![Page 1: 1 mental spaces - Case Western Reserve Universitycase.edu/artsci/cogs/LSA-6jul09-2.pdf · relationships in different mental spaces ... space-builders. a b Base Space B ... pinned](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022505/5aba79397f8b9a76038b89fd/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Mental spaces and
conceptual blending
http://mentalspace.net
http://blending.stanford.edu
![Page 2: 1 mental spaces - Case Western Reserve Universitycase.edu/artsci/cogs/LSA-6jul09-2.pdf · relationships in different mental spaces ... space-builders. a b Base Space B ... pinned](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022505/5aba79397f8b9a76038b89fd/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
![Page 3: 1 mental spaces - Case Western Reserve Universitycase.edu/artsci/cogs/LSA-6jul09-2.pdf · relationships in different mental spaces ... space-builders. a b Base Space B ... pinned](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022505/5aba79397f8b9a76038b89fd/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
![Page 4: 1 mental spaces - Case Western Reserve Universitycase.edu/artsci/cogs/LSA-6jul09-2.pdf · relationships in different mental spaces ... space-builders. a b Base Space B ... pinned](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022505/5aba79397f8b9a76038b89fd/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Hidden behind simple wordsand everyday language arevast conceptual networksmanipulated unconsciouslythrough the activation ofpowerful neural circuits.
![Page 5: 1 mental spaces - Case Western Reserve Universitycase.edu/artsci/cogs/LSA-6jul09-2.pdf · relationships in different mental spaces ... space-builders. a b Base Space B ... pinned](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022505/5aba79397f8b9a76038b89fd/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Importantly, thought and
language are embodied.
Conceptual structure arises from
our sensorimotor experience and
the neural structures that give rise
to it.
![Page 6: 1 mental spaces - Case Western Reserve Universitycase.edu/artsci/cogs/LSA-6jul09-2.pdf · relationships in different mental spaces ... space-builders. a b Base Space B ... pinned](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022505/5aba79397f8b9a76038b89fd/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Which is harder for us to do?
Program a computer to play chess at the
grand master level
or
Program a computer to have language as
good as a three year old
• Language is hard
• Language is more than the words
![Page 7: 1 mental spaces - Case Western Reserve Universitycase.edu/artsci/cogs/LSA-6jul09-2.pdf · relationships in different mental spaces ... space-builders. a b Base Space B ... pinned](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022505/5aba79397f8b9a76038b89fd/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
![Page 8: 1 mental spaces - Case Western Reserve Universitycase.edu/artsci/cogs/LSA-6jul09-2.pdf · relationships in different mental spaces ... space-builders. a b Base Space B ... pinned](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022505/5aba79397f8b9a76038b89fd/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
• language is only the tip of the iceberg of meaning
construction
• meaning construction operates in many areas of human
activity: art, mathematics, religion, technology, poetry, …
• conceptual mappings are the same for all these superficially
different areas of human thought and action
• therefore linguistics sheds light on general human thinking,
and conversely, the study of meaning construction in other
areas sheds light on linguistics
![Page 9: 1 mental spaces - Case Western Reserve Universitycase.edu/artsci/cogs/LSA-6jul09-2.pdf · relationships in different mental spaces ... space-builders. a b Base Space B ... pinned](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022505/5aba79397f8b9a76038b89fd/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Mental Spaces
![Page 10: 1 mental spaces - Case Western Reserve Universitycase.edu/artsci/cogs/LSA-6jul09-2.pdf · relationships in different mental spaces ... space-builders. a b Base Space B ... pinned](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022505/5aba79397f8b9a76038b89fd/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Mappings
• Correspondences between elements andrelationships in different mental spaces
– Clark Kent & Superman
– Sean Connery & James Bond
– Baby Georgie & President G.W. Bush
– Goddess of love & Aphrodite & Venus & Lise &Isabella
• Based on various sorts of relationships
– Identity
– Analogy
– Representation
– Cause-Effect
