1
Mapping of the Airspace Systems Program to the JPDO NGATS 2025 Capability
Requirements
Presentation to the ARAC Airspace Systems Program Subcommittee
Robert A. Jacobsen, Program Manager
John A. Cavolowsky, Dep. Prog. Mgr for Technical Integration
August 4, 2005
2
Primary Purpose of the Analysis
To understand the degree of alignment between the ASP to the NGATS Curb-to-Curb capabilities requirements.
- This is a “bottoms up” mapping.
To assist in realigning and reprioritizing the ASP to be more fully supportive of the JPDO.
- This is a work in progress.
3
ASP/NGATS Observations• ASP is reviewing its activities relative to NGATS requirements.
– Much of NASA’s current and proposed research is directly relevant to the NGATS concepts even though the vocabulary may not appear so.
• The core of the ATM process in the future NGATS concept is the “evaluator concept.”– This is a direct derivative of the Traffic Flow Management/Strategic
Management activities underway and planned by ASP.– Shared responsibility and controller human factors are key research elements.
• Not all ASP research is directly targeted to NGATS, but most of it is.– Analysis of promising automation concepts and technology to take forward for
further development and demonstration in support of NGATS/JPDO goals and objectives.
– Prototype software that can be extended for operational demonstration of transformed NAS operations.
• ASP’s TNAS program augmentation is focused on the longer term concepts of strategic ATC/ATM.
4
Highly in
tegrated & automated
Highly integrated &
automated
ATM system
ATM system
Leve
l of
Sys
tem
Cap
abili
ty
Individual DST Development for Focused Applications
Integration of DSTs for more
Efficient Operations
New Transformational Operations & Advanced Capabilities in Specific
Airspace Domains
Seamless Mixed-Operations Across Airspace Domains
Near Term Far Term
Decision support tools to operate
within today’s framework
NAS Transformation New Ways of Operating to Meet New Needs for Air Mobility
5
Mapping and Analysis Observations
• Many R&D activities map to many NGATS 2025 capability requirements. – Current project portfolio is not organized to provide clearly
understandable applicability to NGATS 2025.
• We have conducted several ASP mapping analyses.– NGATS 2025 Capabilities PRIMARY
– Agile Air Traffic System IPT Action Plan
– ASP independent R&D requirements assessment
• How does this help to restructure ASP project elements?– An alignment with a functional architecture may be a better
approach.
6
JPDO C2C Capabilities
•Network-Enabled Information Access
•Performance-Based Services
•Layered, Adaptive Security
•Weather Assimilation into Decisions
•Broad-Area Precision Navigation
•Aircraft Trajectory-Based Operations
•“Equivalent Visual” Operations
•Expanded Airport Operations with “Super Density”
7
Sample JPDO C2C Expanded Capabilities Net-Enabled Information Access
C2C Capabilities
1. Net-enabled info access
a. Creation of network-centric architecture standards and protocols
b. Definition of appropriate dissemination and the use of information, accounting for safety, security, and mission criticalities c. Determination of architectures that optimize reliability, scalability, and cost in the air transportation, communication, navigation, and surveillance environments d. Ground-to-ground information sharing
i. Integrated surveillance system across government
ii. Timely info (weather, safety, security) from private, commercial, & government sources
iii. Network allowing for facility consolidation (with careful and early attention given to creating effective policy for consolidation) e. Air-to-ground & ground-to-air information sharing
i. Aircraft position and intent
ii. Clearance and 4D trajectories
iii. Weather info
f. Air-to-air information sharing to support
i. Cockpit situational awareness
ii. Conflict resolution
8
Sample Detailed Mapping of ASP Projects to C2C Capabilities
C2C Capabilities Related ASP Projects & Sub Projects
1. Net-enabled info access a. Creation of network-centric architecture standards and protocols
SBT - MCNASBT - ICNSISBT - CA - S/C, SDSBT-FCS-GISBT-ICNSI-AS
b. Definition of appropriate dissemination and the use of information, accounting for safety, security, and mission criticalities c. Determination of architectures that optimize reliability, scalability, and cost in the air transportation, communication, navigation, and surveillance environments
