Download - 1 Next Step in Networking: Issues and Future Dae Young KIM CNU dykim@{anf.ne.kr; cnu.ac.kr}
1
Next Step in Networking:Issues and Future
Dae Young KIMCNU
dykim@{anf.ne.kr; cnu.ac.kr}
2
Contents Part I: Network Technology Evolution
Where We Are Lessons What’s Next
Part II: Deployments and Applications Global Advanced Networks Cyber Infrastructure e-Science Asia-APAN A National Optical Networking Capability of
Internet2 NRL & HOPI
3
Part I:Network Technology
Evolution
4
Millennium Retrospect Data - Voice Comm.: Convergence? Switching: Circuit to Packet, and ...? Links: HDLC, ATM, LANs, Ethernet, ... Routing: Telecom to Data(Internet) End-to-end protocols: TCP Applications: Web service Wired vs Wireless: Copper vs Fiber Internetworking: IP
5
Where We Are (I)
By Steve Deering
email WWW phone...
SMTP HTTP RTP...
TCP UDP…
IP
ethernet PPP…
CSMA async sonet...
copper fiber radio...
email WWW phone...
SMTP HTTP RTP...
TCP UDP…
IP
ethernet PPP…
CSMA async sonet...
copper fiber radio...
email WWW phone...
SMTP HTTP RTP...
TCP UDP…
IP6
copper fiber radio...
email WWW phone...
SMTP HTTP RTP...
TCP UDP…
IP6
copper fiber radio...
IP as Ultimate Internetworking Glue IP over Everything Everything over IP Hourglass vs Wine
glass
6
Where We Are (II) Ethernet as Winning Link Technology
Ethernet Everywhere WLAN = Wireless Ethernet?
IP + Ethernet for Data Not perfect for QoS Streams(Voice, Audio, V
ideo) Just right for non-QoS(quasi-QoS or CoS) QoS possible for a few sessions
7
Lesson: Keep it Simple and Stupid
Simple is the best Internet vs OSI Ethernet vs ATM
End-to-End Argument Keep network simple/stupid and Put Intelligence at edges/ends Don’t build in the core anything that can be
built at edges/ends
8
Lesson: Flexible vs Conservative
Protocol Be flexible in what you receive Be conservative in what you send Example: TCP
Network Be flexible in what you adopt Be conservative in what you abandon Examples: Magnetic, Modem, Copper, ... Future examples: Ethernet, IP, ATM, ...
9
Lessons: More
Convergence Data + Voice Wired + Wireless Dream Not Come True?
Extremely difficult to put new functions/features in the Infra
Layer independence Need new assessment
10
What’s Next? Internetworking issue over: IP Applications, Services!
Middleware, Web Services, GRID, … Wireless: Just last hop
Mobility, Security, QoS Physical, Medium; Still evolving Long way yet to the Netopia? We’re in the low tide.
11
Issues Yet Pending
QoS Multicast; Group Communications Mobility Security Which layer?
Not IP? Link? Application? Wireless
12
QoS Myth QoS is needed in one to one connections for real time
voice and video e.g Doctor video conferencing with a patient
BUT, most Internet applications are NOT one to one real time connections, they are many to one and many to many type of connections e.g.
Doctors retrieving X-ray image from a database Multicast distribution of a movie etc Many users going to the same web site
End to end QoS is real hard if you have more than a one to one, real time connection
13
QoS(I) Different Ideas about QoS
Security, Static BW, Rigorous Definition of QoS
Reliability Throughput
Dynamic thru Quasi-dynamic Delay, (Delay) Jitter
14
QoS(II)
Back to the Basics/Principles(KISS) Circuit for QoS Packet for Data Don't mix up
Circuit over Packet? ATM, PWE, etc., …
Packet over Circuit!
15
SAND
MM
QoS
PKT
Circuit over Packet
QoS(III)
16
Hybrid Transfer Mode:HTM
A
D
C
B
Usert0
Buff er
To Remote
A B B D B B C B
Cycle1 Cycle2
Header
CL slot
CO slot
A B B B B B C B
Cycle3 Cycle4
I dle slot
t1 t2 t3
Seamless Packet over Circuit
17
And More Multicast
Not at the IP layer? At the Application Layer?
Overlay Multicast, CDN At the Link or Physical Layer?
Mobility Fast enough? Where?
Security Mature? Convenient?
