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Chapter 6: Material Management
Helmut Steiner
Ulrich Priesmeyer
Kernkraftwerk Gundremmingen GmbH
Priesmeyer, KRB A, 6. Material Management
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Material Management
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Expected Volume of Radioaktive Waste
• type and quality of construction materials
• quality of the used nuclear fuel
• age of the plant
• operational history
• availability of clearance levels for materials
... is in general determinded by
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Volumes of LLW and ILW from Reactor Operations and Decommissioning in m³
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Major Primary Waste Stream
Burnable wastes (protective clothing, wood from ventilated hoods, laboratory furniture...) Low to High level massive metallic wastes (reactor internals, reactor pressure vessel, primary pumps, reservoirs, valves, structural materials...) Low to High level super-compactable metallic wastes (same sources as above plus e.g. electric cables, light supports, instrumentation...) Massive concrete wastes from slightly activated or contaminated slabs, floors, shielding walls, room walls... Concrete and bricks super-compactable rubble from demolition activities of activated or contaminated materials. Sludges from deposits in reservoirs and liquid sumps. Light non metallic super-compactable materials (isolation, asbestos...) Special waste such as contaminated lead bricks and shielding.
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Radiological Characterisation
• Protection of workers, public, environment
• classification of operations
• waste processing
• costs
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Important Factors for Decommissioning
• existence of a waste repository or at least
• defined acceptance criteria for radioactive waste
• criteria or clearance levels for unrestricted release of material
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Ways of disposal
Residuals and Removed Parts of the Plant
Non-hazardous Re-use
Melting
Deconta-mination
Re-use
Release for Conventional
Dump
Refuse Disposal Site
Conditioning
Final Repository
Radioactive Waste
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Structure for material flow
f in a l d isp o sa lin g e o lo g ica l
s tru c tu res
a s ra d io a c tiv w a s te
d o m e s tic w a s ted u m p
b u ild in g w a s ted u m p
w a s tein c in e ra tion
o th e r typ e o fd isp o s it ion
co n ve n tio n a l
d isp o sa l
b u ild in g s
co m p on e n ts
re u se
u n re s tric tedre cyc lin g
re cyc lin gw ith in the
n u c le a r f ie ld
co n tro lledre cyc lin g
re cyc lin g
n o n -d e trim e n ta l reu se a n d re cyc ling
re u sa b le m a te ria ls,co m p on e n ts
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Definitions and working steps duringtreatment of material
material arising during decommissioning
checking if reuse or recycling is possible
raw waste
pretreatment: incineration, shredding, evaporation, etc.
interim product
treatment: drying, compaction,cementation, pouring, etc.
waste product
packaging
waste package
yes reuse
no
container
conditioning
interim storage final disposal
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Decontamination measures forpossible waste streams
negative
contaminated pieceof material
measurement or calculation of the contamination
decontamination for the purpose of reuse
measurement of decontamination success
material can be reused ?
decontamination for the purpose of recycling
measurement of decontamination success
material can be reused ?
economical investigation
1. cost / benefit-analyses
2. risk / benefit-analyses
3. conditioning / storage-analyses
choice of the appropiate decontamination process
decontamination for the purpose of segmentation
measurement of decontamination success
Conditioning and packaging
reuse recycling disposal as conventional
waste
final disposal
Above release limit
positive
lower than
release limit
no no
yes yes
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Example: KRB A
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Initial Status
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Mass Flow of contaminated andactivated Material at KRB A
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Material Balance at KRB A
7,075 Mg
5,348 Mg
1,708 Mg
Status: 30.06.02
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Material Flow during Decommissioning
systems + components
operating material tools
post-dismantling
decontamination
free release recycling waste
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Turbine Hall at KRB A
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Factors for Material Management
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Disposal or Recycling ?
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Example for contaminated material:Ice-Sawing of a Steam Generator
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Ice-Sawing of a Steam Generator
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Material Balance of a Steam Generator
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Recycling Campagne for Electric Cables
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Separation of Insulation and Copper
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Recycling Campagne for Electric Cables
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View into the Rector Pressure Vessel
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Example for activated Material:Dismantling of RPV Internals
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Container for Final Storage
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MOSAIK - Container
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Classification of RPV Material
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New Waste Container
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Onion Cast Container (Monolith)
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Prototype of a Onion Cast Container
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Technical Measures and Methods for Conditioning of Radioactive Waste
Liquid Waste
- Incineration
- Fixation
- Filtration, Decantation
- Evaporation
Solid Waste
- Direct packaging
- Compaction
- Super-Compaction
- Incineration with super-compaction of ashes)
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Waste Conditioning Methods
Material Possible Treatment Internal Packagingand Transportation
External Packagingand Transportation
mixed material,
e.g cable, electriccomponents, smallparts
(super-) compaction pellets
container for pellets(suitable for finaldisposal)
measurements forunrestricted release
decontamination
small containers(boxes) Container
melting 200-1 drums
metallic components
final disposal small containers(boxes)
container for finaldisposal
isolation material (super-) compaction pellets container for pellets(suitable
for final disposal)
decontamination
release
concrete:blocks, debris
final disposal
small container container (suitable forfinal disposal)
secondary wastes:protection cloths, foils,etc.
incineration or similarprocesses
bags container for finaldisposal (after super-compaction of ashes)
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In-drum Compactor
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Burnable Waste Compactor
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FAKIR - Supercompactor
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FAKIR - Supercompactor
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FAKIR - Supercompactor
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PETRA - Pellet Drying Plant