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2ndAQUAREHAB Consortium meeting, Delft, NL
January 14-15, 2010
AQUAREHAB – WP6Ludek Blaha (RECETOX)Jean-Marc brignon (INERIS)Geraldine Ducos (INERIS)Broekx Steven (VITO-RMA)Campling Paul (VITO-RMA)Seuntjens Piet (VITO-RMA)Haest Pieter Jan (VITO-RMA)Jaroslav Slobodnik (EI)Corina Carpentier (EI)
Nilsson, Bertel (GEUS)Troldborg, Lars (GEUS)Giuliano Di Baldassarre (IHE)Linh Hoang (IHE)Girma Yimer (IHE)Zhu Xuan (IHE)Ann van Griensven (IHE)
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AQUAREHAB
Linh Hoang (IHE)
Zhu Xuan (IHE)
Seleshi Yalew (IHE)
Geraldine Ducos (INERIS)
Pieter Jan Haest (VITO-RMA)
Lars Troldberg (GEUS)
Corina Carpentier (EI)
WP6
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CONTENT
WP 6 Objectives
WP 6 Tasks
WP 6 Deliverables
WP 6 Results Pollution list
Fate models
Inventory of data on remediation measures
Inventory of toxicological data
Inventory of DSS systems
Draft design of REACH-ER
WP 6 Conclusions
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OBJECTIVES
The objective of WP6 is to develop a generic collaborative management tool ‘REACH-ER’ that can
be used by stakeholders, citizens or water managers to evaluate the ecological and economical
effects of different remedial actions on waterbodies.
How important are innovative technologies compared to more conventional measures?
• Ecological: potentially large impact on local and/or basin scale, on substances which are problematic. • Economic: cost-effective compared to conventional measures.
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TASKS
T6.1 Fate model integrating the fluxes of chemicals at river basin scale: T6.1.1 OdenseT6.1.2 Scheldt riverT6.1.3 Senne riverT6.2. Ecological effect assessment of chemicals in river basinsT6.2.1 Ecotoxicological database (MU)T6.2.2.Ecotoxicological database (MU)T6.3 Economical analyses of water quality remediation measuresT6.3.1 Information from existing remediation measuresT6.3.2 Information from “AQUAREHAB” measuresT6.4 Integration of fate, effect assessment and economic analyses in a management tool REACH-ERT6.4.1 identification of the pollutant listT6.4.2 Conceptual designT6.4.3 Optimisation issuesT6.4.4 ImplementationT6.4.5 Application on Scheldt and Odense riverT6.5 Rehabilitation Guidelines
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DELIVERABLESD.6.1 (Month 12): Conceptual fate model framework
D.6.1 (Month 18): Economic assessments methodology applied to the cases
D.6.3 (Month 24): Coupled fate-ecological modelling framework for pollutants
D.6.4 (Month 30): Coupled fate-ecological-economical modelling framework for rehabilitation technologies
D.6.5 (Month 30): Management tool for rehabilitation technologies
D.6.6 (Month 36): Guidance document on rehabilitation and restoration technologies
D.6.7 (Month 42): Report on evaluation of management scenarios for rehabilition technologies for critical areas within the Scheldt and the Odense river
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CONTENT
WP 6 Objectives
WP 6 Tasks
WP 6 Deliverables
WP 6 Results Pollution list
Fate models
Inventory of toxicological data
Inventory of data on remediation measures
Stakeholder analysis for DSS system
Draft design of REACH-ER
WP 6 Conclusions
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POLLUTANT LIST
Piet Seuntjes, VITO-RMA
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Aquarehab substances
• DoW– Nitrate– Pesticides– Chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons (CAH)– Other substances: BTEX, chlorobenzenes,
metals, …
• Surface water + groundwater
• WP6: model substances
POLLUTANT LIST
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Selection of substances
• Criteria– Aquarehab substance group– WFD priority chemicals– Registration period– Presence in pilot river basins (Scheldt, Odense)– Ecological relevance– Data from other projects (Modelkey, Socopse,
Score-PP, Footprint)– Moderately sorbing compounds
POLLUTANT LIST
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Selection
• Green: suitable• Orange: moderately
suitable• Red: not suitable
Aquarehab ID
Aquarehab substance group
WFD priority substances ID Substance Scheldt river*Registration Odense river Modelkey** Socopse*** Score-PP**** Other EU catchments*****logKoc******
1 Nitrate x x2 Pesticides 1 Alachlor excluded Annex 1 x 1.63-2.28 moderately mobile
3 Atrazine xexcluded Annex 1 (10/09/2005, some x x x 1.95-2.71 moderately mobile
8 Chlorfenvinphosexcluded Annex 1 (31/12/2003) x 2.83 slightly mobile
9 Chlorpyrifos x x 3.44-4.49 non-mobile13 Diuron x excluded Annex 1 x x 2.67-3.22 slightly mobile14 Endosulfan x excluded Annex 1 x 4.06 non-mobile16 Hexachlorobenzene excluded Annex 1 x x 4.70 non-mobile17 Hexachlorobutadiene x18 Hexachlorocyclohexane x19 Isoproturon x 31/12/2012 x x x 1.56-2.38 moderately mobile
POLLUTANT LIST
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Selected substances WP6• Nitrate• Pesticides: Isoproturon, Simazine, Terbutylazine, MCPA, Bentazon,
Glyphosate, AMPA, Mecoprop. The selection of the pesticides was done based on their occurrence in EU rivers, their presence on the market, their inclusion in the WFD priority substance list, their physical chemical properties (moderately sorbing), and the existence of physical and chemical data from other EU projects.