![Page 11: 1 mental spaces - Case Western Reserve Universitycase.edu/artsci/cogs/LSA-6jul09-2.pdf · relationships in different mental spaces ... space-builders. a b Base Space B ... pinned](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022505/5aba79397f8b9a76038b89fd/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
![Page 12: 1 mental spaces - Case Western Reserve Universitycase.edu/artsci/cogs/LSA-6jul09-2.pdf · relationships in different mental spaces ... space-builders. a b Base Space B ... pinned](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022505/5aba79397f8b9a76038b89fd/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
![Page 13: 1 mental spaces - Case Western Reserve Universitycase.edu/artsci/cogs/LSA-6jul09-2.pdf · relationships in different mental spaces ... space-builders. a b Base Space B ... pinned](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022505/5aba79397f8b9a76038b89fd/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
a a'
a Goddess of love a' name Aphrodite
Gods of Olympus
Natoire's painting
a"
Botticelli'spainting
a" name Venus
![Page 14: 1 mental spaces - Case Western Reserve Universitycase.edu/artsci/cogs/LSA-6jul09-2.pdf · relationships in different mental spaces ... space-builders. a b Base Space B ... pinned](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022505/5aba79397f8b9a76038b89fd/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
a a'
a Goddess of love a' name Aphrodite
Gods of Olympus
Natoire's painting
a"
Botticelli'spainting
a" name Venus
![Page 15: 1 mental spaces - Case Western Reserve Universitycase.edu/artsci/cogs/LSA-6jul09-2.pdf · relationships in different mental spaces ... space-builders. a b Base Space B ... pinned](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022505/5aba79397f8b9a76038b89fd/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
b a'
b name Lise model
a' name Aphrodite
Artist's studio
Natoire's painting
!
![Page 16: 1 mental spaces - Case Western Reserve Universitycase.edu/artsci/cogs/LSA-6jul09-2.pdf · relationships in different mental spaces ... space-builders. a b Base Space B ... pinned](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022505/5aba79397f8b9a76038b89fd/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
ca"
c name Simonetta model
a" name Venus
Artist's studio
Botticelli'spainting
!
![Page 17: 1 mental spaces - Case Western Reserve Universitycase.edu/artsci/cogs/LSA-6jul09-2.pdf · relationships in different mental spaces ... space-builders. a b Base Space B ... pinned](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022505/5aba79397f8b9a76038b89fd/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
a a'
a Goddess of love a' name Aphrodite
Gods of Olympus
Natoire's painting
a"
Botticelli'spainting
a" name Venus
b
Natoire's studio
c
Botticelli's studio
![Page 18: 1 mental spaces - Case Western Reserve Universitycase.edu/artsci/cogs/LSA-6jul09-2.pdf · relationships in different mental spaces ... space-builders. a b Base Space B ... pinned](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022505/5aba79397f8b9a76038b89fd/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
a a'
a Goddess of love a' name Aphrodite
Gods of Olympus
Natoire's painting
a"
Botticelli'spainting
a" name Venus
b
Natoire's studio
c
Botticelli's studio
"
"
![Page 19: 1 mental spaces - Case Western Reserve Universitycase.edu/artsci/cogs/LSA-6jul09-2.pdf · relationships in different mental spaces ... space-builders. a b Base Space B ... pinned](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022505/5aba79397f8b9a76038b89fd/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
a a'
a Goddess of love a' name Aphrodite
Gods of Olympus
Natoire's painting
a"
Botticelli'spainting
a" name Venus
b
Natoire's studio
c
Botticelli's studio
"
"
!
!
![Page 20: 1 mental spaces - Case Western Reserve Universitycase.edu/artsci/cogs/LSA-6jul09-2.pdf · relationships in different mental spaces ... space-builders. a b Base Space B ... pinned](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022505/5aba79397f8b9a76038b89fd/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
a a'
a Goddess of love a' name Aphrodite
Gods of Olympus
Natoire's painting
a"
Botticelli'spainting
a" name Venus
b
Natoire's studio
c
Botticelli's studio
"
"
!
!
!
!
![Page 21: 1 mental spaces - Case Western Reserve Universitycase.edu/artsci/cogs/LSA-6jul09-2.pdf · relationships in different mental spaces ... space-builders. a b Base Space B ... pinned](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022505/5aba79397f8b9a76038b89fd/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
a a'
a Goddess of love a' name Aphrodite
Gods of Olympus
Natoire's painting
a"
Botticelli'spainting
a" name Venus
b
Natoire's studio
c
Botticelli's studio
"
"
!
!
!
!
