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Mercantilism
Policy to export more than you import
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Monarch
A King or a queen
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Colony
A group of people who settle in a new land but keep ties to their homeland.
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Indentured Servant
Person who agreed to work for someone else for 4-7 years in exchange for passage to the New World.
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Slave
People who had few rights and spent their lives in servitude
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Trustee
A person who holds responsibilities for others
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Charter
A legal document that grants special rights and privileges
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Militia
A citizen’s army
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Middle Man
A person who buys from a producer then sells to traders and consumers.
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Garrison
A fort where troops are housed
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Artisans
Craftsmen
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Regulations
Government orders(instead of laws)
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The Founding of Georgia
The 13th Colony
WHO SHOULD HELP THOSE WHO CANNOT HELP THEMSELVES?
DOES IT MAKE A DIFFERENCE IF THE PERSON CANNOT OR WILL NOT HELP THEMSELVES?
THOUGHT QUESTION
Gin Lane
The Spanish Wanted God, Gold, and Glory.
The English (British)
Wanted to pursue colonization to support mercantilism.
http://www.gpb.org/georgiastories/story/mercantilism
The French Primary focus was on the fur trade.
JamestownFirst permanent colony created in the New World.
Initially unsuccessful, but then grew tobacco, rice and indigo to send back to England.
Led to more colonies being built to produce agricultural products.
Maryland (1632 Carolina (1663- divided in 1712) Georgia 1733
James Oglethorpe
Considered to be the founder of Georgia.
Member of the British Parliament
Wanted to reform British prisons.
Unemployment severe in EnglandPeople owed money - debtsDebtors (and their families) put in prisonHorrible prison conditions
Why did English prisons need reform?
James Oglethorpe wanted to help because his friend, Robert Castell, died of smallpox in prison. Castell had been sent to prison because he could not pay his debts.
King George II & The Charter of 1732Georgia was created by a charter- written permission from the King to settle land
Oglethorpe and John Percival were given a charter to create Georgia
Georgia named after King George II
Colony: a settlement in a new land but still has ties to the home country.
Charter signed June 20, 1732
Charter set up boundaries & limited power of officials
Georgia’s three purposes
1. Charity – Get rid of poverty and unemployment
2. Economics – Increase Britain's trade and wealth-Wanted to plant Mulberry trees to make silk to send back to England to make fancy clothes
3. Defense – Georgia would be a buffer colony to protect South Carolina from attack by the Spanish in Florida.
Religion – Home for Protestants being persecuted in England
Catholics were not allowed- WHY?
Unofficial Purpose
Georgia’s Boundaries Georgia was in between the Altamaha and Savannah River. Continues to the west coast (California).
Boundaries: North: Savannah R South: Altamaha R East: Atlantic Ocean West: Pacific Ocean
The CharterGeorgia was a Trustee Colony
Oglethorpe and 20 other British gentlemen would run the colony for 21 years (21 for 21)
The CharterRules for the Trustees
1. They would not be paid2. They could not receive any of the land in
Georgia3. They could not hold public office
Banned Slavery (thought it would make colonists lazy.)
Banned Liquor/Rum (beer and wine were ok, even for children, because of unhealthy water quality. Again, the fear was that hard liquor would make colonists lazy.)
Did not allow lawyers or Catholics
Largest farms could only be 500 acres
Oglethorpe’s Plan to keep Georgia as a Model Society.
Colonists were required to defend the colony.
Colonists had to grow mulberry trees (for silkworms).
Colonists could not sell their land.
Land could not be passed to female heirs.
They had to obey all of the Trustee’s rules.
Oglethorpe’s Plan to keep Georgia as a Model Society.
http://www.gpb.org/georgiastories/stories/daily_life_in_georgia
Daily life in Georgia
Exit/Review Questions 1. Why did James Oglethorpe want to
create Georgia? 2. What are the three reasons and the
one unofficial reason for the creation of Georgia?
3. What is a buffer? 4. What religious group could you not be
apart of to live in Georgia? 5. How far did the original western
border of Georgia stretch to?
If you were Oglethorpe
Take out a clean sheet of paperWrite a sentence or two answering:
What would be the first thing you would do in establishing a new colony in an unsettled land?
The first colonists
35 families selected No debtors selected Farmers, carpenters, tailors, bakers, merchants and trade people
Families received free land, weapons, tools and had to live under trustee rules
1. restriction on land and inheritance (land belonged only to men)
2. No slavery 3. No rum and hard liquors 4. Must defend the colony against all
enemies. 5. Obey all rules and regulations the
Trustees set up.
Remember the Colonist’s Rules:
Arrival of The AnnThe First Colonists sailed to Georgia on Nov 1732, Oglethorpe and 114 settlers sail on the ship the Ann (also spelled Anne)
February 12,1733 ---Colonists arrive at Yamacraw Bluff- and met the Yamacraw Indians who lived there.
Tomochichi
Georgia Day
Chief of the Yamacraw Indians
Welcomed Oglethorpe and English
Allowed them to build town-Indians wanted to trade with English
Wouldn’t have to travel to South Carolina to trade
Tomochichi
http://www.todayingeorgiahistory.org/content/tomochichi
One of the most important people in Georgia History
She was half Indian/half English She served as translator for Chief
Tomochichi & Oglethorpe Georgia colony built near John & Mary
Musgrove’s trading post
MARY MUSGROVE
Tomochichi and several Indian representatives journeyed to England with Ogelthorpe to meet George II.
They made a very good impression on the English.
Oglethorpe and Tomochichi
http://www.todayingeorgiahistory.org/content/georgia-indians-england
Oglethorpe and Tomochichi
Georgia’s First Settlement
Settlement named Savannah after the river.
Laid out in a series of squares
First planned city in America
Heat and disease hurt the colonists Caught dysentery from the Savannah River The only Doctor died two months after the
colony started (April of 1733) first year, 25% of the colonists died from
the hardships
Disease and Hardship
http://www.gpb.org/georgiastories/story/expectations_versus_reality
1. What is a trustee?
2. What kinds of people came to Georgia?
3. Were any debtors sent to the colonies?
4. Why did Tomochichi allow the English to settle?
5. What role did Mary Mugrove play in Georgia’s settlement?
Exit Questions
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Why did Chief Tomochichi allow Oglethorpe to settle on Yamacraw Bluff?
READ & PUT INTO YOUR OWN WORDS: The Yamacraw Indians had become dependent on English goods and they had to travel to the South Carolina colony to get them. If a new English colony was built, it would be closer for the Yamacraws to trade.