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ABRASIVE JET MACHINING
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WHAT IS ABRASIVE JET MACHINING ? It is the material removal process
where the material is removed by high velocity stream of air/gas or water and abrasive mixture .
An abrasive is small, hard particle having sharp edges and an irregular shape .
High velocity jet is aimed at a surface under controller condition .
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COMPONENTS OF ABRASIVE JET
MACHINING
Abrasive delivery system Control system Pump Nozzle Mixing tube Motion system
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1. ABRASIVE DELIVERY SYSTEM
Auto abrasive delivery system has the capability of storing abrasive & delivery the abrasive to the bucket . It’s works auto programming system by help of once measuring record & no adjustment or fine tuning system . High sensitive sensor gives extremely reliable & repeatable .
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2.CONTROL SYSTEM
The control algorithm that computes exactly how the feed rate should vary for a given geometry in a given material to make a precise part .
The algorithm actually determines desired variation in the feed rate & the tool path to provide an extremely smooth feed rate .
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3.PUMP Crankshaft & intensifier pump are
mainly use in the abrasive jet machine .
The intensifier pump was the only pump capable of reliably creating pressures high . Crankshaft pumps are more efficient than intensifier pumps because they do not require a power
robbing hydraulic system ultra high pressure
& more stroke per minute .
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4.NOZZLE All abrasive jet systems use the same
basic two stage nozzle . First , water passes through a small diameter jewel orifice to form a narrow jet .
The abrasive particles are accelerated by the moving stream of water & they pass into a long hollow cylindrical
ceramic mixing tube. Generally two type of nozzle use , right angle head & straight head .
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FIG. OF NOZZLE
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5. MIXING TUBE The mixing tube is where the
abrasive mixes with the high pressure water .
The mixing tube should be replaced when tolerances drop below acceptable levels . For maximum accuracy , replace the mixing tube more frequently .
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6.MOTION SYSTEM In order to make precision
parts , an abrasive jet system must have a
precision x-y table and motion control system . Tables fall into three general
categories . Floor-mounted gantry systems Integrated table/gantry systems Floor-mounted cantilever systems
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WORKING PROCESS
High pressure water starts at the pump , and is delivered through special high pressure plumbing to the nozzle .
At the nozzle , abrasive is introduced & as the abrasive/water mixture exits , cutting is performed .
Once the jet has exited the nozzle , the energy is dissipated into the catch tank , which is usually full of water & debris from previous cut .
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FIG . SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF AJM
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AJM FEATURES There are main features of AJM Obtainable tolerances Material to machine Material thickness Accuracy of table Stability of table Control abrasive jet
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MACHINE ASPECTS Around curves Inside corner Feed rate Acceleration Nozzle focus Speed cutting Pump pressure Hardness & thickness Software controlling the motion Power at the nozzle
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TYPES OF ABRASIVE MATERIALS
Different types of abrasive are used in abrasive jet machining like garnet , aluminum oxide , olivine , silica sand , silicon carbide ,etc .
Virtually any material can be cut by using abrasive jet machining method , i.e harder
materials like titanium to steel. Abrasive particles must be
hard ,high toughness, irregular in shape & edges
should be sharp .
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ADVANTAGES
Extremely fast setup & programming
No start hole required There is only one tool Low capital cost Less vibration No heat generated in work
piece Environmentally friendly
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DISADVANTAGES
Low metal removal rate Due to stay cutting accuracy is
affected Abrasive powder cannot be
reused Tapper is also a problem
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CONCLUSION
The better performance , and the applications represented above statements confirm that
ABRASIVE JET MACHINING is continue to expand .
The new software’s used to minimize time and investments , there by making it possible for more manufacturers of precision parts to install AJM centers .