"
![Page 22: 1 mental spaces - Case Western Reserve Universitycase.edu/artsci/cogs/LSA-6jul09-2.pdf · relationships in different mental spaces ... space-builders. a b Base Space B ... pinned](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022505/5aba79397f8b9a76038b89fd/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
a a'
a Goddess of love a' name Aphrodite
Gods of Olympus
Natoire's painting
a"
Botticelli'spainting
a" name Venus
b
Natoire's studio
c
Botticelli's studio
I
I
R
R
R
R
I
c name Simonettac'
I c' name Simonetta
Vespucci
A
![Page 23: 1 mental spaces - Case Western Reserve Universitycase.edu/artsci/cogs/LSA-6jul09-2.pdf · relationships in different mental spaces ... space-builders. a b Base Space B ... pinned](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022505/5aba79397f8b9a76038b89fd/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
a
a Goddess of love
a born d
Gods of Olympus
a"
Botticelli'spainting
a" name Venus
c
Botticelli's studio
I
R
R
c name Simonetta
c'
I c' name Simonetta Vespuccid' Portovenere
c' born d'
AA
d
d'
I
15th c. Florence
![Page 24: 1 mental spaces - Case Western Reserve Universitycase.edu/artsci/cogs/LSA-6jul09-2.pdf · relationships in different mental spaces ... space-builders. a b Base Space B ... pinned](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022505/5aba79397f8b9a76038b89fd/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
![Page 25: 1 mental spaces - Case Western Reserve Universitycase.edu/artsci/cogs/LSA-6jul09-2.pdf · relationships in different mental spaces ... space-builders. a b Base Space B ... pinned](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022505/5aba79397f8b9a76038b89fd/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
jordan1
bullsjordan2
wizards
1993 2001
In 1993, Jordan played for the Bulls. Now he plays for the Wizards.
Identity Mapping
![Page 26: 1 mental spaces - Case Western Reserve Universitycase.edu/artsci/cogs/LSA-6jul09-2.pdf · relationships in different mental spaces ... space-builders. a b Base Space B ... pinned](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022505/5aba79397f8b9a76038b89fd/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
jordan
basketballkobe
basketball
20th Century 21st Century
Kobe Bryant is the Jordan of the 21st century.
Analogy Mapping
![Page 27: 1 mental spaces - Case Western Reserve Universitycase.edu/artsci/cogs/LSA-6jul09-2.pdf · relationships in different mental spaces ... space-builders. a b Base Space B ... pinned](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022505/5aba79397f8b9a76038b89fd/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Representation Actual
Representation Mapping
This is a pipe.
![Page 28: 1 mental spaces - Case Western Reserve Universitycase.edu/artsci/cogs/LSA-6jul09-2.pdf · relationships in different mental spaces ... space-builders. a b Base Space B ... pinned](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022505/5aba79397f8b9a76038b89fd/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
(1) In 2001, you climbed Mount Rainier.
(2) If you had climbed Mount Rainier.
(3) Max believes that you climbed Mount
Rainier.
(4) In the picture, you are climbing Mount
Rainier.
(5) When I was six years old, I weighed fifty
pounds.
![Page 29: 1 mental spaces - Case Western Reserve Universitycase.edu/artsci/cogs/LSA-6jul09-2.pdf · relationships in different mental spaces ... space-builders. a b Base Space B ... pinned](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022505/5aba79397f8b9a76038b89fd/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Access Principle
If two elements a and b are linked by aconnector F ( b = F(a) ), then element b can beidentified by naming, describing, or pointing to,its counterpart a.
![Page 30: 1 mental spaces - Case Western Reserve Universitycase.edu/artsci/cogs/LSA-6jul09-2.pdf · relationships in different mental spaces ... space-builders. a b Base Space B ... pinned](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022505/5aba79397f8b9a76038b89fd/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
58
![Page 31: 1 mental spaces - Case Western Reserve Universitycase.edu/artsci/cogs/LSA-6jul09-2.pdf · relationships in different mental spaces ... space-builders. a b Base Space B ... pinned](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022505/5aba79397f8b9a76038b89fd/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
a
a'
b
a name George Bush president
a' name George Bush
child
b name Eisenhower president
2008
1958
![Page 32: 1 mental spaces - Case Western Reserve Universitycase.edu/artsci/cogs/LSA-6jul09-2.pdf · relationships in different mental spaces ... space-builders. a b Base Space B ... pinned](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022505/5aba79397f8b9a76038b89fd/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Achilles sees a tortoise. He
chases it. He thinks that the
tortoise is slow and that he will
catch it. But it is fast. If the
tortoise had been slow, Achilles
would have caught it. Maybe the
tortoise is really a hare.
