Traits are controlled by _Proteins_
2 Types:
Structural = Build the body (skin, hair, muscle, blood)
Enzymes = speed up, slow down, start, or stop cellular/chemical reactions (usually end in –ase)
DNA → Proteins → Traits
Controls the _production_
of
Controls the _expression_
of
How do we get to the “who” we are?
Trait – a specific characteristic like eye color, or height that varies from one individual to another.
Variation – the _version_ that an organism can inherit of a trait.
Traits vs Variations
Proteins are made up of repeating units (MONOMERS) called amino acids. All amino acids have a similar basic structure.
PROTEINS
There are only _20_ different amino acids.
A protein may contain anywhere from 50 to 5,000 amino acids.
Amino Acids = Protein building blocks
Essential Amino Acids
Glucose can be changed back into some amino acids IF certain nitrogen-containing molecules are available.
HOWEVER, there are 8 necessary aa that cannot be synthesized in human cells so they have to be ingested in your diet.
B/C of this they are called essential amino acids:
Isoleucine Leucine Lysine Methionine
Phenylalanine Threonine Tryptophan Valine
What determines the protein synthesized ?
A different _number_
and/or
_sequence_ of amino acids
results in a different protein.
Basic Amino Acid Structure
3 parts to an amino acid:
1. Amine Group = -NH2
2. Carboxyl Group = -COOH
3. R Group = this is the functional group; the part that determines which amino acid you have.
How do amino acids become proteins?
Amino Acids are linked together by _peptide_ bonds.
What determines which protein will be made in the end?
Amino Acid + Amino Acid --> Dipeptide
Amino Acid + Dipeptide --> Tripeptide
A.A. + A.A. + …..+ Tripeptide --> Polypeptide/Protein
TONGUE ROLLING
http://www.people.virginia.edu/~rjh9u/tongroll.html
Homozygous recessives- non rollers
FRECKLES
http://chantelsimmons.blogspot.com/2007/07/tuesday-tuck-shop.html
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/58/Freckled.jpg
DIMPLES/CLEFT CHINDominantImages from: http://www.uni.edu/walsh/cleft.jpg
http://www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia/Image:Kirk-douglas-big-trees02.jpg
http://www.imdb.com/media/rm1270258944/nm0000237
https://kyberia.sk/id/3591050/3
ATTACHED EAR LOBES
homozygous recessive = attached
http://www.windows.ucar.edu/tour/link=/earth/Life/genetics_puzzle.html
Touch your nose with your tongue?
Images from: http://farm1.static.flickr.com/252/526385891_643b1b1420.jpg?v=0http://picasaweb.google.com/angelinachristalpina/ChristmasClothes02#5146686361494213122
COLOR BLINDNESSRED-green colorblindness most
common8% of males & 0.5% females
http://www.planetperplex.com/img/colorblind.jpg