05-0025 NDIA, Slide 205-0025 NDIA, Slide 2
Proposed APKWS “Block II” ObjectivesProposed APKWS “Block II” Objectives
• Insensitive Munition Compliance Is Main Focus
• Improved Warhead and Fuze Lethality
• Improved MIL-STD 1316 Fuze
• Program Ends in FY05 with TRL 6 Prototype Designs and Supporting Test Data
• Low Risk Transition to APKWS Block II SDD
• Insensitive Munition Compliance Is Main Focus
• Improved Warhead and Fuze Lethality
• Improved MIL-STD 1316 Fuze
• Program Ends in FY05 with TRL 6 Prototype Designs and Supporting Test Data
• Low Risk Transition to APKWS Block II SDD
Integrate Technologies to Replace the Current M151 and M423
Integrate Technologies to Replace the Current M151 and M423
05-0025 NDIA, Slide 305-0025 NDIA, Slide 3
• Design for IM
• Enhanced Fragmentation
• Enhanced Blast
• Dual Safe Fuze
• Design for IM
• Enhanced Fragmentation
• Enhanced Blast
• Dual Safe Fuze
APKWS Block II Warhead and Fuze Program Will Provide the Capability to Defeat the Current and Evolving Threat
APKWS Block II Warhead and Fuze Program Will Provide the Capability to Defeat the Current and Evolving Threat
Next Step:Next Step:
APKWS Warhead / Fuze Program OverviewAPKWS Warhead / Fuze Program Overview
05-0025 NDIA, Slide 405-0025 NDIA, Slide 4
AMMPGM STO-FundedWarhead Risk Reduction Activities
AMMPGM STO-FundedWarhead Risk Reduction Activities
Objective:Objective:To Investigate High-Risk Areas and Critical Technologies of 2.75” Warhead Development as a Parallel Effort to APKWS
To Investigate High-Risk Areas and Critical Technologies of 2.75” Warhead Development as a Parallel Effort to APKWS
Tandem Blast Frag / SCTandem Blast Frag / SC
Fragmentation TestsFragmentation Tests
• M151 Modified With Preformed Tungsten Cubes
• Embedded Fragmentation Warhead
• M151 Modified With Preformed Tungsten Cubes
• Embedded Fragmentation Warhead
TBX / Enhanced Blast TestsTBX / Enhanced Blast Tests
• Evaluation of Several TBX Fills From Industry
• Pressure, Temperature, and Fragmentation Data
• M151 Warhead Bodies
• Evaluation of Several TBX Fills From Industry
• Pressure, Temperature, and Fragmentation Data
• M151 Warhead Bodies
• Shaped Charge and Blast Fragmentation Tandem Warhead
• Various Configurations
• Shaped Charge and Blast Fragmentation Tandem Warhead
• Various Configurations
• Complete Fragment Mass Distribution Data
• Easier Data Reduction
• Complete Fragment Mass Distribution Data
• Easier Data Reduction
Water Tank TestsWater Tank Tests
05-0025 NDIA, Slide 505-0025 NDIA, Slide 5
Thermobarics (TBX) / Enhanced Blast TestsThermobarics (TBX) / Enhanced Blast Tests
Objective:Objective: Conduct an Evaluation of Candidate TBX Fills from Industry and Other Gov’t Agencies for APKWS WarheadConduct an Evaluation of Candidate TBX Fills from Industry and Other Gov’t Agencies for APKWS Warhead
AMRDECAMRDECAMRDECAMRDECPicatinnyPicatinnyEBA&DATKATKTalleyNavyNavy
Comp BPBXN-109PBXN-110RAX-16PAX-28PAX-3YJ-05NIX-GTEPX-D3 fillsCLAP 1C133
• Data Will Be Available to Industry
• Evaluate TBX Fragment Driving Capability
• Comp B, PBXN-109, and PBXN-110 Tested as Baselines
• Data Will Be Available to Industry
• Evaluate TBX Fragment Driving Capability
• Comp B, PBXN-109, and PBXN-110 Tested as Baselines
• “Mini” Arena Test Setup– One Velocity Panel, One
Celetex Bundle• Evaluation of 14 Different
Explosive Fills
• “Mini” Arena Test Setup– One Velocity Panel, One
Celetex Bundle• Evaluation of 14 Different
Explosive Fills• Data Acquisition:
– Pressure & Temperature– Fragment Velocity– Fragment Mass and Spatial Distribution– Number of Fragments
• Data Acquisition:– Pressure & Temperature– Fragment Velocity– Fragment Mass and Spatial Distribution– Number of Fragments
05-0025 NDIA, Slide 605-0025 NDIA, Slide 6
M151 Enhanced Blast Test MatrixM151 Enhanced Blast Test Matrix
4/5/2004RAX-16AMRDEC144/27/2004PAX-28ARDEC Picatinny134/7/2004YJ-05Ensign-Bickford Aerospace & Defense125/25/2004CL133NAVY (NAVAIR, China Lake)114/28/2004CLAPNAVY (NAVAIR, China Lake)105/27/20047174Talley Defense Systems95/12/20047172Talley Defense Systems85/11/20047164Talley Defense Systems74/22/2004TEPX-DAlliant Techsystems64/19/2004NIX-GAlliant Techsystems \ Picatinny54/20/2004PAX-3American Ordnance Iowa \ Picatinny46/2/2004PBXN-110AMRDEC Baseline34/6/2004PBXN-109AMRDEC Baseline23/17/2004Comp BAMRDEC Baseline (Current M151 Fill)1
Test DateExplosive Fill
Company/OrganizationTest #
05-0025 NDIA, Slide 705-0025 NDIA, Slide 7