![Page 33: 1 mental spaces - Case Western Reserve Universitycase.edu/artsci/cogs/LSA-6jul09-2.pdf · relationships in different mental spaces ... space-builders. a b Base Space B ... pinned](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022505/5aba79397f8b9a76038b89fd/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Achilles sees a tortoise. He
chases it.
![Page 34: 1 mental spaces - Case Western Reserve Universitycase.edu/artsci/cogs/LSA-6jul09-2.pdf · relationships in different mental spaces ... space-builders. a b Base Space B ... pinned](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022505/5aba79397f8b9a76038b89fd/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
a
b
Base Space B
a name Achillesb tortoise
SEE a b
CHASE a b
![Page 35: 1 mental spaces - Case Western Reserve Universitycase.edu/artsci/cogs/LSA-6jul09-2.pdf · relationships in different mental spaces ... space-builders. a b Base Space B ... pinned](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022505/5aba79397f8b9a76038b89fd/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
He thinks that the tortoise is slow
and that he will catch it.
space-builders
![Page 36: 1 mental spaces - Case Western Reserve Universitycase.edu/artsci/cogs/LSA-6jul09-2.pdf · relationships in different mental spaces ... space-builders. a b Base Space B ... pinned](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022505/5aba79397f8b9a76038b89fd/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
![Page 37: 1 mental spaces - Case Western Reserve Universitycase.edu/artsci/cogs/LSA-6jul09-2.pdf · relationships in different mental spaces ... space-builders. a b Base Space B ... pinned](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022505/5aba79397f8b9a76038b89fd/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
a
b
Base Space B
a name Achillesb tortoiseSEE a b
CHASE a b
Belief Space M
Future Space W
a'
b'
b"
a"
SLOW b'
CATCH a" b"
![Page 38: 1 mental spaces - Case Western Reserve Universitycase.edu/artsci/cogs/LSA-6jul09-2.pdf · relationships in different mental spaces ... space-builders. a b Base Space B ... pinned](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022505/5aba79397f8b9a76038b89fd/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
But it is fast.
![Page 39: 1 mental spaces - Case Western Reserve Universitycase.edu/artsci/cogs/LSA-6jul09-2.pdf · relationships in different mental spaces ... space-builders. a b Base Space B ... pinned](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022505/5aba79397f8b9a76038b89fd/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
a
b
Base Space B
a name Achillesb tortoiseSEE a b
CHASE a b
FAST b
Belief Space M
Future Space W
a'
b'
b"
a"
SLOW b'
CATCH a" b"
![Page 40: 1 mental spaces - Case Western Reserve Universitycase.edu/artsci/cogs/LSA-6jul09-2.pdf · relationships in different mental spaces ... space-builders. a b Base Space B ... pinned](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022505/5aba79397f8b9a76038b89fd/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
If the tortoise had been slow,
Achilles would have caught it.
![Page 41: 1 mental spaces - Case Western Reserve Universitycase.edu/artsci/cogs/LSA-6jul09-2.pdf · relationships in different mental spaces ... space-builders. a b Base Space B ... pinned](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022505/5aba79397f8b9a76038b89fd/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
a
b
B
a name Achillesb tortoiseSEE a b
CHASE a b
FAST b
M
W
a'
b'
b"
a"
SLOW b'
CATCH a" b"
b
a1
1
SLOW b
CATCH a b1
1
1
CounterfactualMental Space H
![Page 42: 1 mental spaces - Case Western Reserve Universitycase.edu/artsci/cogs/LSA-6jul09-2.pdf · relationships in different mental spaces ... space-builders. a b Base Space B ... pinned](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022505/5aba79397f8b9a76038b89fd/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Suppose James Bond, the top British
spy, has just been introduced to Ursula
as Earl Grey, the wealthy tea importer,
and that she finds him handsome. It is
equally true that Ursula thinks the top
British spy is handsome and that Ursula
thinks the wealthy tea importer is
handsome, and both express the same
belief.
