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Exploring the Internet
Session 1 Introduction to the Internet and World Wide Web
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Internet Definitions - p. 1
Network - set of hardware and software components that supports several people working together and allows sharing of hardware, software, and information
Internet - a network of networks that allows you to communicate with people anywhere in the world as well as access information that you desire any time of the day or night
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Internet Definitions (cont.)
Started in the 1960s as a joint project between education, and government (ARPANET) for defense purposes.
World Wide Web (WWW) - easy method of sending text, graphics, and sound has resulted in explosive growth
Web browser - piece of software needed for accessing WWW
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Internet
Today, mostly used for commercial purposes. Includes many different types of resources.
The one that is most prevalent today is the World Wide Web (WWW).
Allows millions of people from around the world to communicate with one another. Responsible for the fall of the iron curtain Role in Gulf War Totalitarian governments despise it
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Internet Connection Necessities
Modem or network connectionInternet accountInternet Service Provider (ISP) -
university, AOL, Dave’s World, and so forth
Software UtilitiesBrowser software
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Internet Addresses
Account - individual that you are communicating with
Domain Lower domain - the name of the
organization where the account can be found
Top domain - the type of organization
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Internet Addresses
To communicate with someone, you have to know their Internet address (everything after “@” is the domain):
[email protected]@rs6000.cmp.ilstu.edu
This User This User (account)(account)
At the computer At the computer named rs6000.cmpnamed rs6000.cmp
At Illinois State UniversityAt Illinois State University
An An educational educational institutioninstitution
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Top Domains - p. 5
.com commercial or business site.edueducational site.govU.S. government site.mil U.S. military site.net network site.org private or non-profit site
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Proposed Top Domains
.firm Businesses or firms.shop Bus. offering goods for purchase.web Web-based Entities .arts Cultural or entertainment activities.rec Recreational or entertainment entity.info Information services entities.nomIndividual or personal sites
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Starting an Internet Session
Obtain communication with your ISP Login procedure - identifies you to the
host computer Password - series of characters that
verifies to the computer that you are a valid userAsterisks may appear as you enter itNever give your password to anyone
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Internet Services
Electronic MailUsenet/NewsgroupsListservFile Transfer Protocol (FTP)TelnetGopher and VeronicaInternet Relay ChatWorld Wide Web
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E-mail - p. 6
E-mail - ability to send and receive messages using the computer.
Uses special software designed specifically for this task Pine, Elm (UNIX) Eudora Exchange
Single or many recipients possibleFlaming
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E-mail Etiquette - p. 7
Keep message brief and concise Don’t send confidential or embarrassing info. Remember, the message belongs to the org. Don’t copy unnecessary people Don’t use all upper case letters Include a salutation and signature line You may want to use shorthand (abbreviations) -
Table 1.2 Emoticons help to show how you feel - Table 1.3 Avoid all gossip or impropriety using E-mail
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Usenet/Newsgroups - p. 9
Interactive discussions that can occur on a wide variety o f subjects
Postings are E-mail messages to the newsgroup
Information is arranged by topic or by areas of interest
100s of group names/topics are available
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Usenet/Newsgroups
Selected group names or categories comp computers misc don’t fit a category rec recreational activities or hobbies sci scientific areas soc social, cultural, and political talk discussion forums for politics or
other areas with controversy
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Listserv
Listserv - consists of all e-mail messages related to a single topic
A document containing these e-mail messages is sent to all subscribers
All that is required to access is e-mail software
Many times listservs are used for conducting classes
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Agent - Newsgroup browser
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Newsgroup Guidelines
Review the frequently asked questions (FAQ) document for that group.
Review the last two or three weeks of the articles or postings to get a flavor for the group.
Spend some time “lurking” examining the group without posting.
Be careful with your first postings. If participants feel you don’t understand elementary items, you will probably get flamed.
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File Transfer Protocol - p. 13
File Transfer Protocol (FTP) - method of transferring files across the Internet
Can be done with UNIX statementsCan be done with special FTP softwareMay be built in browser, such as
Netscape or Intrnet ExplorerMany times referred to as anonymous
FTP because most users use anonymous as their name when requesting files.
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FTP Client Software Utility
Your System Your System (where you (where you
want to receive want to receive the files)the files)
Where the files Where the files currently residecurrently reside
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Telnet - p. 14
Allows you to communicate directly with another computer
Unlike FTP, it does not allow you to download files
Many times used to gain access to other libraries, get weather forecasts, and so forth
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Gopher and Veronica - p. 14
Gopher - text-based, menu driven program that allows you to access, view, and download files (developed at U. of Minn.)
Precursor to WWW—not used much anymore
Veronica is the search engine for finding files from multiple gopher sites; analogous to Yahoo, Excite, … in the WWW.
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Internet Relay Chat
Permits you to communicate “live” with other Internet users
Needs special software that can be downloaded from a number of locations
Requires you to log in to a chat roomStatements that you type are visible
to other participants
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World Wide Web (WWW or Web)
Designed in 1989 by Tim Berners-LeeCombines text, graphics, sound as a
“packet” of informationPhenomenally rapid growthRequires the use of a software
browser to interpret the data needed for a site and then download it to the user and display/play properly
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World Wide Web Terminology
Web Browser - A piece of software that can understand and display Web documents (Netscape and Explorer are two commonly used browsers)
Home page - The initial Web page Netscape loads when you start the program
Uniform Resource Locator - The location of a page on the World Wide Web
Web Document - A specially designed file for use on the Web than can contain text, graphics, sound, and links to other Web pages.
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URL Components
Protocol http: (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)
Host (Server address) www.cis.usouthal.edu
Resource (file name or full path to file) Internet.html
http://www.microsoft.com/ie
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More Web Terminology
Hyperlinks - “Jumps” to a different location in the document, a different document on the computer, or a different computer
http - Hypertext transfer protocol - the first four letters in each URL - indicates that the browser can expect text, graphic, or sound files
HTML - HyperText Markup Language - the ASCII based language used to describe a Web page so that it can be interpreted by the browser software for loading text, images, or sound files.
Surfing - Navigating links of Web pages
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Web Browsers
A number of different kinds of browsers Netscape Internet Explorer Mosaic
Netscape the browser selected by ISU
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Internet Explorer Screen
Menu barToolbarsAddress text boxDocument windowStatus barScroll barsStatus indicator
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Web Surfing
Enter an address in the Location boxClick on a link
Pointer turns into a hand with the upraised index finger to indicate a link
Click the link and that page is loadedRole of the Forward and Back
buttonsFavorites
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More Surfing
Printing a Web pageSaving pagesAccessing saved pagesUsing the Context menu
Saving images Images are typically GIF and JPG files
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Other Web Browser Uses
Accessing Search Engines Search Engine
Types - Pip handoutSearch Spiders
Research using the WebE-MailNewsgroups
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Research Using the Computer
Searching for information on the Web Start with a search engine Success depends on how the search
engine determines sites Lots of “garbage” on the Web
Searching a library using Telnet or Browser