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Modeling and Simulating Business Processes
Chapter 8
Business Process Modeling, Simulation and Design
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Simulating Business Processes
We recommend presenting this chapter by running Extend 6.0 directly, and interactively show how the program works.
However, for your convenience, we have attached a selection of the figures/screenshots from Chapter 8 of the book as the basis for an in class presentation without access to a computer with Extend installed.
NOTE:
![Page 3: 1 Modeling and Simulating Business Processes Chapter 8 Business Process Modeling, Simulation and Design](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020106/56649f155503460f94c2b1cd/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
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Import block dialog showing and exponential inter-arrival times with mean of 6 minutes
Generating Items
![Page 4: 1 Modeling and Simulating Business Processes Chapter 8 Business Process Modeling, Simulation and Design](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020106/56649f155503460f94c2b1cd/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
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Input Data block used to change the first parameter of the inter-arrival time distribution in the Import block
2 V1 A P
t y
Generating Items
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Input Data block dialog for dry cleaner example
Generating Items
![Page 6: 1 Modeling and Simulating Business Processes Chapter 8 Business Process Modeling, Simulation and Design](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020106/56649f155503460f94c2b1cd/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
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Program block (and dialog window) connected to a Stack block
Generating Items
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Selection of a priority queue in the Queue tab of a Stack block
Prioritizing Items
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Model of a single server with a queue, where customers balk if the line reaches a specified number of customers
Balking
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Dialog window of the Decision(2) block
Balking
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Model of a single server with a queue, where customers hang up after being on hold for specified amount of time
1 2 3
Rand
2 V1 A P
L w p
pR
0
C
# u
D
1
#
7
#
23
Incoming
calls Calls on holdAnswered
calls
Lost calls
Helping
customers
Generating
call time
Reneging
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Stack block to simulate a reneging queue with reneging time of 5 minutes
Reneging
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Admissions process with a priority queue that allows patients to go in front of the line after filling out additional forms
Priority Queues
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Dialog window of the Stack block
Priority Queues
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Example of probabilistic routing of an incoming job
Path 1
Path 2
Path 3
0.20
0.30
0.50
Incoming job
Routing - Multiple Paths
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Illustration of probabilistic routing with Extend
?
Decision(5)
2 V1 A P
Import
1 2 3
Rand
Random Number
#
21
Path 1
#
29
Path 2
#
50
Path 3
Generate jobs
Probabilistic
decision
0.20
0.30
0.50
Multiple Paths
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Illustration of tactical routing with customers choosing the shortest line
2 V1 A P
?
L w p
pR
A1-3
A1-3
S
DS
u
1 2 3
Rand
#
245
MaxCon
MinCon
L w p
pR
A1-3
A1-3
S
DS
u
1 2 3
Rand
#
211
L w p
pR
A1-3
A1-3
S
DS
u
1 2 3
Rand
#
169
L1
L2
L3
L1L2L3
Multiple Paths
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Prepare invoice
Assemble order
Receive order Ship order
Parallel activities in an order fulfillment process
Routing – Parallel Paths
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Operation, Reverse block and dialog window
Parallel Paths
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Operation block that batches two items
Parallel Paths
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RQ1-Q32 V1 A P
A1-3
A1-3
S
DS
u
Receiving Order
A1-3
A1-3
S
DS
u
Prepare Invoice
A1-3
A1-3
S
DS
u
Assemble Order
A1-3
A1-3
S
DS
u
Ship Order
#
Extend model of the order fulfillment process
Parallel Paths
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Slider control
A1-3
A1-3
S
DS
u20
10
17
Processing Time
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Input Data block to model variable processing time
Processing Time
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Processing time based on the value of the “ProcTime” attribute
Processing Time
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Batch block and dialog window
Batching
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Preserving uniqueness when batching a purchase order and an agent
Batching
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Unbatching items with an Unbatch block
Batching
![Page 27: 1 Modeling and Simulating Business Processes Chapter 8 Business Process Modeling, Simulation and Design](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020106/56649f155503460f94c2b1cd/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
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Model that batches patients and nurses
Batching – Resources
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Cost tab of the Import block
Activity-based Costing
![Page 29: 1 Modeling and Simulating Business Processes Chapter 8 Business Process Modeling, Simulation and Design](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020106/56649f155503460f94c2b1cd/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
