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DynamicEarth
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Earth's InteriorSeismic waves are used to infer Earth's interior:
• P-waves refract (bend) when passing into a material of different density
• S-waves cannot pass through liquids
P-wave S-wave
Earth's interior has 4 major zones (based on seismic waves)
• Outer Core is liquid (S-waves do not pass through)• temperature, pressure, and density increases towards the center
1. Crust - outermost, least dense2. Mantle - heat is transferred by convection3. Outer Core - metallic, liquid4. Inner Core - metallic, most dense
Reference Tables p.10
StructureoftheEarth’sInterior
• TheEarth'sinteriorisdividedintofourmainlayers.– Crust– Mantle– OuterCore– InnerCore
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StructureoftheEarth
• Crust:– OutermostpartoftheEarth
• Liketheskinofanapple.Verythin.– Brokenintopieces– Leastdenseofalllayers– 1%ofEarth’svolume– 0-44kmdepth(average)
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Crust
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StructureoftheEarth
• Mantle:– Layerbelowthecrust– Asolidthatbehaveslikeafluid– 84%ofEarth’sVolume
• LargestpartoftheEarth– 40-2,900kmdepth– Thelayeris2,840kmthick
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StructureoftheEarth
• OuterCore:– Metallicliquid– Iron,nickel– 15.3%ofEarth’sVolume– 2,900km-5,150kmdepth– Thelayeris2,250kmthick
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StructureoftheEarth
• InnerCore:– MetallicSolid– Mostdense– 0.7%ofEarth’sVolume– 5,150km–6,370kmdepth– Thelayeris1,220kmthick
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TheMantle
• Themantleisdividedinto3layers.– RigidMantle– Asthenosphere– LowerMantle
LowerMantle
700--
OuterCore
• Thelithosphereismadeof– Crust– RigidMantle
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LowerMantle
OuterCore
Asthenosphere
Rigid Mantle
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Crust
Mantle
OuterCore
InnerCore
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InnerCore
OuterCore
LowerMantle
RigidMantle
Asthenosphere
Crust
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DoNow
• Copytheques\onbelowandwritedownananswer…
From memory, draw the 4 layers of the Earth’s interior and label with the correct name.
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Proper\esofEarth’sInterior
• Asthenosphere–plas\clayerofthemantlethatdragsthelithosphere.
• Plas\city–beingeasilyshapedormolded
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CornStarchExperiment
• Howcancornstarchduplicatethemovementoftheasthenosphere?
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DoNow
• Copytheques\onbelowandwritedownananswer…
Inferred – To conclude based on evidence The Earth’s interior layers are said to be inferred. Why?
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Earth’sInterior
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Earth’sInterior
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InferredProper\esofEarth’sInterior
Physical Setting/Earth Science Reference Tables — 2011 Edition 10
Inferred Properties of Earth’s Interior
ESRTPage10
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InferredProper\esofEarth’sInterior
Physical Setting/Earth Science Reference Tables — 2011 Edition 10
Inferred Properties of Earth’s Interior
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InferredProper\esofEarth’sInterior
• Asdepthincreasespressure,temperatureanddensityincreases.
Physical Setting/Earth Science Reference Tables — 2011 Edition 10
Inferred Properties of Earth’s Interior
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DoNow
• Completethefollowing…
In the Diagram 1 box of the worksheet, sketch the glass to the right with water and food coloring.
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TransferofHeat
• Heatistransferredin3ways.
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TransferofHeat
• Conduc=on:Heat/energyistransferredbydirectcontact(touch).
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TransferofHeat
• Convec=on:Heat/energyistransferredthroughmo\onofafluid.
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TransferofHeat
• Radia=on:Objectgivesoffheat(radiates).
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Convec\onCells
• Earth'sinteriorishot.Theheatmustescape.• Heatistransferredtothesurfacebytheprocessofconvec=on.
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DensityofMaterial
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ThisrisingandsinkingcurrentiscalledaCONVECTIONCELL.
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Convec\onCells• Convec\onintheEarth'smantleisthedrivingforcebehindplatetectonics.
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