SBT - CA - AO
d. Ground-to-ground information sharing SBT - STC - SWN i. Integrated surveillance system across government ii. Timely info (weather, safety, security) from private, commercial, & government sources iii. Network allowing for facility consolidation (with careful and early attention given to creating effective policy for consolidation) e. Air-to-ground & ground-to-air information sharing SBT - FCS - Next Gen
SBT - SatcomERSBT - ICNSI - GA/GNSBT - MCNASBT - CNS Tech - VHFSBT - CA - AO - AICSBT - STC - TAC
i. Aircraft position and intent SBT - MCNA ii. Clearance and 4D trajectories SBT - MCNA iii. Weather info SBT - MCNA f. Air-to-air information sharing to support SBT - FCS
SBT - MMDAEAS - AFM
i. Cockpit situational awareness SBT - MMDAEAS - AFM
ii. Conflict resolution EAS - AFM
9
Top Level Mapping of ASP Projects to C2C Capabilities
1. Net-enabled information access
• Space-Based Technology– Mobile Communications Network
Architecture
– Integrated CNS Infrastructures: Aviation Spectrum; Global Ground/Air Network
– Future Communication Study: Next Generation Communications; Global Interoperability
– Satellite Based CNS: Satcom for Enroute
• Efficient Aircraft Spacing– Airborne Separation: Autonomous Flight
Management
C2C Capabilities Related ASP Projects & Sub-projects
10
Top Level Mapping of ASP Projects to C2C Capabilities
2. Performance-based services
• Space-Based Technology– Satellite Based CNS: Oceanic CNS
• Strategic Airspace Usage– Collaborative Traffic Management
• Efficient Aircraft Spacing– Airborne Separation: Enhanced
Oceanic Operations
• UAV in the NAS
C2C Capabilities Related ASP Projects & Sub-projects
11
Top Level Mapping of ASP Projects to C2C Capabilities
3. Layered, adaptive security
4. Weather assimilated into decisions
5. Broad-area precision navigation
• Out of ASP Scope
• Virtual Airspace Modeling and Simulation
– System Level Integrated Concepts: Operational Concepts; All Weather Concepts, System-wide blended Concept
• Spaced-Based Technology– CNS Technology: Advanced CNS
Technologies
C2C Capabilities Related ASP Projects & Sub-projects
12
Top Level Mapping of ASP Projects to C2C Capabilities
6. Aircraft trajectory-based operations
• Virtual Airspace Modeling and Simulation– System Level Integrated
Concepts: System Wide Optimization, Advanced Airspace Concept, Point-to-Point, Surface Operation Automation Research Concept, Terminal Area Capacity Enhancing Concept, All Weather Concept, System-wide Blended Concept
• Strategic Airspace Usage– Oceanic Tailored Arrivals– System-wide Evaluation and Planning Tool
• Efficient Flight Path Management– Advanced Routing: Integrated Trajectory
Management; Tactical Conflict Detection and Resolution
– Enroute Descent Advisor– Multi-facility Traffic Management
• Efficient Aircraft Spacing– Shared Separation: Trajectory Oriented
Operations with Limited Delegation
C2C Capabilities Related ASP Projects & Sub-projects
13
Top Level Mapping of ASP Projects to C2C Capabilities
7. “Equivalent visual” operations
• Virtual Airspace Modeling and Simulation
– System Level Integrated Concepts: Operational Concepts; Point-to-Point Automated Airports, Surface Operation Automation Research Concept, Metron Surface concept, System-wide Blended Concept
• Satellite-Based Technologies– Integrated CNS Infrastructures:
Transitional Architecture
• Small Aircraft Transportation System– Higher Volume Operations– Lower Landing Minima
• Efficient Aircraft Spacing– Airborne Precision Spacing– Autonomous Flight Management
C2C Capabilities Related ASP Projects & Sub-projects
14
Top Level Mapping of ASP Projects to C2C Capabilities
8. Expanded airport operations with “Super Density”
• Virtual Airspace Modeling and Simulation
– System Level Integrated Concepts: Point-to-Point, Wake Vortex Avoidance System, Terminal Area Capacity Enhancing Concept, System-wide Blended Concept
• Strategic Airspace Usage– Oceanic Tailored Arrivals
• Efficient Flight Path Management– Enroute Descent Advisor– Multi-facility Traffic Management
• Efficient Aircraft Spacing– Wake Vortex Solutions– Shared Separation: Trajectory Oriented
Operations with Limited Delegation
C2C Capabilities Related ASP Projects & Sub-projects
15
Alignment Results:Areas of Good Alignment
• By the numbers, ASP alignment with NGATS 2025 Capabilities is strong.