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Model to accumulate cost per unpacked crate
Activity-based Costing
![Page 30: 1 Modeling and Simulating Business Processes Chapter 8 Business Process Modeling, Simulation and Design](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020106/56649f155503460f94c2b1cd/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
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Dialog of the Cost by Item block
Activity-based Costing
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Two operations in series with a Timer block to measure cycle time
Cycle Time Analysis
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Histogram of cycle times and average cycle time vs. simulation time
0 150 300 450 6000
1.5
3
4.5
6
Simulation Time
MinutesAvg. Cycle Time vs. Simulation Time
Avg. Cycle Time Red Green Black
0 4.3 8.6 12.9 17.20
43.75
87.5
131.25
175
Cycle times
CountHistogram
DelayTime Data DataData
Cycle Time Analysis
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5
1
3.6 1 2 3
Rand
Slider control to set the mean value of an Exponential distribution
Model Enhancements
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Meter connected to the utilization output of Labor Pool block
Model Enhancements
![Page 35: 1 Modeling and Simulating Business Processes Chapter 8 Business Process Modeling, Simulation and Design](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020106/56649f155503460f94c2b1cd/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
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Clone layer tool
Model Enhancements
![Page 36: 1 Modeling and Simulating Business Processes Chapter 8 Business Process Modeling, Simulation and Design](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020106/56649f155503460f94c2b1cd/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
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Documented software support process
Software
Engineer
Incoming
calls
Real-time
response
Software
Engineer
Incominge-mails Problems
resolved
Case: Software Support
![Page 37: 1 Modeling and Simulating Business Processes Chapter 8 Business Process Modeling, Simulation and Design](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020106/56649f155503460f94c2b1cd/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
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Simulation model of actual process
Case: Software Support
![Page 38: 1 Modeling and Simulating Business Processes Chapter 8 Business Process Modeling, Simulation and Design](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020106/56649f155503460f94c2b1cd/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
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Simulation model of documented process
Case: Software Support
![Page 39: 1 Modeling and Simulating Business Processes Chapter 8 Business Process Modeling, Simulation and Design](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020106/56649f155503460f94c2b1cd/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
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Admissions
RegistrationDesk
Lab
WaitingRoomTypes 2 and 3
TimeU(2,5)
Type 1 TimeU(3,8)
Floors
Schematic representation of the hospital admissions process
Case: Hospital Admissions
![Page 40: 1 Modeling and Simulating Business Processes Chapter 8 Business Process Modeling, Simulation and Design](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020106/56649f155503460f94c2b1cd/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
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Extend model of the current admissions process
Arrivals
Reg and Lab
Patients type 2 and 3
go to registration and
lab tests
Patients arrive
every 15 minutes
Type 3 patients
Admitting officers
help patients
Type 2 patients
Rooms
Orderlies accompany
patients to their rooms
MD
sensorTimer
#
33
Change priority from
type 2 to 1.5
Types 1 and 2
Total number of
patients served
Arriving patients and
type 2 patients
returning from the lab
are merged
Type 2 patiens
walk back to
admissions
Update
Activity
Stats
P
Set P
Admissions
C
# u
D
Walk back
Case: Hospital Admissions
![Page 41: 1 Modeling and Simulating Business Processes Chapter 8 Business Process Modeling, Simulation and Design](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020106/56649f155503460f94c2b1cd/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
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2 V1 A P
T
Sys
Var
Current time
1 2 3
Rand
Before 10 AM
1 2 3
Rand
After 10 AM
Get P
P
Con1OutCon1OutY
N?
A
Set A
#
2
Patients arriving after
4 PM are sent to the
outpatient desk
Sys
Var
Current time
Arrivals block from the admissions model
Case: Hospital Admissions
![Page 42: 1 Modeling and Simulating Business Processes Chapter 8 Business Process Modeling, Simulation and Design](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020106/56649f155503460f94c2b1cd/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
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Admissions block from the admissions model
C
# u
D
Type 1
L w p
pR
QueueGet P
P
u #
Con1InCon1In
Con2OutCon2Out
Con3OutCon3Out
demand
a
b
c
1 2 3
Rand
C
# u
D
Type 2
Patients wait for an
admissions officer
If patient is type 2 or
3, go to the lab,
otherwise go to the
rooms
1 2 3
Rand
C
# u
D
Type 3
1 2 3
Rand
Get P
P
Pool of admitting
officers
demand
a b cabc
Case: Hospital Admissions
![Page 43: 1 Modeling and Simulating Business Processes Chapter 8 Business Process Modeling, Simulation and Design](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020106/56649f155503460f94c2b1cd/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
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Registration and Lab block from the admissions model
C
# u
D
Registration
L w p
pRC
# u
D
Lab tests
L w p
pR
Waiting room
Y
N?
