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1STLINEDEFENCE Unit3,MapleParkEssexRoadHoddesdonHer@ordshire EN110EX Tel:01992446974
www.1stlinedefence.co.uk
1st Line Defence Unexploded Ordnance Risk in the UK
Mark Watson Operations Manager
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“1st Line Defence are UXO Specialists and Consultants
dedicated to providing bespoke solutions to the UXO risk for our
clients”
Who Are We?
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Organisation Structure
Managing Director
Operations Manager Finance Manager
Accounts Supervisor
Accounts Department
Reports & Research Manager
Senior Researcher
Research Department
Sales & Business
Development
Sales Department
Operations Department
UXO Specialists
Operations Administrator
Project Manager
Project Geophysicist
Health & Safety Department
Accounts Assistant
Researchers
Sales Executive Senior UXO Supervisor
Company QHSE
Executive Assistant
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• Company formed July 2011 from extensive commercial and military background
• Head office Hoddesdon, Herts – work across whole UK
• Now one of the UK’s Leading UXO Specialists
• Professional and highly competent • All operatives and senior
management ex-military RAF/Navy/Army
Who Are We?
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• UK Construction Industry • Councils and Government
Agencies • Ground Investigation Companies • Archaeologists • Piling Companies • Consultants • Land Remediation Companies
Who are our clients?
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• Express Preliminary UXO Threat Assessments
• Detailed UXO Threat Assessments • UXO Specialist On-site Support • Intrusive UXO Surveys • Non-intrusive UXO Surveys • UXO Safety & Awareness Training • Marine Ordnance Services • Quality Assurance & Consultancy • On-Call/Rapid Response
What services do we provide?
“Our expertise lies in dealing with historic unexploded ordnance contamination throughout the UK and abroad”
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Background to UXO Threat in UK
• RAF / USAAF Sites • Home Guard Activities • Land Service Ammunition / Small
Arms Ammunition Contamination • German Air-Delivered Ordnance • Allied Air-Delivered Ordnance • Aircraft Activity and Crashes • Explosive ordnance manufacturing,
storage and disposal
• Usage of decoy sites • Training and staging areas • Defensive Positions • Firing Ranges • Army Camps • Anti-aircraft Batteries • Prisoner of War Camps • Military Training Areas
ARP Record, Nottingham Historical Records, Manchester Major Target, Pembroke Dock Major Target, Rail Infrastructure
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Recent UXO Finds
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Recent UXO Discoveries
Live 500kg German HE Bomb found, Bermondsey March 2015
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Recent UXO Discoveries
Live 50kg German HE Bomb found, Wembley, May 2015
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Recent UXO Discoveries 2015
Live 250kg German HE Bomb found, Bethnal Green, August 2015
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Recent UXO Discoveries
1000kg UXB, former Armstrong Siddeley works, Coventry, September 2015
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Recent UXO Discoveries
50kg bomb found during works on Thames embankment, January 2017
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250kg German HE Bomb found
Brondesbury Park, London.
