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What is an argument? What is persuasion? What is the difference
between the two?
Bellringer
Vocabulary Notebook
Argumentative and Persuasion
Persuasion is the attempt
to get someone to do something or to think a certain way
Persuasion
A fact is a statement that can
be proven true Example: Warren East Middle
School is in Bowling Green, KY. An opinion is a personal feeling
or belief Example: Warren East Middle
School is the best school!
Fact vs. Opinion
A bias is a subjective point of view (either
positive or negative) Example: Sally’s handwriting is so neat. She must be very
smart. She deserves all A’s on her report card.
Tommy’s handwriting is terrible. He must not be real smart. He deserves at least one D on his report card.
Bias
Propaganda is the spreading of ideas
in a way to force ideas onto others Propaganda may include facts but
not all of them Propaganda usually distorts (slants)
the facts Propaganda can be misleading and
dangerous
Propaganda
bandwagon testimonialfaulty cause and effect repetitionemotional words name-callingexpert opinion statistics
Propaganda Techniques
uses the idea that everyone is doing
something, and if you don’t, you’ll be left out Example: Everyone’s talking about the new
Shrek movie. Don’t be the only one who doesn’t see this blockbuster!
Bandwagon
uses the name of a famous person to
persuade Example: Michael Jordan uses Hanes.
Testimonial
Attempts to give the good qualities of something to something else
Example:We use the same ingredients as the famous French restaurants.
Transfer
repeats important information over and over Example: Head On! Apply directly to the
forehead. Head On! Apply directly to the forehead. Head On! Apply directly to the forehead.
Repetition
Uses facts that involve numbers Example:
9 out of 10 dentists recommend Colgate.
Statistics
uses belittling words to show negative feelings
toward something or someone McDonalds vs. Burger King
Name-Calling
uses words that appeal to people’s feelings Example: Many people around the world are
in desperate need. Poverty, death, disease, and disasters wreak havoc in the lives of millions.Many times little children are the ones who suffer the most from these problems, and they are the ones most desperately in need of your help. Help support Feed the Children!
Emotional Words
slants facts to make it seem one event causes
another event Example: Wear Hollister jeans, and you’ll be
the most popular kid in school.
Faulty Cause and Effect
uses a knowledgeable person to convince
others Examples: dermatologists, dentists, doctors
Expert Opinion
Point of view is the way the author allows you
to "see" and "hear" what's going on.
Example: 1st Person- I or We 2nd Person- You (directions) 3rd Person
Point of View
The reason the writer has for writing. Example: To persuade To form an argument
Purpose
An argument is just a statement that someone
believes is true or should be true. Example: Kids should be in school Monday through
Saturday!
Argument
An argument that expresses the opposite
point of view. Example: Kids should not have to go to school on
Saturdays.
Counterargument
The level of trustworthiness and authority that
a reader perceives a writer has on a subject and is one of the key characteristics of effective writing, particularly argumentative writing.
Credibility
An argument is usually a main idea, often
called a "claim" or "thesis statement," backed up with evidence that supports the idea.
Claim
It is important or related to the argument.
Relevant
Adequate- it provides enough support
Sufficient
This is used to prove or disprove an argument.
Evidence
Discussion of how two or more things are the
same and how they are different.
Compare/Contrast
The way someone understands an argument.
Interpretation
Reliable, accurate, and trustworthy
information Example: National Holocaust Museum Not creditable: Wikipedia
Creditable Source
The connection (a word, phrase, clause,
sentence, or entire paragraph) between two parts of a piece of writing, contributing to cohesion.
Transitional devices include pronouns, repetition, and transitional expressions.
Transition
Textual evidence is evidence/support used to
support an argument/position, and is derived from reading and drawing from other text.
It is provided in the form of quotation, paraphrase, descriptions of theory and also description.
Textual Evidence
Assertions, arguments, conclusions, reasons,
or intellectual processes that are persuasive because they are well founded in fact.
Validity
Is the stealing of words, ideas, images, or
creative works. Plagiarism, whether or not it is intentional, is looked upon as an academic crime.
Plagiarism
A short and amusing or interesting story about
a real incident or person. Used to emphasis a point typically.
Anecdote