*North Carolina Sectionalism
*Sectionalism
*Sectionalism DEFINITION: Intense loyalty to one’s region
*In NC, begins with North vs. South in Tidewater
*Why did Sectionalism develop in NC?
*1. Different Background (Ethnicity, Religions)
*2. Different Wealth
*No Permanent Capitol- Capitol moves with governor
- Records moved
- Assembly always moving
*Tw
o D
istr
icts
–
Gra
nville
vs.
Cap
e
Fear
*District 1: Granville District (Albemarle, North) - was not sold back to the Crown by the Proprietors with the rest of the colony
- Taxes different
- Laws different
- Representation different
*District 2: Cape Fear District (South)
People in Cape Fear feel they are treated unfairly by government from Granville District.
- Granville: 5 Reps
- Cape Fear: 2 Reps
*The Cape Fear Region got laws passed that favored them by waiting for bad weather to prevent other representatives from attending the meeting UNFAIR
*Gov. Johnson elected from Cape Fear (1746)
*Waits for bad weather to stall reps coming from Granville
*Calls legislature to order
*Votes in all Cape Fear laws
*Albemarle/Granville rebels against laws for 7 years
*Gov. Johnson dies; Crown appoints Arthur Dobbs governor
*King makes Dobbs remove 1746 Cape Fear laws, except PERMANAENT CAPITOL WILL STAY NEW BERN
*1765 – New governor William Tryon
*1767 – Begins building a governor’s residence/capitol – “Tryon’s Palace” – home of the first capitol in North Carolina. William
Tryon
West East (Capitol: New
Bern)Newcomers Long-Time Residents
Diverse Backgrounds English
Small Farms Large Farms/Towns
Poor WEALTHY
*Sectionalism
*Granville vs. Cape Fear – More about control of government (taxes, representation).
*Backcountry (West) vs. East – Easterners wanted to hold onto wealth and political power, often at the expense of the backcountry.
*Government in the East
*Backcountry (Western Region) had little voice in government/legislature
*Representation by county, not population
*East has more counties = more representatives
*For each new Western county, East divided a county a tactic to ensure the East maintains power
*1770: 1/3 of population lives in West, but only 15/81 representative from West
*Representation, Taxes, Laws Unfair to West
*Cost of Governor’s Palace
*Land Taxes – based on acres, not population
*Poll Taxes – tax to vote
*West sends petitions to Tryon to try to change laws/taxes
*Western settlers did not like “foreign” English government
*Tryon attempts fairness, has bad advisors
*Edmund Fanning – tax collector in Orange County
* Fancy gentleman
* Acts very rude to backcountry settlers
* Collects extra taxes to make himself rich
Edmund
Fanning
*REGULATORS
*Backcountry elects Herman Husband to legislature
*Meets with governor to try to get unfair taxes repealed
*Regulators were created to protest gov’t abuses
*Wealthier colonists considered them to be a mob
*Regulators led by Herman Husband
*1768: Regulators refuse to pay taxes
*REGULATORS - CONTINUED
*One Regulator has his horse taken by Fanning’s men – “back taxes”
*Regulators go to Hillsborough & take back the horse shoot at Fanning’s house
*Husband is arrested/charged with inciting a riot
*700 Regulators threaten to storm the jail
*Tryon releases/pardons Husband
*REGULATORS - CONTINUED
*1770: Regulators break into Orange County Courthouse to protest taxes
*Remove judge
*Attack Fanning, dragged him down courthouse steps
*Ransack Fanning’s house
*Tryon calls in militia to fight Regulators
*1771: BATTLE OF ALAMANCE
*Regulators vs. Tryon’s militia
* Militia wins
* 6 Regulator leaders hanged
* Husband escapes
* Ends Regulator Movement
Task #1Create a Venn Diagram comparing eastern NC to western NC.
Task #2Imagine you are a regulator. Would you side with the Patriots or Great Britain in the struggle for independence?