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Falls
Module 3
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DISCLAIMERThis material was produced under grant
number SH-22248-1 from the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, U.S.
Department of Labor. It does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of
the U.S. Department of Labor, nor does mention of trade names, commercial
products, or organizations imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
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Objectives• After this module you should be able to– identify the most common fall hazards– take the steps necessary to avoid those
hazards
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Fall Hazards• Uneven working surfaces• Unprotected sides and edges• Ladders• Open pits• Climbing and working from the derrick• Working off the bed of trucks• Floor holes• Stairs• Getting on and off mobile equipment• Equipment, materials, lines, etc. on rig floor or
ground
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Controlling Fall Hazards• Fall hazards MUST be controlled where an
employee has the potential to fall 4 feet or greater to a lower level.
• However, best practices are to eliminate all fall hazards, regardless of height.
4’
2’
control this fall hazard as well
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Controlling Fall Hazards• The control of fall hazards is classified into
two categories: Fall Prevention Fall Protection
guardrails hole covers
housekeeping fall restraint
PFAS
safety nets
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uneven walking/working surface
Corrective Action: inform your supervisor that a potential for falls exists here
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walking surfaces can get slippery from oil spills during maintenance activities
Corrective Actions: keep walking surfaces as clean as possible; spread something down for traction
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a pallet used in place of a ladder
Corrective Action: use only approved ladders
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even a good set of stairs with stairrails can be the site of a fall
Corrective Actions: 3 points of contact; walk; clear and clean; carry only light loads; do not jump last few steps
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the v-door opening is a fall hazard if not properly guarded
a gate or barrier like this one must be installed when the opening is not in use
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employees working on trailer with no means of fall protection
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Potential Solutions
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worker without fall protection with possible fall of 18’
Corrective Action: install a guardrail or use a PFAS
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employee using the landing of a set of stairs as a working surface
Corrective Action: install a swinging gate (that meets guardrail requirements) on the stair opening
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reserve pit fence down during frac job creates a potential for fall into pit
Corrective Action: maintain reserve pit fences after rig leaves and until reclamation
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worker climbing the derrick of a service rig without fall protection
Corrective Action: use a PFAS with a suitable anchor point
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worker correctly using a boatswain’s chair
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work practices like these often end in tragedy for the worker and his family
Corrective Actions: never stand on forks or use makeshift baskets; always use proper lift baskets and a PFAS
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is this any better?
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a worker can be thrown from or fall out of the basket of an aerial lift
always wear a PFAS while in the basket; attach PFAS to a suitable anchor point
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a gap in the guardrail system
Corrective Action: inform your supervisor that a potential for falls exists here
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a floor hole that can cause a trip; materials can fall through and strike a worker below
Corrective Action: always replace covers over holes in rig floor when not in use
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this is another example of a fall hazard
Corrective Action: cover the rest of the hole or cover entire hole with a larger grate
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hoses and other equipment left on the rig floor are tripping hazards
Corrective Action: tuck away to prevent tripping or return to storage after use
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cables can cause a trip if a worker forgets or doesn’t know where they are
yellow caution tape was used here to indicate that there is a trip hazard
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running on site is just not necessary
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Applicable Standards• 1910 Subpart D Walking/Working
Surfaces• 1926 Subpart M Fall Protection• API RP 54– 5.5 Fall Protection– 9.3 Ladders, Stairways, and Platforms
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Your Employer Is Responsible For• Providing and maintaining safe access• Ensuring that there are no unguarded
surfaces 4 feet or more in height• When necessary, providing a PFAS,
training on, and ensuring its use
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You Are Responsible For• Inspecting your work area for fall hazards• Following all fall protection procedures
your company has in place including wearing a personal fall arrest system (PFAS)
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Case StudyHarness on, not connected, derrickman
slipped, grabbed the elevator, and held on for a few minutes. Tired, he let go, grabbing
the steel. He slid partially down the pipe joint until he reached the pipe collar where
he fell about 65’ to his death.
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Always Remember• When working at heights 4 feet or greater
fall hazards must be controlled• Keep walking/working surfaces as clean
and clear as possible• Walk, don’t run• Cover floor holes when not in use
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Memory Check1. Fall protection is required at how many
feet or more for general industry?a. 4b. 10c. 12d. 15
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Memory Check2. What is a PFAS?
a. Personal Fall Ascent Systemb. Partial Fall Ascent Systemc. Personal Fall Arrest Systemd. Partial Fall Arrest System
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Memory Check3. When ascending and descending a
ladder or stairs, at least how many points of contact must you maintain?
a. 1b. 2c. 3d. 4