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Evidence for God from
Cosmology
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The Greatest Discovery
(COBE, 1992) unbelievably important... They have found
the Holy Grail of cosmologyMichael Turner (University of Chicago)
It is the discovery of the century, if not alltime
Stephen Hawking (Cambridge University, UK)
What we have found is evidence for thebirth of the universe. Its like looking atGod.
George Smoot (UC Berkeley - COBE project leader)
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Relativity vs. The
Newtonian UniverseMichelson and Morely (1887)
Velocity of lightEinstein (1905)
Special Relativity(E = mc2)
Einstein (1915)General Relativity
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General Relativity -
Einstein Discovers God
2 2 83
32 2
d RRdt
G pc
2 2 8
3
3
2 2d RRdt
G pc
where:=density p=pressureG=constant of gravity c=speed of
light
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Origins of the Big BangTheory
Vesto Slipher (1914)
Nebulae receding from the earthAlexander Friedman (1922)
Expansion of the universe
Hubble (1929)Law of Red-Shifts
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Hot Big Bang Model
George Gamow (1946)
First hot big bang model
Bell Labs (1965)
First background radiation measurement
Cosmic Background Explorer (1992)
Ripples in background radiation
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Cosmic Background
Explorer (COBE)Universe is a perfect radiator (to
1 part in 10,000)- backgroundtemperature of 2.726K (1990)
Refined COBE measurements
showed irregularities of 1 part in100,000 (1992)
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COBE DMR
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Alternate Models
Infinite/eternal Universe
Steady State UniverseOscillating Universe
The Hartle-HawkingModel
Quantum Cosmology
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Infinite/Eternal
Universe ProblemsParadox of the Dark Night Sky
Light decreases 4-fold withdoubling of distance
Volume (or number of stars)increases 8-fold with doubling
of distance
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Steady State Universe
No stars greater than 16
billion years old
No newly formed
galaxies (all formed at
same time)
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Oscillating
universe
Only 10-50% of matter neededfor collapse (open universe)
A collapse would lead to Big
Crunch instead of bounce
Th U i
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The Universe as anEngine
System or EngineMechanicalEfficiency
Diesel Engine 40%
Gasoline Engine 25
Steam Engine 12Human Body 1%
Universe 0.00000001%
Th H l H ki
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The Hartle-HawkingModel
Quantum physics invoked
prior to 10-43
second, toeliminate the singularity
Requires use of imaginarytime
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Problems in QuantumCosmology
Observer based - who is the
observer?The universe represents a very
long quantum "moment"
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Implications of Big Bang
Time, space, matter andenergy all came intoexistence at once
Time is a created dimension
Obj ti t th Bi
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Objections to the BigBang
philosophicallyunacceptable (atheist John
Maddox, Down with the BigBangin Nature)
smacks of divineintervention (StephenHawking, A Brief History of
Time).
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Evidence for GodsExistence from Design
Divine Watchmaker (WilliamPaley)
Refuted by:David Hume
Charles DarwinRecently by:
Stephen Jay Gould
Richard Dawkins
N W h k
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New WatchmakerArgument
Based upon measurableparameters
Probabilities calculable fromthe observable universe
Tolerance for change (finetuning) calculable from
physical laws
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A Just Right UniverseParameter
MaximumDeviation
Ground state of He, Be, C, O 4%
Mass of neutron 0.1%
Electron:Proton Ratio 1:1037
Electromagnetic force:gravity 1:1040Expansion rate of universe 1:1055
Cosmological Constant 1:10120
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A Just Right GalaxyParameter Probability
Galaxy size 0.1Galaxy type 0.1
Galaxy location 0.1
Supernovae eruptions 0.01White dwarf binaries 0.01