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" Brain activities during Go/No-Go Association Task "
Kouichi Hioki1,Katsunori Matsuoka2, Hiroshi Watanabe2, Hiroyuki Umemura2
1Kobe University Graduate school of letters, Kobe, Japan. 2National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Human Stress Signal Research Center, Japan.
E-mail:[email protected]
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Plan of presentation
What is Go/No-Go Association Task(GNAT) Our Opinion Neurophysiological knowledge Method and result Conclusion
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What is Go/No-Go Association Task(Dilemma of social psychology)
Although discrimination still exists, White Americans tend to answer that they don’t have prejudice to African Americans(Wittenbrink, Judd, Park., 1997.).
↓ Some distortion is included in measurement in
question papers.
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What is GNAT
Greenwald, McGhee, & Schwartz, (1998) noted that there are some differences in reaction time to stereotype words between high and low prejudice person.
And they created Implicit Association Test(IAT) as a measure for implicit prejudiced degree.
Then, Nosek & Banaji(2001) created Go/No-Go Association Task(GNAT) as an improved version of IAT.
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What is GNAT
Bugs Good
FleaCockroachSpiderLilyRoseSunflowerHonerPoisonLuckyHappyEvilSad
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What is GNAT
Flower Bad
FleaCockroachSpiderLilyRoseSunflowerHonerPoisonLuckyHappyEvilSad
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What is GNAT
GNAT is considered to be the tool which measures the strength of the implicit association between a concept and an attribute category.
However, it remains an unsettled question whether the GNAT score is a score which reflected "Association" truly.
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Our Opinion
While performing the incongruent trials (e.g., discriminating “Flower” and “Bad” from distracters), we should be making the conflict state occur.
And while performing the congruent trials(“Flower” and “Good”) , a conflict state will not occur.
They can be checked on Neurophysiologcally.
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Neurophysiological knowledge
Conflict state: The characteristic which a stimulus has crosses
(“Bug”=bad ⇔ “Good” = good)
and the amount of information which should be processed increases.
・ When a conflict state occurs, Anterior Cingulate Cortex(ACC) will also be activated
( Fan, Flombaum, McCandliss, Thomas, & Posner, 2003 ) .
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Hypothesis While performing the incongruent trials
(e.g., discriminating “Flower” and “Bad” from distracters), we should be making the conflict state occur.
While performing the congruent trials(“Flower” and “Good”) , a conflict state will not occur.
In Incongruent trials.
→Negative brain waves would be checked In Congruent trials.
→Negative brain waves wouldn’t be checked
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Method Participants:4 male participants Recorded Event Related Potentials(ERP) with 5
tin electrodes during GNAT trials . Trial:Congruent Trial(72trials): Discriminating “Flower” and “Good”
from distractersIncongruent Trial (72trials) : Discriminating “Flower” and “Bad” from
distracters
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Data Sampling
Sampling late: 1000Hz. Base line: left earlobe Filter: Below 0.5Hz. Above 30Hz. Fz/Cz/C3/C4/Pz ( The10‐20system )
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Results
All the participants showed short reaction time in Congruent Trials.
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Waveforms(Congruent Trial)
-8-6-4-202468
FZ CZ PZ C3 C4
μV
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Waveforms(Incongruent Trial)
-8-6-4-202468
FZ CZ PZ C3 C4
μV
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Waveforms(FZ)
-8-6-4-202468
-1500
-1200
-900-600
-300response
300600
9001200
Fz(Congruent) Fz(Incongruent)
μV
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Conclusion All the participants showed short reaction
time in Congruent Trials. Only in Incongruent trials, the
negative waveform has been checked at after about 200ms from the reaction .
The ACC activated only in GNAT Incongruent trials.
Therefore, we can say the GNAT time –lag may reflect cognitive conflict.