Get P
P
Con1InCon1In
Con2OutCon2Out
Con3OutCon3Out
1 2 3
Rand
1 2 3
Rand
Patients form a line at
the registration desk Patients wait for a lab
technicianType 3 patients
leave the process
Type 2 patients
return to the
admissions desk
Case: Hospital Admissions
![Page 44: 1 Modeling and Simulating Business Processes Chapter 8 Business Process Modeling, Simulation and Design](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020106/56649f155503460f94c2b1cd/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
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Rooms block from the admissions model
C
# u
D
Walk to roomdemand
a b cabc
Pool of
orderlies C
# u
D
Wait for papers
C
# u
D
Walk back
demand
a
b
c
Con1OutCon1Out
Con3InCon3In
select
b?
a
0.8
0.2
u #
Orderlies and
patients walk to
the rooms
Orderiles and
patients are
unbatched
1 2 3
Rand
Orderlies and
patients are
batched
Orderlies walk back
to admissions
Case: Hospital Admissions
![Page 45: 1 Modeling and Simulating Business Processes Chapter 8 Business Process Modeling, Simulation and Design](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020106/56649f155503460f94c2b1cd/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
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Histogram of cycle times for type 1 patients
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
20 30 40 50 60 70 80 More
Cycle time
Fre
quen
cy
.00%
20.00%
40.00%
60.00%
80.00%
100.00%
Case: Hospital Admissions
![Page 46: 1 Modeling and Simulating Business Processes Chapter 8 Business Process Modeling, Simulation and Design](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020106/56649f155503460f94c2b1cd/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
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Extend model of the redesigned admissions process
AdmissionsArrivals
Lab tests
Patients type 2 and 3
go to lab tests
Patients arrive
every 15 minutes
Type 3 patients
leave
Admitting officers
help patients
Type 2 patients
Rooms
Orderlies accompany
patients to their rooms
MD
sensorTimer
#
36
Types 1 and 2
Total number of
patients served
Type 1 and 2 patients
are merged
Type 2 patiens
walk to wait for
an orderlyC
# u
D
Walk back
Case: Hospital Admissions
![Page 47: 1 Modeling and Simulating Business Processes Chapter 8 Business Process Modeling, Simulation and Design](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020106/56649f155503460f94c2b1cd/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
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A
B C
D E
F G
Type I
TypesII & III
Measuring cycle times of different types of jobs
Exercise 1
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A1 B1
A2 B2
A3 B3
Type 1
C1
C2
C3
Type 2
Type 3
Investigating the effect of pooling resources
Exercise 2
![Page 49: 1 Modeling and Simulating Business Processes Chapter 8 Business Process Modeling, Simulation and Design](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020106/56649f155503460f94c2b1cd/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
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Review &D istribu tion
U nderwriting RatingPolicy
Writing
Assessing process performance
Exercise 4
![Page 50: 1 Modeling and Simulating Business Processes Chapter 8 Business Process Modeling, Simulation and Design](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020106/56649f155503460f94c2b1cd/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
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A
B
C E
D
F
0.8
0.2
Priority queues
Exercise 7
![Page 51: 1 Modeling and Simulating Business Processes Chapter 8 Business Process Modeling, Simulation and Design](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020106/56649f155503460f94c2b1cd/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
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A
B C
D E F G H
I J
0.2
0.2
0.8
0.5
0.5
Flowchart for Exercise 8
Exercise 8
![Page 52: 1 Modeling and Simulating Business Processes Chapter 8 Business Process Modeling, Simulation and Design](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020106/56649f155503460f94c2b1cd/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
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Flowchart for the X-ray process
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
10
11
128 9
25%
Project: X-ray Process
![Page 53: 1 Modeling and Simulating Business Processes Chapter 8 Business Process Modeling, Simulation and Design](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020106/56649f155503460f94c2b1cd/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
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2
1
3
4 5
Storage of inboundmaterial
Parallel operations(Workstations 1-3)
Assembly(Workstation 4)
Painting(Workstation 5) Inspection
Rework
Flowchart of the production processfor the Assembly Factory
Project: An Assembly Factory