March 2017
Recent UXO Discoveries
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• WWII bomb blast kills digger driver in Germany
• Eight others injured • Blast impact felt 1km
away • Nearby cars and office
buildings damaged
3rd January 2014
Recent UXO Incident
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Express Preliminary Threat Assessment
• Three to four page report • Reports produced within 1 day • Accurate, valuable information • Clear and concise • Impartial conclusions • Produced by specialist graduate
researchers • Conforms directly to CIRIA C681
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Express Preliminary Threat Assessment
• Basic Site Data • Previous Military Use • Indicators of potential aerial
delivered UXO threat • Consideration of any Mitigating
Factors • Extent of Proposed Intrusive
Works • Requirement for Additional
Research or Risk Mitigation Works
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Express Preliminary Threat Assessment
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Detailed Threat Assessment
• 7-10 Day Turnaround with Competitive Pricing
• WWII-era Aerial Photography Standard
• Includes visits to Local and National Archives as Standard
• Risk Fully Qualified with Transparent Risk Assessment
• Clear, Concise, Common Sense
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Detailed Threat Assessment
• Five Key Considerations 1. The risk that the site was
contaminated with UXO • Bomb Density • Bomb Damage • Frequency of Access • Ground Cover • Bomb Failure Rate
2. The risk that UXO remains 3. The risk of encountering UXO 4. The risk that UXO might be initiated 5. The consequences of initiation and/
or encounter
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Background to UXO Threat in UK
These are the most common types of high explosive bombs dropped over the UK
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WWII Bombing
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LondonBombDensityMap
ExamplesofBombCensusMapping
WWII Bombing
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WWII Bombing
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WWII Bombing
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Example of Blast Effect
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WWII Bombing
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WWII Bombing
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J-Curve Effect
Lateral offset from point of entry
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Detailed Threat Assessment
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Detailed Threat Assessment
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Risk Levels
DetailedUXORiskAssessments PreliminaryUXORiskAssessments
607ExpressPreliminaryAssessments386DetailedAssessments
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ALARP Principle
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Non-Intrusive Survey
• Sensitive one, three or four sensors
• Data2line UXO software • 0.5 m swath width per
sensor • Survey depth typically:
grenade up to 1m & 50kg bomb up to 4m
• Fast & cost effective • Target mass & polar
coordinates
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Non-Intrusive Survey
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Target Investigation
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Intrusive Survey
• Intrusive Survey • Variety of platforms • Combined
Geotechnical CPT • 2m radius and 0.50m
look ahead • Propriety software
and interpretation • Fast and cost
effective • 20m+ depth
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Intrusive Survey
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Intrusive Survey
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Intrusive Survey
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UXO Specialist On-site Support
• Immediate specialist response to Unexploded Ordnance (UXO) or any suspicious items.
• Immediate safety evaluation of any items of UXO found.
• On-site incident control and advice in the event of an ordnance find.
• On-site Ordnance Awareness Safety briefings to project personnel.
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UXO Specialist On-site Support
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UXO Investigation
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Examples of Recent Projects
Case Studies
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Norfolk Wildlife Trust
• AreaofworksadjacenttoformerWWIIhigh-alXtudepracXcebombingrange
• AreausedbythemilitaryfortrainingupunXl1950
• Non-intrusiveUXOMagnetometerSurveycarriedout
• PracXcebombsandlivemortarroundsfoundduringTargetInvesXgaXon
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Norfolk Wildlife Trust
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Avonmouth
• 1stLineDefencewerecommissiontoundertakeDetailedUXORiskAssessment
• Sitecomprisedopenareaofmarshadjacenttomajorindustrialtargets
• 2x250kgbombsremovedfromsiteduringwarandincendiarybombingrecordedoverarea
• Non-intrusiveUXOmagnetometersurveyundertaken
• 1kgincendiarybombsandbaseofAAprojecXlerecovered
Avonmouthbombcensusmap
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Royal Wharf, London
• RiskAssessmentundertaken–riskidenXfiedfromGermanUXBs
• Over1000intrusiveUXOmagnetometersurveysundertakentodate
• Severalphasesofworksoverlasttwoyears
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Loch Rannoch, Scotland
• 1stLineDefencewerecommissionedtoundertakeUXO‘Watch&Brief’Supportduringtheplannedremovaloftreestumps
• ResearchidenXfiedthatareausedfortrainingbyNorwegianforcesduringWWII
• NumerouslivemortarroundswereidenXfiedandsafelydealtwith
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• UXO Awareness Briefings to project personnel
• “Watch and Brief” shallow excavation support
Ilford Rail Depot
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The O2, Greenwich
• Intrusive UXO Survey • 691 Surveys across three site areas
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Shoeburyness Northern Sea Wall
• Non-intrusive survey followed by 100% target investigation
• Over 600 items of ordnance found
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The Moor, Sheffield
• 961 Pile Locations Cleared
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Our competitive edge
What we do better than others?
• Professional & Friendly • Expert • Honesty and integrity • Employ only the highest quality specialists • Attention to detail • Take the good, discard the bad • Reasonable and appropriate advice
A Common Sense Approach to UXO Risk Management
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Questions?