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Managing Volcanic Unrest:the Mobile Volcano Fast Response System
Matthias Hort, Klemen ZakšekInstitute of GeophysicsUniversity of Hamburg
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Motivation
• The majority of the active and dangerous volcanoes are located around the pacific ring of fire.
• Half of them are located in third world countries.
• We therefore develop a mobile VFRS (volcano fast response system) to support those countries in case of a volcanic crisis.
USGS, 1991
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IFM-GEOMAR
Uni. Hamburg
Uni. PotsdamGFZBGR Hanover
TU Darmstadt
LMU MunichTU Munich
DLR Oberpfaffenhofen
Institutions contributing to the VFRS
Jena-Optronik GmbH
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• Can be installed fast due to intelligent, cable-free communication between the different stations and a data center.
• A larger number of different stations can be deployed quickly.
• All data are collected in a central database including data from an existing network.
• Open system that can deal with various types of data including novel monitoring techniques.
• Data are visualized and partially analyzed in real time.• Objective and reliable data evaluation are carried out
including recommendations for crisis management.
Requirements for the VFRS
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Exupery VFRS project strategy
quantitive physicalmodels
terrestrialobservationsincl. WLANcommunication
satellite basedobservations
database, visualization,alert levels, early warnings
overall projectcoordination
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Satellite based observations in Exupéry
Volcanic SO2 plumesGround deformationThermal anomalies
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Detection of volcanic sulfur dioxide from the GOME-2 instrument using DOAS (Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy)
GOME-2 observation of theSO2 plume a day after theEruption of Etna in Italy(11.05.2008).
Monitoring volcanic SO2 plumes
http://wdc.dlr.de/data_products/SERVICES/GOME2NRT/so2.php DLR
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Backward trajectories starting on 11.05.2008. Subset related to Etna and GOME- 2 SO2 data.
Estimated injection height of theEtna eruption.
Monitoring volcanic SO2 plumes –backward trajectories
DLR
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Goals
InSAR ground deformation monitoring – goals
• Develop new SAR interferometry methods optimized for volcanoes
• Investigate potential of different satellites (TerraSAR-X, ENVISAT/ASAR, ALOS/PALSAR) with different frequency bands and spatial resolution
• Fusion of multi-geometry / multi-satellite observations• Different view geometries for 3D motion vector derivation and for
shadowing/layover
• Increased observation frequency to capture sudden events
DLR, TU Munich
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InSAR ground deformation monitoring – first results
• Example for Stromboli (from February till July 2008)• Persistent scatterer interferometry techniques with 10
acquisitions allows detection of the potential motion areas with TerraSAR-X.
• Maximum estimated displacement equals +-30mm/year
DLR, TU Munich
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New material
www.mvo.ms
Montserrat change detection(radar amplitude)
DLR, TU Munich
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• Characterise clusters and not single pixels.• The most reliable parameter is radiant flux.
• AVHRR 10 images per day• MODIS 4 images per day• Kalman filter
fuse data to minimisethe noise and improvetemporal resolution
Monitoring thermal anomalies – strategy
Uni. Hamburg
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0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
300 301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308
day of year
Radiant flux [MW]
Time series for Etna eruption (October, November 2003)
Monitoring thermal anomalies –first results
Uni. Hamburg
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Other parts of Exupéry
Terrestrial observations incl. WLAN communicationDatabase, visualization, alert levels, early warnings
Quantitive physical modelsPrototype installation
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Gas flux monitoringusing Mini-DOAS
Ground deformation monitoring using a combination of terrestrial SAR and GPS
Terrestrial observations
Aside from classic seismic observation systems, we attempt to incorporate two novel terrestrial observational techniques:
TU Darmstadt IFM GEOMAR
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WLAN
BATTERIES
FUEL CELL (OPTIONAL)
INSTRUMENT
PHOTOVOLTAIC PANEL (PV)
POWER BOX
15V POWER SUPPLY/PoE
FUSE AND BATTERY BREAKER
SOLAR CHARGE
CONTROLLER
PoE
US
B
RS232
POWER
PO
WE
R
LAN
ENERGY SUPPLY SYSTEM
WIRELESS LAN RADIO
Wlan communication
FUSE ANDBATTERYBREAKER
SOLARCHARGE
CONTROLLER
15 V POWERSUPPLY / PoE
Uni. Hamburg
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Data analysis &quantitative physical models
GFZ, Uni. Potsdam, Uni. Hamburg
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Database, visualization,alert levels, early warnings
Terrestrialobservations
Satteliteobservations
GeoTIFF
MiniSEED
ASCII
Otherformats
Quantitivephysical model
GIS
LMU Munich,BGR Hanover,Jena-Optronik
Automatic alert level estimation using Bayesian Belief Networks
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VFRS prototype installation
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Matthias [email protected]: +49 40 42838 3969
Klemen Zakš[email protected]: +49 40 42838 4921
Institute of GeophysicsUniversity of HamburgBundesstrasse 55D-20146 HamburgGermanyFax: +49 40 42838 5441http://geophysics.zmaw.de
www.exupery-vfrs.de