• 46 of 52 ASP Projects/Sub-Projects align directly to a C2C capability
• Most projects/sub-projects that do not align directly to a C2C capability are required to support other ASP projects that in turn directly support the C2C Capabilities. For example:
• VAMS VAST sub-project (ACES)
• Human Measures and Performance
• Difficult to determine the extent of achievement of the capability
• Further definition of functional elements needed to evaluate
16
Alignment Results:Potential Areas for Augmentation (examples)
• Net-enabled information access• Ground to ground information sharing
• Performance-based services• Multiple levels of service• Allow flexibility to varying situations and needs• Performance-based standards for cooperative surveillance and communication
• Broad-area precision navigation• Satellite-based navigation primary for en route and terminal area• Basis for cooperative surveillance and reduced separation standards • Alternatives to GPS/GNSS for primary means of precision navigation
• Aircraft Trajectory Based Operations• 4D trajectories for the basis for planning and execution of aircraft operations in the airspace and on the surface• Common 4D geo-spatial information system• Dynamic Airspace design• Determination of the appropriate incremental insertion of tomorrow’s 4D planning and evaluation into today’s system• Determination of responsibilities between aircraft operators and service providers• Mission criticality and backup requirements
• Super Density Operations• Reduced runway occupancy time• Two aircraft on runway simultaneously
17
ASP Independent R&D Requirement Assessments
• ASP needed to begin identification of JPDO NGATS requirements in advance of JPDO agendas (for agency budget planning activities).
• ASP initiated two efforts to identify R&D needs stemming from earlier forms of JPDO planning documents– Agile ATS Action Plan
– Earliest NGATS Architecture and Block-to-Block Capabilities
Interesting and consistent results, but not straight forward to use for program restructure.
18
Example of AATS IPT Derived Research Req’tsArea: Explore 4D traffic flow management concepts
Scope and Characteristics:
o Gate-to-gate conflict free 4D trajectories and 4D contracts including separation assurance
o Integrated with SUA, TFR, and Homeland Security requirements
• Determine the stability over time, of iterations of negotiated, optimal, conflict free trajectory contracts in various domains.
• Determine how to accommodate the ability of various aircraft types and capabilities to meet 4D contracts.
• Determine the allowable variance in meeting 4D contracts.
• Determine how to monitor compliance with 4D contract.
• Determine the feasibility and policy implications of guarantees of service based on meeting 4D contracts.
• Determine the utility and role of time-based metering at all major terminal areas.
• Determine capabilities achieved over a look ahead range of 330 days to 20 minutes
• Determine the role for 4D trajectory management in specialized airspace (e.g., super high airspace; skyways)
19
Key Categories of Research from NGATS Architecture and Block-to-Block Capabilities• Optimizer/Evaluator Research• CNS Research• Human Factors Research• Vehicles• Security• Airspace Structure• SWIM• Surface Operations• Weather• Flight-deck Situational Awareness• Wake Vortex• Affordable Avionics• Policy
20
Optimizer/Evaluator Research
• Profile generation/algorithm software development– Planning for optimizing all future 4D Trajectories
• Sequencing• Separation
– Optimizing all active 4D Trajectories in real time (with respect to user needs)– Accounting and predicting of the impact of weather– Accounting and predicting the impact of system capacity and demand at any instant of time
• Ground• In-flight
– Accounting for aircraft performance• Information Management Capability
– Database management• Data Sources and availability• Data fusion• Information exchange formats• Accessibility• Latency
– Manner in which user interaction occurs• Automatic user interaction/negotiation
– Pre-flight– In-flight
– System Robustness and Security• Fault management
– Transition strategies – Quality Assurance
• Operational metrics
21
CNS Research
• Optimized GNSS– Total satellite system design to support concept (GPS IV)
• Numbers, performance, avionics, etc, etc• ADS-B system
– Affordable avionics and ground system• Digital Communications
– System choice • concept, modulation, frequency, security. • Spectrum, International acceptance, compatibility• Affordable avionics and ground system
• Transition Planning– Facilities
• Manned, Unmanned• Ground based, space based
– Mixed equipage• Information display and I/O processes
22
Human Factors• Management By Exception Operations
– Human and automation interaction/roles and responsibilities– Workload for pilot and controller– Strategy to recover from partial and full system problems/failures– Identify attributes/characteristics/capabilities of future controllers
• Situational awareness and information display needs and systems to support the controller, pilot, airlines, public, users, etc.