• Chlorinated aliphatics: trichloro-ethylene. This substance is considered the model substance for the CAHs. It was chosen because of the presence on the WFD priority substance list and information collected in the SCORE-PP project
• BTEX: toluene and benzene. These substances are representative for the BTEXs. They were chosen because of their revelance for groundwater pollution and their inclusion in the WFD list (benzene).
• Nonylphenol, DEHP: these substances were chosen for a dedicated study related to the Zenne river case where they occur and have a strong ecological relevance as evidenced in the Modelkey project. They are also included in the WFD priority substances list.
POLLUTANT LIST
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WP6
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FATE MODELING: Scheldt river
Pieter Jan Haest (UA – VITO)Piet Seuntjens, Steven Broekx and Paul Campling (VITO)
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FATE MODELING: Scheldt river Modelling tool: PCRaster
Area: 20000 km²
Pollutants: Nitrate (+Pesticide)
Resolution: 1 km2
Time step: monthly
Purpose of the modelling
Fate for nitrate and pesticides
Link to AQUAREHAB WP’s
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• PCRaster environmental modelling language– Raster based GIS, suitable for distributed
dynamic modelling– Easy to modify code– Easy to replace/update
Series of maps
Tables with temporal data
Time series
ImplementationFATE MODELING: Scheldt river
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Nutrient fluxes
N storage in soil[kg/km2]
N storage in shallow groundwater[kg/km2]
N storage in deep groundwater[kg/km2]
» Preliminary results for nitrogen in the soil and groundwater:
FATE MODELING: Scheldt river
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Nutrient fluxes
N-load [kg/year] at the outflow point of the Scheldt basin
» Preliminary results for nitrogen in the river network:
FATE MODELING: Scheldt river
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WP6
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FATE MODELING: Senne river
Claudio Avella (UNESCO-IHE/University of Milano)Girma Yimer (UNESCO-IHE)Ann van Griensven (UNESCO-IHE)
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FATE MODELING: Senne river
Modelling tool: SWAT + HEC-RAS
Area: 1100 km²
Pollutants: CAH, Nitrate
Resolution: 30 m data
Time step: daily
Purpose of the modelling:Model the transport of pollutants from ‘Vilvoode-Machelen’ site -> REACH-ER
View pollution from Vilvoorde-Machelen in relation to the urban pollution and operations of the WWTP’s of Brussels -> Scheldt model.
Compute nitrate loads and nitrification/denitrification processes -> Scheldt model.
Link to AQUAREHAB WP’s WP3-WP7: Vilvoorde/Machelen (remedial technology + MODFLOW model)
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CASE STUDY: SENNE RIVER BASIN, BELGIUM
FATE MODELING: Senne river
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1918
1514
1312
24 25
2322
1716
26
1110
8
976
Aa
3
1
Siphons of Vil voorde
2728
South
North
Woluwe
EPPEGEM
V ILVOORDE
AND ERLECHT
LOT
TUBIZE
HALLE
1
2
3
Overflow Lembeek
Flow ca libration point
addition by overf low
abstraction by overflow
constant point source
dynamic point source
subbasin: land and r iver
river reach
#410000
#345000
#344000
#348000
#350000
#342000
quenast
Water quality measurement site
Water flow me asurement site
CASE STUDY: SENNE RIVER BASIN, BELGIUM
Area: 1011 km2
Average flow: 9 m3/sec
Average velocity: 0.2 – 0.3 m/sec
Receives waste-water from 1.4 mln of inhabitants:
Land useAgricultural 48% Urbanised 38%Pasture 8%Forest 6%
SoilLoam
FATE MODELING: Senne river
Vilvoorde/Machelen
5 models: • SWAT: Rainfall-runoff, nitrate• KOSIM: Sewer/WWTP in Brussels• MODFLOW: Groundwater/contaminant flux • HEC-RAS: Hydrodynamic river model downstream• AQUASIM model for denitrification in river bed
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SWAT MODEL
SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) is a conceptual hydrological model that works on daily time step. It can simulate hydrological processes as well as water quality and sediment transportation and processes at soil phase, taking into account for weather conditions and land management.