Mini-Arena Test SetupMini-Arena Test Setup
• Standard M151 2.75” Warhead Body• Approx 6.4 lbs (empty)• Naturally Fragmenting Cast Iron
• Filled and Returned to Redstone for Testing• Initiated with RP-80 & Booster at Front• Comp-B tested as Baseline
• Standard M151 2.75” Warhead Body• Approx 6.4 lbs (empty)• Naturally Fragmenting Cast Iron
• Filled and Returned to Redstone for Testing• Initiated with RP-80 & Booster at Front• Comp-B tested as Baseline
• “Mini Arena” Setup• 1 Celetex Bundle• 1 Alum Velocity Panel
• Phantom Video• 4 Pressure Transducers• 4 Calorimeters• 4 Thermocouples
• 45º from WHD Axis
• “Mini Arena” Setup• 1 Celetex Bundle• 1 Alum Velocity Panel
• Phantom Video• 4 Pressure Transducers• 4 Calorimeters• 4 Thermocouples
• 45º from WHD Axis
05-0025 NDIA, Slide 905-0025 NDIA, Slide 9
Peak Pressure MeasurementPeak Pressure Measurement
9.45PBXN-1099.91Comp B11.44K13.34J13.88PBXN-11014.87I15.86H16.92G17.38F18.21E20.20D20.21C20.50B23.33A
Peak Pressure (psi) at 10 feet
Explosive• Peak Pressure
Recorded at Closest Pressure Transducer
• 10 Feet from Warhead
• Explosives ‘named’ A-L Based upon Peak Pressure Data Rank
• Same Nomenclature used for Remaining Comparisons
• Fielded M151 Explosive is Comp B
• Peak Pressure Recorded at Closest Pressure Transducer
• 10 Feet from Warhead
• Explosives ‘named’ A-L Based upon Peak Pressure Data Rank
• Same Nomenclature used for Remaining Comparisons
• Fielded M151 Explosive is Comp B
05-0025 NDIA, Slide 1005-0025 NDIA, Slide 10
Pressure Impulse at 10 FeetPressure Impulse at 10 Feet
1.455I1.540PBXN-1101.617Comp B1.627H1.697G1.793PBXN-1091.930J2.035E2.125C2.154F2.168D2.190K2.219B2.230A
Impulse at 10’(psi-ms)
Explosive
Baselines
05-0025 NDIA, Slide 1105-0025 NDIA, Slide 11
Temperature DataTemperature Data
Gage MalfunctionGGage MalfunctionComp BGage MalfunctionPBXN-110
5.16F8.86D9.17B9.50K
12.14C13.39I14.87E17.24A17.82PBXN-10919.42H20.48J
Temperature Increase at 10’ (oF)
Explosive
80
85
90
95
100
105
110
115
120
2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3 3.1 3.2 3.3
Time (s)
Tem
pera
ture
(F)
Thermocouple 1Thermocouple 2Thermocouple 3Thermocouple 4
• Temperature Increase Recorded at Closest Sensor
• Pressure and Temperature Effects not on same Trend
• Temperature Increase Recorded at Closest Sensor
• Pressure and Temperature Effects not on same Trend
05-0025 NDIA, Slide 1205-0025 NDIA, Slide 12
Heat Flux (Calorimeter) DataHeat Flux (Calorimeter) Data
Gage MalfunctionPBXN-110Gage MalfunctionComp B
1.86I1.99C2.07B2.35A2.62K2.66F3.10PBXN-1093.49D4.57G4.66E5.32H7.09J
Heat Flux at 10’(W/cm2-s)
Heat Fluxes
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2
Time (s)
Heat
Flu
x (W
/cm
2*s)
Calorimeter 1Calorimeter 2Calorimeter 3Calorimeter 4
• Peak Heat Flux Recorded at 10 feet from Warhead
• Peak Heat Flux Recorded at 10 feet from Warhead
05-0025 NDIA, Slide 1305-0025 NDIA, Slide 13
Fragment VelocitiesFragment Velocities
1109I1174E1213J1336G1346H1365D1372PBXN-1091430K1449Comp B1502F1542C1566PBXN-1101579B1580A
Average Fragment Velocity (m/s)
Explosive
Frag Velocity by Explosive
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
PBXN
-110
Com
p B
PBXN
-109
Explosive Type
Velo
city
(m/s
)
• Velocities Measured via Phantom High Speed Video
• Min, Max, & Avg Velocities Calculated
• The Best Performers in Pressure were Also the Best at Driving Fragments
• Velocities Measured via Phantom High Speed Video
• Min, Max, & Avg Velocities Calculated
• The Best Performers in Pressure were Also the Best at Driving Fragments
05-0025 NDIA, Slide 1405-0025 NDIA, Slide 14
# of Fragment Perforations# of Fragment Perforations
155I268E315PBXN-109324D326J333K347G368F378H396Comp B441C493PBXN-110523B564A
Number of Perforations
Explosive
05-0025 NDIA, Slide 1505-0025 NDIA, Slide 15
Summary of TBX Evaluation ResultsSummary of TBX Evaluation Results
• Each Measured Characteristic Given an even Weighting • 80% of Candidate Explosive Fills Exceeded Baselines• Ranking may be different depending on desired application• This Testing Demonstrated that Many Enhanced Blast (i.e. TBX)
Explosives Maintain Adequate Fragment Driving Characteristics
• Each Measured Characteristic Given an even Weighting • 80% of Candidate Explosive Fills Exceeded Baselines• Ranking may be different depending on desired application• This Testing Demonstrated that Many Enhanced Blast (i.e. TBX)
Explosives Maintain Adequate Fragment Driving Characteristics
No Data, (Estimate)