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1IMCC presentation September 2011
Maritime Liability and Compensation Conventions
David Baker
International Group of P&I Clubs
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2IMCC presentation September 2011
Maritime Liability and Compensation Conventions
• 1992 CLC Protocol
• 1992 Fund Convention / 2003 Protocol
• 2001 Bunkers Convention
• 1996 HNS Convention/2010 HNS Protocol
• Athens Convention 2002 Protocol
• 2007 Wreck Removal Convention
• 1976 LLMC Convention / 1996 Protocol
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3IMCC presentation September 2011
The International Maritime Organization (IMO)
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4IMCC presentation September 2011
1992 Civil Liability Convention (CLC 92):
Status – in force from 30/05/1996
• 125 contracting States (as at 31/08/2011).
• Strict liability with limited shipowner defences/exceptions
• Shipowner funded compensation up to 90 m. SDR (approx US$ 141 m.) - limits last reviewed upwards (approx 50%) from 1/11/03
• Compensation enhanced through voluntary industry agreement - STOPIA 2006 – small vessels up to 29,548 GT (State parties to 1992 Fund only)
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5IMCC presentation September 2011
IOPC Fund Convention (1992 Fund):
Status – in force from 30/05/1996
• 107 States Parties (as at 31/08/2011)
• Provides for compensation up to 203 million SDR (approx US$ 319 m.) including the applicable CLC limit
• Funded by member State contributions levied on industry
• Supplementary Fund Protocol – aggregate limit of 750m SDR (approx. US1.2 bn)
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6IMCC presentation September 2011
Prestige – Spain, November 2002
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7IMCC presentation September 2011
2001 Bunkers Convention:
Status – in force from 21/11/2008
• 59 contracting States (as at 31/08/2011)
• Strict liability with limited shipowner defences/exceptions
• Compensation based on applicable national or international limitation regime e.g. LLMC – possible increases to limits?
• “Blue Cards” / financial guarantees
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8IMCC presentation September 2011
1996 HNS Convention/2010 HNS Protocol:
Status – not in force. Protocol adopted by the IMO in April 2010
Entry into force:
• 18 months after 12 ratifications with contributing cargo requirement
• Two tier compensation scheme as CLC/IOPC Fund up to 250m SDR (approx US$ 392m)
• Strict liability with limited shipowner defences
• Shipowner liability limit up to SDR 100 million (approx US$ 157m.) but 15% increase for packaged goods only
• Blue cards/financial guarantees
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9IMCC presentation September 2011
1996 HNS Convention/2010 Protocol contd.
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HNS Convention: Compensation Amounts
Limit on shipowner's liabiltyHNS Fund
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10IMCC presentation September 2011
2002 Athens Protocol (Passengers and luggage):
Status – not yet in force
• Currently 6 Contracting States – entry into force 12 months following 10 ratifications
• Strict liability with limited shipowner defences
• Shipowner liability limit for death/ PI 250,000 SDR per passenger (approx US$ 392, 500) or 400,000 SDR (approx US$ 628,100) where fault or neglect involved
• Blue cards/financial guarantees
• Entry into force in the EU on 31 December 2012
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11IMCC presentation September 2011
2007 Nairobi Wreck Removal Convention:
Status – not yet in force
• Currently 3 Contracting State - entry into force 12 months following 10 ratifications
• Strict liability with limited shipowner defences/exceptions
• Compensation based on applicable national or international regime e.g. LLMC (but note LLMC opt out for wreck removal claims)
• Unlimited liability in some jurisdictions
• “Blue Cards” / financial guarantees
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12IMCC presentation September 2011
1976 LLMC Convention
Status – in force from 01/12/1986
• 51 States Parties
• Separate limits for passenger and other claims – calculated on a sliding scale SDR per GT basis – limit for largest vessels approx US $ 64 m. (passenger claims) and US$ 32 m. (other claims)
• No amendment procedure
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13IMCC presentation September 2011
1996 LLMC Protocol
Status – in force from 13/05/2004
• 41 States Parties as at 31/08/2011
• Separate limits for passenger and other claims – calculated on a sliding scale SDR per GT basis – limit for largest vessels approx US $ 150 m. (passenger claims) and US$ 75 m. (other claims)
• Review of limits by IMO Legal Committee
• Under amendment procedure limits could more than double (6% pa compound)
• IG claims data
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14IMCC presentation September 2011
Thank you for your attention
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International Group of P&I Clubs
IMCC Dublin
September 2011