![Page 43: 1 mental spaces - Case Western Reserve Universitycase.edu/artsci/cogs/LSA-6jul09-2.pdf · relationships in different mental spaces ... space-builders. a b Base Space B ... pinned](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022505/5aba79397f8b9a76038b89fd/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
ab
c
c'
a'
b'
Base
Belief
a name Ursulab name Bond, top spyc name Lipton, wealthiest tea importer, ugly
a' name Ursulab' name Grey, wealthiest tea importerc' name Lipton, ugly
![Page 44: 1 mental spaces - Case Western Reserve Universitycase.edu/artsci/cogs/LSA-6jul09-2.pdf · relationships in different mental spaces ... space-builders. a b Base Space B ... pinned](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022505/5aba79397f8b9a76038b89fd/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
(i) Ursula thinks the wealthiest
tea importer is handsome.
(ii) Ursula thinks Lord Lipton is
handsome.
![Page 45: 1 mental spaces - Case Western Reserve Universitycase.edu/artsci/cogs/LSA-6jul09-2.pdf · relationships in different mental spaces ... space-builders. a b Base Space B ... pinned](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022505/5aba79397f8b9a76038b89fd/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
(11) Max is 23. He has lived
abroad. In 1990, he lived in
Rome. In 1991 he would move to
Venice. He would then have lived
a year in Rome.
![Page 46: 1 mental spaces - Case Western Reserve Universitycase.edu/artsci/cogs/LSA-6jul09-2.pdf · relationships in different mental spaces ... space-builders. a b Base Space B ... pinned](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022505/5aba79397f8b9a76038b89fd/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
(11) Max is 23. He has lived
abroad. In 1990, he lived in
Rome. In 1991 he would move to
Venice. He would then have lived
a year in Rome.
![Page 47: 1 mental spaces - Case Western Reserve Universitycase.edu/artsci/cogs/LSA-6jul09-2.pdf · relationships in different mental spaces ... space-builders. a b Base Space B ... pinned](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022505/5aba79397f8b9a76038b89fd/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Base, Vpt,
Focus, Event
!Max 23
![Page 48: 1 mental spaces - Case Western Reserve Universitycase.edu/artsci/cogs/LSA-6jul09-2.pdf · relationships in different mental spaces ... space-builders. a b Base Space B ... pinned](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022505/5aba79397f8b9a76038b89fd/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Base, Vpt,
Focus
Event
live
abroad
!
![Page 49: 1 mental spaces - Case Western Reserve Universitycase.edu/artsci/cogs/LSA-6jul09-2.pdf · relationships in different mental spaces ... space-builders. a b Base Space B ... pinned](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022505/5aba79397f8b9a76038b89fd/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Base, Vpt
Focus, Event
1990, live in Rome
!
![Page 50: 1 mental spaces - Case Western Reserve Universitycase.edu/artsci/cogs/LSA-6jul09-2.pdf · relationships in different mental spaces ... space-builders. a b Base Space B ... pinned](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022505/5aba79397f8b9a76038b89fd/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Base
Vpt
1990, live in Rome
1991, move Venice
Focus, Event
Vpt
1990, live in Rome
1991, move Venice
Focus
Event
live a year
in Rome
Base
!
![Page 51: 1 mental spaces - Case Western Reserve Universitycase.edu/artsci/cogs/LSA-6jul09-2.pdf · relationships in different mental spaces ... space-builders. a b Base Space B ... pinned](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022505/5aba79397f8b9a76038b89fd/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Base
Vpt
1990, live in Rome
1991, move Venice
Focus, Event
Vpt
1990, live in Rome
1991, move Venice
Focus
Event
live a year
in Rome
Base
!