Upland Processes
Channel/Flood Plain
Processes
FATE MODELING: Senne river
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HEC-RAS MODEL
A hydraulic model of the last streams of the river is being built.
HEC-RAS model also include a water-quality module.
The two models will be linked to have a global model of the river.
FUTURE DEVELOPMENT•Calibration/validation for the flows
• Run SWAT with sub-daily time step
•Calibration/validation for nitrate
• Link to Scheldt estuary model
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Groundwater flow and Transport modeling (Girma Yimer)
DONE: The groundwater flow and Transport modeling of Vilvoorde-Machelen region has been carried out by VITO (Touchant, Bronders et al. 2007) and VUB (Boel 2008)
TO DO: - Implementing transport models that incorporates multiple chemical and biological reactions (e.g. RT3D) at finer scale
- Uncertainty and probabilistic risk assessment
FATE MODELING: Senne river
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FATE MODELING: Odense river
Linh Hoang (UNESCO-IHE)Lars Troldborg (GEUS)Ann van Griensven (UNESCO-IHE)
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FATE MODELING: Odense river
Modelling tool: SWAT / MIKE-SHE-DAISY
Area: ~1000 km²
Pollutants: Nitrate, pesticides
Resolution: 30 m data
Time step: daily
Purpose of the modelling: Compute nitrate and pesticide pollutions to the river Odense
Evalute effectiveness of restored wetlands to reduce pollution to the river
Link to AQUAREHAB WP’s WP1(+WP7): Removal of pesticides and nitrate
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Area: approx. 1,050 km2, including
1,015 km of watercourse
The River Odense, which is about 60 km long and drains a catchment of 625 km2, is the largest river
Population: 246,000, 10% not serviced by sewerage system
Monthly precipitation: 40 mm (April)- 90 mm (December/January)
Soil type: clay soil (51%), sandy soil (49%)
Land use: Farmland (68%), urban area (16%, woodland (10%) and natural/ semi-natural areas (6%)
FATE MODELING: Odense river
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Pressure on water quality
Agriculture Households
Industry25 WWTPs > 30PE
489 stormwater outfalls, 204 from combined and 285 from separate sewerage system
1870 registered farms in 2000
960 is livestock holdings
Livestock density: 0.9 unit/ha
Atmosphere
WWTPs and stormwater outfalls
FATE MODELING: Odense river
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Data collection
No. Data Purpose1 Catchment data (topology, geology, land use,
soil map)Build catchment models
2 Meteorological data Input for catchment models
3 Hydrological data (discharge, groundwater head)
Calibrate hydrological models
4 Water quality data Calibrate water quality models
5 Pollutant loadings from point sources (households, industries, WWTPs, etc)
Inputs for water quality models
6 Diffuse source data (Agriculture and farming data)
Inputs for water quality models
FATE MODELING: Odense river
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Integrate wetland model in catchment models
Integrate in SWAT
Integrate in DAISY-MIKE SHE
Update SWAT model
Update the existing DAISY-MIKE SHE model
Compare the performance of 2 models
BuildSWAT model
FATE MODELING: Odense river
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WP6
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Inventory of toxicological data: conceptual design
Ludek Blaha, Karel Brabec, Martina Nešporová [email protected] University, Faculty of Science, RECETOX (Research Centre for Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology), www.recetox.cz
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CA model for community Species Sensitivity Distribution (SSD)
One compound - organisms have variable sensitivities (example: diethyl phthalate, DEP)
Ecotoxicological assessment
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CA model for community Species Sensitivity Distribution (SSD)
Increasing concentration
Diethyl phthalate - distribution of sensitivities (based on ECx, NOECs…)
Increasing concentration
Frequency % species
100 %
50 %
0 %
Ecotoxicological assessment
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Species Sensitivity Distribution - APPLICATIONS
1) PROSPECTIVE – EQC definition
5 % canbe lost(95% protected) Safe
concentration
Ecotoxicological assessment
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Species Sensitivity Distribution - APPLICATIONS1) PROSPECTIVE – EQC definition
5 % canbe lost(95% protected) Safe
concentration
2) RETROSPECTIVE – Relative risk evaluation
Measured (modelled)
concentrations
Potentially affected fraction (PAF) of
community
Ecotoxicological assessment
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Species Sensitivity Distribution – AQUAREHAB application (mixtures)
MIXTURE PAF – msPAF (multisubstance PAF) – e.g. dissimilar mode of action (response addition) msPAF = 1 – (1-0.6)*(1-0.35)*(1-0.25) = 0.8 => 80% of species will be affected
PAF (risks)
0.60
0.35
0.25
(Modelled) conc. of 3 compounds: conc. 1 / conc. 2. / conc. 3
Ecotoxicological assessment
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WP6
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Economical assessment
Geraldine Ducos (INERIS)Steven Broekx (VITO)
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• Concept design & planning of activities• Inventory of data on existing remediation
measures
Question:• Costs of AQUAREHAB measures????
