkWorkSchedulingScheduling
WorkWorkManagementManagement
OutageOutageManagementManagement
MaintenanceMaintenance&&
InspectionInspection
MobileMobileWorkforceWorkforce
ManagementManagement
Customer Customer InformationInformation
SAP FinancialsSAP Financials
DataRepositories
DataRepositories
SAP MaterialsSAP Materials
MyINFO HRMyINFO HR
SCADASCADA AMIAMI
SynerGEESynerGEE
Doc MgmtDoc Mgmt
Crew Crew DispatchingDispatching
Data Data MaintenanceMaintenance
Data ViewingData Viewing(I.e. Web GIS)(I.e. Web GIS)
(Limited)(Limited)
TimekeepingTimekeeping
B.I. ToolsB.I. Tools
OSI PIOSI PI
SCADASCADA GISGIS
WMSWMSM&IM&I
Data WarehouseData Warehouse
SAP CapabilitySAP Capability
SAP PartnerSAP Partner
Non SAPNon SAP
LegendLegend
XIXI
Utility Area NetworkNetwork / Telecommunications Infrastructure OverviewD
ata
Ce
nte
r / H
ea
de
nd
Su
bst
atio
n / A
gg
reg
ato
r
Tra
nsf
orm
er
/ Co
nce
ntr
ato
r
Ele
ctric
Me
ter / P
ort
al
Ho
me
De
vice
s / C
PE
Backhaulhigh capacity data link
WANw ide areanetw ork
LANlocal area netw ork
HANhome area netw ork
Microwave
Fiber Optics
WiMAX
Landline
BPL -- Medium Voltage
PLC -- Medium Voltage
Unlicensed Band
Licensed Band Bluetooth
Unlicensed Bands
PLC
BPL
WiMAX
PLC -- Low Voltage
BPL -- Low Voltage
LandlineLandline Landline
WiFi
Cellular
GatewayBPL Node
Poletop DeviceCollector
Electric MeterCable ModemDSL ModemBPL Modem
Gas MeterWater Meter
Smart ThermostatLoad ControllerHome Display
PCAppliances
PhoneTV
Satellite
ZigBee
CAT5 Cable
Wired:
Wireless:
Wired:Wired:
Wireless:
Wired:
Wireless
Medium Haulmedium capacity data link
Proprietary
CATV CATVCATV
Fiber Optics
Pager
WiFi
Commercial CarrierPrivate Tower
Network ManagementBack OfficeISP InterfaceApplication
# of Points IncreasingBandwidth Increasing
ZigBee
Unlicensed Bands
Cellular
Licensed Bands
Satellite
WiFi
Wireless:
Proprietary
Pager
WiMax
Fiber Optics Fiber Optics
Smart Meter: Foundational
Smart Home
Smart Meter
DG; storage
Self-heal; Self-sense
Real-time Analytics
Intelligent Dispatch
Central Automated Operations
TODAY
FUTURE
Future Vision: optimize use of technology to
improve service to customers and
operational efficiency
Smart Grid
High Level Recommendations
Identify financial benefits and costs• To the business
– Rate Structure– Carbon Footprint– Reduced Congestion– Introduce Distributed Generation
• To society – not that easy for a utility– Reliability– Power Quality– Environment
• Capital projects• Research & development projects
Possible Next Steps
• Advanced metering infrastructure– Digital electric meters are also “SENSORS”– Regional communication system– Home area network
• Operational initiatives– Outage management system/distribution
management system– Condition based maintenance
• Feeder automation system technologies– Pilots of autonomous, automated switching
© 2008 Eventure Events. All rights reserved.
Terry MohnTechnology Strategist, SDG&E
Vice Chairman, GridWise Alliance