![Page 52: 1 mental spaces - Case Western Reserve Universitycase.edu/artsci/cogs/LSA-6jul09-2.pdf · relationships in different mental spaces ... space-builders. a b Base Space B ... pinned](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022505/5aba79397f8b9a76038b89fd/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Base space M---PAST---> Viewpoint Space N --- FUTURE----> Focus Space K
simple past + [ will + Verb move ]
! (past + will) + move
! would move
![Page 53: 1 mental spaces - Case Western Reserve Universitycase.edu/artsci/cogs/LSA-6jul09-2.pdf · relationships in different mental spaces ... space-builders. a b Base Space B ... pinned](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022505/5aba79397f8b9a76038b89fd/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
![Page 54: 1 mental spaces - Case Western Reserve Universitycase.edu/artsci/cogs/LSA-6jul09-2.pdf · relationships in different mental spaces ... space-builders. a b Base Space B ... pinned](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022505/5aba79397f8b9a76038b89fd/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
![Page 55: 1 mental spaces - Case Western Reserve Universitycase.edu/artsci/cogs/LSA-6jul09-2.pdf · relationships in different mental spaces ... space-builders. a b Base Space B ... pinned](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022505/5aba79397f8b9a76038b89fd/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Dad (watching wrestling on TV):
When I was in my prime, I could've
pinned Hulk Hogan in a matter of seconds!
Son (to mother):
Is that true, Mom?
Mom:
Probably.
Mom (next and last frame in the strip):
Of course, when your Dad was in his prime,
Hulk Hogan was in kindergarten.
![Page 56: 1 mental spaces - Case Western Reserve Universitycase.edu/artsci/cogs/LSA-6jul09-2.pdf · relationships in different mental spaces ... space-builders. a b Base Space B ... pinned](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022505/5aba79397f8b9a76038b89fd/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
![Page 57: 1 mental spaces - Case Western Reserve Universitycase.edu/artsci/cogs/LSA-6jul09-2.pdf · relationships in different mental spaces ... space-builders. a b Base Space B ... pinned](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022505/5aba79397f8b9a76038b89fd/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
b
c
a
d
B
a: name Dad
b: name Mom
c: name Norman
d: name Hulk
CHAMPd
![Page 58: 1 mental spaces - Case Western Reserve Universitycase.edu/artsci/cogs/LSA-6jul09-2.pdf · relationships in different mental spaces ... space-builders. a b Base Space B ... pinned](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022505/5aba79397f8b9a76038b89fd/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
b
c
a
d
B
a: name Dad
b: name Mom
c: name Norman
d: name Hulk
CHAMP d
a1
I
PRIME a1
T
![Page 59: 1 mental spaces - Case Western Reserve Universitycase.edu/artsci/cogs/LSA-6jul09-2.pdf · relationships in different mental spaces ... space-builders. a b Base Space B ... pinned](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022505/5aba79397f8b9a76038b89fd/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
b
c
a
d
B
a: name Dad
b: name Mom
c: name Norman
d: name Hulk
CHAMP d
a1
I
PRIME a1
T
a2
P
I
![Page 60: 1 mental spaces - Case Western Reserve Universitycase.edu/artsci/cogs/LSA-6jul09-2.pdf · relationships in different mental spaces ... space-builders. a b Base Space B ... pinned](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022505/5aba79397f8b9a76038b89fd/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
b
c
a
d
B
a: name Dad
b: name Mom
c: name Norman
d: name Hulk
CHAMP d
a1
I
PRIME a1
T
a2
P
I
a3
d3 PIN a d
3 3
![Page 61: 1 mental spaces - Case Western Reserve Universitycase.edu/artsci/cogs/LSA-6jul09-2.pdf · relationships in different mental spaces ... space-builders. a b Base Space B ... pinned](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022505/5aba79397f8b9a76038b89fd/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
b
c
a
d
B
a: name Dad
b: name Mom
c: name Norman
d: name Hulk
CHAMP d
a1
I
PRIME a1
T
a2
P
a3
d3
PIN a d
CHAMP d CHAMP a
3 3
33
![Page 62: 1 mental spaces - Case Western Reserve Universitycase.edu/artsci/cogs/LSA-6jul09-2.pdf · relationships in different mental spaces ... space-builders. a b Base Space B ... pinned](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022505/5aba79397f8b9a76038b89fd/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
b
c
a
d
B
a: name Dad
b: name Mom
c: name Norman
d: name Hulk
CHAMP d
a1
I
PRIME a CHAMP a1
T
a2
P
I
a3
d3
PIN a d
CHAMP d CHAMP a
3 3
33
CHAMP a2
1
![Page 63: 1 mental spaces - Case Western Reserve Universitycase.edu/artsci/cogs/LSA-6jul09-2.pdf · relationships in different mental spaces ... space-builders. a b Base Space B ... pinned](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022505/5aba79397f8b9a76038b89fd/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
b
c
a
d
B
a: name Dadb: name Momc: name Normand: name HulkCHAMP d
a1
I
PRIME a 1
T
a2
P
I
a3
d3
PIN a d
3 3
d1
CHILD d1
CHILD d
op
timiz
atio
n
d2
3
C
![Page 64: 1 mental spaces - Case Western Reserve Universitycase.edu/artsci/cogs/LSA-6jul09-2.pdf · relationships in different mental spaces ... space-builders. a b Base Space B ... pinned](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022505/5aba79397f8b9a76038b89fd/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
Calvin: I got another letter from my past self.