– Ground based – Flight planning– In-flight
• Preflight and in-flight processes for interacting with users– Information flow, timeliness, display, and processes– Automatic filing/negotiation
• Decision Support Tools– Cockpit– Service providers– Other users
• Transition• Fault management • Facilities
– Number, kind and distribution
23
NATIONAL AIRSPACE OPTIMIZERNATIONAL AIRSPACE OPTIMIZER
NGATS FUNCTIONAL FLOWNGATS FUNCTIONAL FLOW
NCI Data Base
Traffic Information
Weather Information
SUA Status & Plans
Infrastructure Status & Plans
Security Information
Surveillance & Track Data
A/G Communications
NCI Data Base
Traffic Information
Weather Information
SUA Status & Plans
Infrastructure Status & Plans
Security Information
Surveillance & Track Data
A/G Communications
Traffic Statistics
Weather Information
Infrastructure Status & Plans
Optional 4 - D Trajectory Contract Offers
4 - D Trajectory Request
Accepted Trajectory Contract
Passenger
Cargo
GA
Business
Military
Ground - Based Users
Flight Dispatch & Flight Planning
Ramp Management
Gate Management
Ground - Based Users
Flight Dispatch & Flight Planning
Ramp Management
Gate Management
Traffic Managers
(Airspace & Traffic Flow)
Airport & Airspace Configuration Monitoring
Trajectory/Traffic - Flow Monitoring
General System Oversight
Management by Exception
Traffic Managers
(Airspace & Traffic Flow)
Airport & Airspace Configuration Monitoring
Trajectory/Traffic - Flow Monitoring
General System Oversight
Management by Exception
Aircraft Managers
(Airborne & Surface Controllers)
Trajectory Contract Conformance Monitoring
Control by Exception
Aircraft Managers
(Airborne & Surface Controllers)
Trajectory Contract Conformance Monitoring
Control by Exception
SatNav
Flight Deck Users
(Pilots & Automation)
4 - D Contract Execution (Gate - to - Gate)
Maneuvers by Exception
Flight Deck Users
(Pilots & Automation)
4 - D Contract Execution (Gate - to - Gate)
Maneuvers by Exception
A/c Equipage :
ADS - B
Datalink
TCAS
RNAV
Wx Radar
DSS
FMS
Assigned Trajectory
Nonconformance Alerts & Decision Options
Airspace & Traffic Situation Information
Weather Information
Infrastructure Status & Plans
A/G Communications
ADS - B Position
Weather Report
Trajectory Change Requests
Airport/Airspace Configuration
Nonconformance Alerts & Decision Options
A/G Communications
Surveillance & Track Data
Weather Information
Traffic Statistics
Nonconformance Decision
A/G Communications
Exception Resolution
Airport & Airspace Configuration
Trajectory Planning
Traffic Statistics
Weather Information
Infrastructure Status & Plans
Security Information
TFM Decision “ Override ”
Exception Resolution
ADS - B
Position
Status
Separation
Other
Aircraft
DoD
DHS
Mexico
Canada
International
Commercial Space
Internet
Weather
Network Centric Information
Data Base, Voice & Data Communications, and Technical System Man agement
PLANNING EXECUTION
PLANNING EXECUTION
Planning
Optimization Function
Airport Configurations
Airspace Configuration
4 - D Trajectory Planning & Deconfliction
Demand Scheduling
Capacity Allocation
Planning
Optimization Function
Airport Configurations
Airspace Configuration
4 - D Trajectory Planning & Deconfliction
Demand Scheduling
Capacity Allocation
Real - Time
Processing Function
Separation Assurance (Trajectory Revisions)
Nonconformance Alerts
Trajectory Change Requests Analysis
Real - Time
Processing Function
Separation Assurance (Trajectory Revisions)
Nonconformance Alerts
Trajectory Change Requests Analysis
SatComm
SatComm
Alignment with a functional architecture may be a better approach
24
Crown Consulting, Incorporated1
Next - Generation Air Transportation System
NATIONAL AIRSPACE OPTIMIZERNATIONAL AIRSPACE OPTIMIZER
PLANNING EXECUTION
SITUATION ANALYSIS INTERFACE
(User Selectable)
Flight Deck
Traffic Managers
Aircraft Managers
PLANNING INTERFACE
(User Selectable)
Traffic Managers
Pre - departure Users*
NATIONAL AIRSPACE OPTIMIZER
CAPACITY MODULE
(Rolling Module)
Airports
Airspace
Infrastructure (Satellites, etc.)
DEMAND/CAPACITY OPTIMIZER
4 - D Scheduling Algorithm:
Provides long time horizon conflict - free
trajectories that optimize flow based on
negotiated rules, subject to capacity
constraints
Baseline
Weather
Outages
Arrival/Departure Rates
Fleet Mix
DemandAvailable
Capacity
Exceptions
Resolution
Accept Contract
Exceptions
4 - D Options
& Contracts
4 - D Pilot Requests
A/C Position (ADS - B)
* Pre - departure Users
Passenger
Cargo
General Aviation
Business
Military
Accept Contract
Exceptions
4 - D Options
& Contracts
PLANNING EXECUTION
Non - Conformance and Exceptional
Situation Problem Solver
Provides new 4 - D trajectories to fix short
range conflicts due to non - conformance
and in response to pilot requests
25
Backup Material