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Networks:
A group of two or more computer systems linked together. There are many types of computer networks, including:
•local-area networks (LANs) : The computers are geographically close together (that is in the same building). (# relevant for Ecolog-Net)
•wide-area networks (WANs) : The computers are farther apart and are connected by telephone lines or radio waves.
•campus-area networks (CANs): The computers are within a limited geographic area, such as a campus or military base.
•metropolitan-area networks (MANs): A data network designed for a town or city.
•home-area networks (HANs): A network contained within a user's home that connects a person's digital devices.
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Network topology
Topology/structure Advantages Disadvantages
Bus structure -easy to install
-simply expandable
-short cable lengths
-net expansion limits
-by cable interrupt the net precipitates
-complicated access methods
Ring structure -large net expansion -complex error tracing
-high wiring expenditure
-when disturbances net failure
Star structure -simple cross-linking
-simple extension
-high reliability
-high wiring expenditure
-net failure in case of failure or overloading of the hubs
(# relevant for Ecolog-Net)
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LAN – local area network
Simple network:
A simple network consists of at least two computers, which are connected by a direct connection (crossover cable) or with a Hub or Switch.
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LAN – local area network
Hub:
A common connection point for devices in a network. Hubs are commonly used to connect segments of a LAN. A hub contains multiple ports. When a packet arrives at one port, it is copied to the other ports so that all segments of the LAN can see all packets.
Switch:
In networks, a device that filters and forwards packets between LAN segments.
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LAN – local area network
Network with Internet entrance and print server
Router: A device that forwards data packets along networks.A router is connected to at least two networks, commonly two LANs or WANs or a LAN and its ISP’s network (Internet Service Provider).Routers are located at gateways, the places where two or more networks connect.
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LAN – local area network
Radio network - Wireless LAN - WLAN
Instead of cable-based connections;
A simple Wireless LAN is a local network with an ACCESS POINT for WLAN adapter (network interface cards with antenna), which is attached to the computer or inserted.
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LAN – local area network
Access point:AP Short for Access Point, a hardware device or a computer's software that acts as a communication hub for users of a wireless device to connect to a wired LAN. APs are important for providing heightened wireless security and for extending the physical range of service a wireless user has access to.
Network interface card:Often abbreviated as NIC, an expansion board you insert into a computer so the computer can be connected to a network. Most NICs are designed for a particular type of network, protocol, and media, although some can serve multiple networks.