Periodic Table
Coloring the periodic Table
Hydrogen is a NONMETAL despite its placement on the left hand side of the P.Table.
Metals-Left of “staircase” Nonmetals-Right of “staircase” Alkali metals-first family Alkaline Earth metals-second family Halogens-second to last family Noble gases-last family Lanthanides-pulled out first row Actinides-pulled out second row
Families-Alkali Metals
Group 1 (excluding Hydrogen) React with water violently! Lose a valence electron to become 1+ Cations Soft, highly reactive, good conductors
of heat and electricity,
Alkali Metals
Li› Lithium batteries, lithium in dehumidifiers,
strengthens glass, used to treat mood swings, fireworks.
Na› Found in table salt, vapor lamps, sodium
potassium pump in animals to create gradient in cells, fireworks.
K› Active transport pump, nerve cell conduction,
fertilizer, salt substitute, fireworks.
Families-Alkaline Earth Metals
Group 2 Shiny solids, harder than alkali metals Lose 2 valence electrons, 2+ charge Cations React with water (except Beryllium) React with oxygen
Alkaline Earth Metals
Calcium-› bones, teeth, bloodstream, limestone, chalk,
marble, coral reef, Magnesium-
› alloys of magnesium and aluminum and zinc are strong, but light
› Plants need it to make chlorophyll› Found in hard water (makes it difficult for soap
to work properly
› Strontium-fireworks-red color
Families-Halogens
Group 17 (sometimes referred to as 7A)
Forms compounds with almost all metals.
Gain one valence electron to become 1- charge
Anions
Halogens
Fluorine› Toothpaste, drinking water
Chlorine› Gas at room temperature, deadly gas,
bleaching agents, anesthetics at the dentist, disinfects water, found in stomach acid.
Bromine› Used in photographic film
Iodine› Need in diet to maintain healthy thyroid gland,
kills bacteria
Families-Noble Gases
Group 18 (sometimes listed as 8A) Last naturally occurring elements to be
discovered. Xe will react with F (F is so reactive) Fairly inert (stable) Gas at room temperature
Noble Gases
He-› used to inflate balloons, sun, deep sea
diving tanks Ne-
› light displays (electricity excites electrons, when they fall it releases energy in the form of light)
Ar-› most abundant noble gas on Earth,
atmosphere, welding,
Metals
Left of staircase Cations Give up electrons Good conductors of heat and electricity High melting and boiling points. Generally solids, at room temperature. Malleable (sheets) and Ductile (wire)
Metalloids
Either side of the staircase Physical and chemical properties of
both metals and nonmetals. Used in computer chips and solar cells Germanium and Silicon are the most
used. B, Si, Ge, As, Sb, Te, Po,
Nonmetals
Upper right side of periodic table (right of staircase)
Generally gases, Generally brittle and dull Poor conductors of heat and electricity The only liquid at room temperature is
Bromine, others are all gases
Main Group Elements
Inner Transition Elements (these are pulled out otherwise the periodic table would be too long!
Groups-Review 1-18 as you go Across in the periodic
table.
Valence electrons The number of electrons occupying the
outermost energy level. 1-8, s and p blocks. 1-8 main group elements. Each family has the SAME number of
valence electrons.
blocks
s, p, d, f
Review Questions
The group with one valence electron and very reactive with water is the…..
Alkali metals
Review Questions
The block that contains alkali metals and alkaline earth metals.
S block
Review Questions
The elements that are ON the staircase are referred to as……..because they have both properties of metals and nonmetals.
metalloids
Review Questions
Fluorine is in the family…..
halogens
Review Questions
Group 13 contains how many valence electrons?
3
Review Questions
Group 18 contains how many valence electrons?
8 except for Helium which only contains 2
Review Questions
These elements are good conductors of heat and electricity and make up most of the elements on the periodic table.
metals
Review Questions
These are mostly gases at room temperature except Bromine which is a liquid at room temperature.
nonmetals
Review Questions
At atom that loses an electron is termed a….
cation
Review Questions
An atom that gains an electron is termed an….
anion