Hobbes: What's it say?
Calvin (reading): "Dear Future Calvin, I wrote this
several days before you will receive it. You've done
things I haven't done. You've seen things I haven't
seen. You know things I don't know. You Lucky
Dog! Your pal, Calvin."
Calvin: I feel so sorry for myself two days ago.
Hobbes: Poor him. He wasn't you.
![Page 65: 1 mental spaces - Case Western Reserve Universitycase.edu/artsci/cogs/LSA-6jul09-2.pdf · relationships in different mental spaces ... space-builders. a b Base Space B ... pinned](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022505/5aba79397f8b9a76038b89fd/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
In Pablo's picture, the girl with blue eyes has green
eyes.
In Pablo's picture, the girl with green eyes is fat.
Pablo thinks that the girl with blue eyes has green
eyes.
[transparent reading]
Pablo thinks that the girl with green eyes is fat.
[opaque reading]
Pablo thinks that the slim girl with blue eyes is fat
and has green eyes.
![Page 66: 1 mental spaces - Case Western Reserve Universitycase.edu/artsci/cogs/LSA-6jul09-2.pdf · relationships in different mental spaces ... space-builders. a b Base Space B ... pinned](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022505/5aba79397f8b9a76038b89fd/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
Connectors:
That newspaper you're reading was just sold to
Hearst for $50Billion. It will reorganize itself, and
will soon be located on Wall Street.
Norman Mailer loves to read himself.
Plato is on the top shelf, next to Homer.
I'm the quiche, she's the ham sandwich.
The mushroom omelet left without paying his bill.
![Page 67: 1 mental spaces - Case Western Reserve Universitycase.edu/artsci/cogs/LSA-6jul09-2.pdf · relationships in different mental spaces ... space-builders. a b Base Space B ... pinned](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022505/5aba79397f8b9a76038b89fd/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
![Page 68: 1 mental spaces - Case Western Reserve Universitycase.edu/artsci/cogs/LSA-6jul09-2.pdf · relationships in different mental spaces ... space-builders. a b Base Space B ... pinned](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022505/5aba79397f8b9a76038b89fd/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
90
![Page 69: 1 mental spaces - Case Western Reserve Universitycase.edu/artsci/cogs/LSA-6jul09-2.pdf · relationships in different mental spaces ... space-builders. a b Base Space B ... pinned](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022505/5aba79397f8b9a76038b89fd/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
![Page 70: 1 mental spaces - Case Western Reserve Universitycase.edu/artsci/cogs/LSA-6jul09-2.pdf · relationships in different mental spaces ... space-builders. a b Base Space B ... pinned](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022505/5aba79397f8b9a76038b89fd/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
![Page 71: 1 mental spaces - Case Western Reserve Universitycase.edu/artsci/cogs/LSA-6jul09-2.pdf · relationships in different mental spaces ... space-builders. a b Base Space B ... pinned](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022505/5aba79397f8b9a76038b89fd/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
![Page 72: 1 mental spaces - Case Western Reserve Universitycase.edu/artsci/cogs/LSA-6jul09-2.pdf · relationships in different mental spaces ... space-builders. a b Base Space B ... pinned](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022505/5aba79397f8b9a76038b89fd/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
![Page 73: 1 mental spaces - Case Western Reserve Universitycase.edu/artsci/cogs/LSA-6jul09-2.pdf · relationships in different mental spaces ... space-builders. a b Base Space B ... pinned](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022505/5aba79397f8b9a76038b89fd/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)