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Section P1Algebra Expressions
and Real Numbers
Algebraic Expressions
Example:
37 7 7 7
Algebraic Expressions are combinations of variables and numbers using the operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication, or division as well as powers or roots.
Evaluating Algebraic Expressions
22 3( 1) 4 for x =3x
Example
Evaluate an Algebraic Expression
Formulas and Mathematical Models
Mathematical Modeling – the process of finding formulas to describe real-world phenomena.
Example
It takes you 30 minutes to get to your first period class. This includes driving at a rate of .8 miles per minute, and walking from the parking lot to your class at a rate of .07 miles per minute. The total distance of both walking and driving is given by the algebraic expression. Find the distance if it takes you 5 minutes to walk to class.
0.07 .8(30 )D t t
Sets
The Roster Method- lists the elements of the set, with commas in between. The three dots (ellipsis) indicate that the listing continues for ever.
A set is a collection of objects, whose elements can be clearly determined.
If a set has no elements then it is called the null set or empty set, represented by the symbol .
Set Builder Notation – the elements are described, not listed.
If a set has no elements then it is called the null set or empty set, represented by the symbol .
Example
For the following sets of numbers find the Union and the Intersection.
2,4,6,8,10 3,4,5,6,7
2,4,6,8,10 3,4,5,6,7
The Set of Real Numbers
Every Real Number is either rational or irrational. We refer to these sets as subsets of the real numbers, meaning that all elements in each subset are also elements in the set of real numbers.
| is rational or x is irrationalx x
Numbers Examples
Natural Numbers 2,3,4,17
Whole Numbers 0,2,3,4,17
Integers -5,-2,0,2,5
1 5 1 2Rational Numbers , ,.4 ,0,.6
2 1 5 3
Irrational Numbers 2, , 3
25 is a rational number because 25 5.
Example
13, 0, , .95, , 8, 16
2
Consider the following set of numbers.
List the numbers in the set that are:
a. Natural Numbers
b. Whole Numbers
c. Integers
d. Rational Numbers
e. Irrational Numbers
f. Real numbers
Ordering the Real Numbers
The Absolute Value - Distance
Example
Evaluate the following Absolute Value problems.
14
14
Example
Find the distance between -7 and 3 on the number line.
Simplifying Algebraic Expressions
The terms of an algebraic expression are those parts that are separated by addition. There are four terms in the expression below.
An Algebraic Expression is simplified when parentheses have been removed and like terms have been combined. Like terms are terms that have exactly the same variable factors. For example 5x and 7x are like terms.
5 7 12x x x
Example
2 22( 3 ) (5 4) 9x x x x Simplify this Algebraic Expression
Properties of Negatives
39 2 4 1 for x=-3x
Evaluate an Algebraic Expression
(a) 4
(b) 10
(c) 12
(d) 8
Find the distance between -8 and 4 on the number line.
(a) -4
(b) 12
(c) 10
(d) 8
List the numbers in the set below that belong to the set of rational numbers.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
15, , .3, .8, 9, , 13
2
1
5, , .3, .8, 9, 2
15, , .3, .8, 9, 13
2
15, , .3, .8,
2
15, , .8,
2