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Design of Proton Driver for a Neutrino Factory
W. T. Weng
Brookhaven National Laboratory
NuFact Workshop 2006
Irvine, CA, Aug/25, 2006
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Outline
• Examples of parameter dependence
• Possible design parameter phase space
• Improvements on existing designs and
example of new design
• Summary and Conclusions
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Considerations of parameters - I
To deliver 4 MW beam power on target,
we consider the effects of
1. Energy
2. Repetition Rate
3. Intensity
4. Bunch Length
Of the Proton Driver
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Proton per pulse required for 4 MW
10 Hz 25 Hz 50 Hz
10 GeV 250 × 1012 100 × 1012 50 × 1012
20 GeV 125 × 1012 50 × 1012 25 × 1012
]Hz[feN]eV[E)w(Prep
arc
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Process mesons through Cooling
Analysis II Post CoolingCount mesons withinacceptance of 30π mm
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Post-cooling 30π Acceptance
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Summary
• For Negatives the peak occurs for
6 Gev < Proton KE < 11 GeV
• For Positives the peak occurs for
9 Gev < Proton KE < 19 GeV
• Consensus: 10 GeV is a good place to start
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Target/Beam Baseline used for comparison
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1 MW Proton Driver - Temperature Issues
Power and Heat removal capacity from target go hand-in-hand
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1 MW/50 Hz PD – target peak stresses3ns – 30ns – 300ns – 600ns
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SUMMARY of Performance
1 MW/50 Hz
12.0 e+12 ppp
YES
4 MW/50 Hz
48.0 e+12 ppp
NO
1 MW/200 Hz
3.0 e+12 ppp
YES
4 MW/200 Hz
12.0 e+12 ppp
MAYBE
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Design Parameter Phase Space
1. 8.0 GeV < Energy < 20.0 GeV
2. Rep Rate ~ 50(25) Hz
3. Intensity 50*10**(12) ppp, at 10(20) GeV
( very difficulty with solid target )
4. Bunch Length < 3 ns, for longitudinal
acceptance
5. Cost ???
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Examples of Future Improvements
1. Power Upgrade of J-PARC
2. Bunch Length of BNL
3. New Design of RAL
4. FFAG
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Short Bunch Length at BNL
• Longitudinal space charge force
• Experience for MECO
• Bunch length at transition energy
• Scale to new intensity and harmonic no.
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2 MW AGS Proton Driver
AGS proton driver layout for alternate injector linac design.
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Typical variation of , R, and E as the beam energy increases.
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Longitudinal Space Charge
sc parameter,
scaling relation,
(E. Courant, 1968)
3g
coseV
hmc2
R
r
2
N330
0
s2
2p
0
4/3
i
i
4/5
0 V
h
R
Nconst
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Longitudinal phase space of the proton beam before, at, and after crossing the transition energy in the AGS obtained with the computer code TIBETAN.
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Expected fractional beam loss upon transition crossing as a function of the initial (95%) longitudinal beam area obtained with the computer code TIBETAN.
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One Method of generating Short Bunch
• Short bunch can be generated by compressing RF system
• It can also be generated by bunch rotation
in the ring, or in the external beam line
• We try to do it by getting to transition
energy at extraction( lower voltage )
( C. Prior showed RAL methods at ISS )
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AGS as a Proton Driver
Present Upgrade VLBL NnFact Average Beam Power 0.14 2.0 4.0 Beam Energy (GeV) 24 28 10 Number of Protons per Fill 7.0 × 1013 9.0 × 1013 25.0 × 1013 Number of Bunches per Fill 12 23 5 Protons per Bunch 5.8 × 1012 3.91 × 1012 5.0 × 1013 Repetition Rate (Hz) 0.5 5.0 10.0 Linac Energy (MeV) 200 1500 1500 Linac rms Emitt (p mm mr, nor) 2.0 1.0 1.0 Pulse Length (ms) 0.5 0.72 0.72
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Summary and Conclusions
• We have presented the parameter constraint
for the Proton Driver
• A preferred parameter phase space has been
identified.
• Examples of new design and improvements on existing PD have been shown.