Economical assessment
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WP6
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Stakeholde consultation of DSS systems
Steven Broekx (VITO)
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Results of stakeholder consultation
• Stakeholder consultation– Potential end users at all levels: national, subbasin, administrations
– Check potential added value
– What do we need and what do we not need?
• General conclusions on consultation:– It is time consuming and requires resilience. (up untill now: 6
presentations, 8 interviews,…).
– Not every administration is equally happy about an integrative approach esp. those who execute the projects (interference with own policy, cost-effective sollution could implicate a shift in budgets).
– If you want people to use it, they need to be involved from the start and have impact on outline.
Stakeholder consultation
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What is not needed
We do not need:– Additional work: new reporting demands, run
complicated models– New models doing the same things but
different: “we have models for basic water quality parameters, water quantity (floods)”
Stakeholder consultation
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What is neededWe do need:
– Estimate how far we reach in achieving different targets with certain measures. (compose and compare scenario’s)
– Support in prioritisation. (now: a lot of expert judgement)– Impact of measures on different water aspects (biological quality
and links to physico-chemical quality and hydromorphology),
cfr. bufferstrips: a single aspect approach is disadvantageous– Local vs. central reporting levels: handle different scales– Upstream-downstream impacts– Transparancy in data, indicate uncertainty is important.
Possibility for users to insert data.
Stakeholder consultation
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Conclusions for set up• A strict integration with models reduces added value. (no
user interface embedded in models)• Waterbody vs. river basin: both are needed.• Take into account multi-objective impacts: quality
(ecological + physico-chemical), quantity• Modular: easy to extend DSS with other modules• Transparency: possibility to go back to basic figures and
possibility to insert own figures.• Time frame: some measures take long time to be at full
impact (decades)
Stakeholder consultation
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Draft design of REACH-ER
Piet Seuntjens (VITO)Paul Campling (VITO)Steven Broekx (VITO)
Ann van Griensven (UNESCO-IHE)
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REACH-ER
Pressures
Driving forces
StateImpact
Responses
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
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REACH-ER
Identification of components Drivers: List of pollutant, pollution maps (e.g. maps of pesticide use) Pressures (“Hazard” “fluxes): e.g.MODFLOW model State: Fate models (“Exposure”): e.g. SWAT/PCRASTER
-> Covert time series to statistical descriptors -> Probabilities of concentrations at various locations
Impacts: ecotoxicoligy “Risk”-> Species Sensitivity Distribution -> Potentially affected fraction
(PAF)
Responses:
- WP7 models -> remedial measures database/rules- Optimisation/Multi-criteria analysis
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REACH-ER REQUIREMENTS
Spatial visualisation (GIS)
Shape files for river reaches, fluxes
Time dynamic
variability within a year
changes over the years/decades
Web-based: accessible over the internet
(Uncertainties)
Model independent (OpenMI compliant)
2002 2003 2004 2005
1
2
3
4
5
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+ Link to groundwater+ Link to models+ Remedial measure database+ Optimisation
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ConclusionsStarting of modelling for all cases
Inventories for:
Remedial measures
Toxicological data
DSS Systems
Stakeholder consultation for DSS
First design of DSS
Planning of further activities
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Questions/issues
Link with other modelling activities (Odense wetlands, Vilvoorde/Machelen site)!
Data (&tools) for pesticide fate modelling
Several ecologically effective pollutants NOT modeled/studies in AQUAREHAB
Upscaling issues, general conclusions
Temperature dependence on ecotoxicology
Estimation of benefits?
Costs for AQUAREHAB measures?
Use of existing DSS such as MODELKEY?
Case specific versus generic data/rules
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THANK YOU!!!
Ludek Blaha (RECETOX)Jean-Marc brignon (INERIS)Geraldine Ducos (INERIS)Broekx Steven (VITO-RMA)Campling Paul (VITO-RMA)Seuntjens Piet (VITO-RMA)Haest Pieter Jan (VITO-RMA)Jaroslav Slobodnik (EI)Corina Carpentier (EI)
Nilsson, Bertel (GEUS)Troldborg, Lars (GEUS)Giuliano Di Baldassarre (IHE)Linh Hoang (IHE)Girma Yimer (IHE)Zhu Xuan (IHE)Ann van Griensven (IHE)