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1. After the closing of a letter
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1. comma
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2. After initials
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2. period
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3. After the greeting of a business letter
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3. colon
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4. To replace omitted letters in
contractions
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4. apostrophe
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5. At the end of a politely worded
question
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5. period
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6. Between independent clauses when no conjunction
is used
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6. semicolon
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7. To show possession in proper nouns
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7. apostrophe
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8. To set off the name of the person
spoken to
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8. comma
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9. To separate the minutes and hours when writing time
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9. colon
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10. To enclose titles of poems, articles, and chapters of books
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10. Quotation marks
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11. After the salutation of a friendly letter
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11. comma
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The Comma
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1. Does a pressure cooker have a
safety valve Clara?
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1. Does a pressure cooker have a
safety valve, Clara?
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2. Changes in pressure can be quite dangerous.
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2. Changes in pressure can be quite dangerous.
correct
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3. One of the first places a diver feels pressure changes
Teresa is the eardrum.
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3. One of the first places a diver feels pressure changes,
Teresa, is the eardrum.
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4. I’ve heard Clara that divers hold their noses and blow when they
start to feel pain in their ears.
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4. I’ve heard, Clara, that divers hold their noses and blow when they
start to feel pain in their ears.
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5. Yes swallowing also helps to
equalize pressure.
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5. Yes, swallowing also helps to
equalize pressure.
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6. Air pressure exerts a different amount of
force on the filling than on the tooth and
Clara under severe conditions it can cause a tooth to
collapse.
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6. Air pressure exerts a different amount of
force on the filling than on the tooth, and, Clara, under
severe conditions it can cause a tooth to
collapse.
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7. Oh I know the definition of esprit de corps a French phrase meaning “team spirit.”
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7. Oh, I know the definition of esprit de corps, a French phrase meaning “team spirit.”
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8. No this machine a recent model does not use as much electricity oil and water as the older
model.
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8. No, this machine, a recent model, does not use as much electricity, oil, and water as the older model.
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9. School alterations a large item in the
budget are necessary because of the
inadequate cafeteria facilities and the
undersized auditorium.
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9. School alterations, a large item in the
budget, are necessary because of the
inadequate cafeteria facilities and the
undersized auditorium.
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10. Mr. Wortham, trying not to
chuckle, offered to help us clean up
the mess.
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10. Mr. Wortham, trying not to
chuckle, offered to help us clean up the
mess.correct
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11. Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin who won a
1964 Nobel Prize determined the
molecular structure of vitamin B12.
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11. Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin, who won a
1964 Nobel Prize, determined the
molecular structure of vitamin B12.
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12. Species of turtles, that live in regions with harsh
winters, must hibernate.
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12. Species of turtles, that live in regions with harsh
winters, must hibernate.
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13. Speleologists are scientists, who
study caves and the organisms that
live in them.
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13. Speleologists are scientists, who
study caves and the organisms that
live in them.
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14. The puppy excited to see its owner wagged its
tail vigorously.
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14. The puppy, excited to see its
owner, wagged its tail vigorously.
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15. By explaining the refraction of light
through water I can give sensible reasons
for these strange appearances.
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15. By explaining the refraction of light
through water, I can give sensible reasons
for these strange appearances.
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16. Ascending the tree one branch at a time
Mrs. Weinberg eventually reached the stranded kitten.
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16. Ascending the tree one branch at a time,
Mrs. Weinberg eventually reached the stranded kitten.
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17. While I was working at the gas station I learned a
lot about cars.
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17. While I was working at the gas station, I learned a
lot about cars.
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18. Chasing a fly ball in center field Armand stepped in a hole and sprained
his ankle.
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18. Chasing a fly ball in center field, Armand stepped in a hole and sprained
his ankle.
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19. If people object to my suggestions let them state their
reasons.
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19. If people object to my suggestions, let them state their
reasons.
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Semicolons and Colons
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20. My mom is reading Shadow and Act it is a
collection of essays by Ralph Ellison.
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20. My mom is reading Shadow and Act; it is a collection of essays
by Ralph Ellison.
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21. The largest urban areas in Southeast Asia are centered around the
cities of Manila, Philippines Jakarta,
Indonesia and Bangkok, Thailand.
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21. The largest urban areas in Southeast Asia are centered around the
cities of Manila, Philippines; Jakarta,
Indonesia; and Bangkok, Thailand.
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22. Ships on the Caribbean Sea might carry sugar from the
West Indies coffee from Colombia, Costa Rica, or Guatemala or bananas
from Panama.
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22. Ships on the Caribbean Sea might carry sugar from the
West Indies; coffee from Colombia, Costa Rica, or Guatemala; or bananas
from Panama.
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23. The Abeita family has three dogs, a cat,
and a parrot and Jaime, Miguel, and Julia have
been asking for a horse.
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23. The Abeita family has three dogs, a cat,
and a parrot; and Jaime, Miguel, and Julia have been asking for a
horse.
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24. The reviewer praised the special
effects however, she criticized the screenplay.
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24. The reviewer praised the special
effects; however, she criticized the screenplay.
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25. The letter began, “Dear Dr. Garcia Thank you for considering my application for kennel
attendant at your clinic.”
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25. The letter began, “Dear Dr. Garcia: Thank you for considering my application for kennel
attendant at your clinic.”
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26. Katrina wrote her book report on The
Golden Gate A Novel in Verse by Vikram
Seth.
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26. Katrina wrote her book report on The
Golden Gate: A Novel in Verse by Vikram
Seth.
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27. The play doesn’t start until 800 p.m. however, we should plan to arrive early.
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27. The play doesn’t start until 8:00 p.m.; however, we should plan to arrive early.
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28. The lecture begins at 200 Dr. Durand
will be discussing the literary elements of
Psalm 104 1-50.
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28. The lecture begins at 2:00; Dr. Durand
will be discussing the literary elements of
Psalm 104: 1-50.
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29. Mrs. Hershey has visited several cities in
Canada Toronto, Ontario Edmonton, Alberta and Halifax,
Nova Scotia.
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29. Mrs. Hershey has visited several cities in
Canada: Toronto, Ontario; Edmonton, Alberta; and Halifax,
Nova Scotia.