18
Xcast IP packet (option) header 에 수신자의 unic
ast IP 주소들을 explicitly 포함
19
Overlay Multicast
Comparison with IP (network-layer) multicast
20
CDN(Content Delivery Network)
UnicastUnicast
21
Part II:Deployments and
Applications
22
Global Advanced Networks
23
Advanced Networks
High Performance R&E or R&D NetworkMbps -> Gbps -> Tbpsfor research, education, development Advanced Technologies on the NetworkAdvanced Applications on the Network
Network, Application 기술 개발이 미래 정보사회 구축 , 산업발전의 기초 선진국이 되기위한 필수요소
24
Basic CA*net 4 Topology
Halifax
Edmonton
Seattle
VancouverWinnipeg
Quebec City
MontrealOttawa
Chicago
Halifax
New York
Regina
Fredericton
CharlottetownVictoria
Windsor
London
Sudbury
Thunder Bay
Saskatoon
Kamloops
Buffalo
Spokane
Minneapolis
Albany
St. John's
Calgary
Toronto
Prince George
Hamilton
Kingston
CA*net 4 Node (Mini-IX)
Possible Future Breakout
Possible Future link or Option
CA*net 4 OC192
26
GEANT
27
Cyber Infrastructure
28
The Need for a Global Research and Education Network
A global R&E network is required to support true global cyberinfrastructure which will underpin global e-science
However international connections very slow compared with R&E network backbone speeds
Global connection effort not well-coordinated – dominated by bilateral thinking
29
연구 교육을 위한 특수지식환경(Grid community, e-Science community, virtual community)
교육훈련 및 프로젝트 어플리케이션
HighPerformance
Computationalservices
Base Technology: computation, storage, communication
Networking, Operating System, Middleware
Data, Information,Knowledge
Managementservices
Observation,Measurement,
Fabricationservices
Interfaces,Visualization
services
Collaborationservices
= Cyberinfrastructure : hardware, software, service, personnel, organization
Cyberinfrastructure (NSF)
30
e-Science
31
EU-GEANT, UK-eScience EU 는 유럽의 초고속연구망 (GEANT) 및 많은 Grid Project 를 지원 GEANT: 유럽의 어플리케이션 영역뿐만 아니라 ( 네트워크 포함 ) 연구 자체를 지원하는 Infrastructure
30 개국 이상 참여 , 28 개 국가 및 지역 연구교육망 포함3,000 개 이상의 연구 및 교육기관 참여9 개의 10Gbps, 11 개의 2.5Gbps
UK-eScience국제협력을 통한 차세대 연구에 대한 Infrastructure 를 제공genomics, bioscience, particle physics, astronomy, earth science & clim
atology, engineering systems, social sciences차세대 open platform standard 를 위해 노력 optimal international infrastructure 제공
32
What is eScience? The ultimate goal of e-science
to allow students and eventually members of the general public to be full participants in scientific discovery and innovation.
Using advanced high speed networks combining new concepts in distributed computing, peer to peer file sharing, Grid technology and “Third Wave of the Internet”
33
Third Wave of the Internet
The first wave text and data services such as e-mail and FTP
The second wave the web which improved ease of use and
facilitated the transfer of images, sound and videoThe third wave
integration of gridsp2p networkingopen sourcedistributed computing enabled by next generation
web services, semantic web and high speed networks
34
Today’s Network
Application
OS
Data
Application
OS
Data
Network
UserUser
The application is tightly bound to the OS
The network is a mechanism for applications to communicate with each other
The network is subservient to the computer
35
Third Wave Network
Network
Application and Data
OS
Data
OS
Data
OS
Data
OS
Data
Third Wave
OS OS
Application and data exist on the network and are uncoupled from any specific machine or location
The computer is subservient to the network
Third Wave
Third Wave Third Wave Third Wave Third Wave
36
Grids - Third Wave -Web
Computational Complexity
DataComplexity
Source: Toney Hey UK eScience Grid
37
What are Grids? Grids enable the new science Original motivation, and support, from high-end science and engineering Enable communities (“virtual organizations”) to share resources as they pursue common goals New applications enabled by the coordinated use of geographically distributed resources
E.g., distributed collaboration, data access and analysis, distributed computing, instrumentation
Persistent infrastructure for large scale computing problems
Using distributed computing resources of schools, universities and research centers
38
Site A(Kerberos)
Site B (Unix)
Site C(Kerberos)
Computer
User
Single sign-on via “grid-id”& generation of proxy cred.
Or: retrieval of proxy cred.from online repository
User ProxyProxy
credential
Computer
Storagesystem
Communication*
GSI-enabledFTP server
AuthorizeMap to local idAccess file
Remote fileaccess request*
GSI-enabledGRAM server
GSI-enabledGRAM server
Remote processcreation requests*
* With mutual authentication
Process
Kerberosticket
Restrictedproxy
Process
Restrictedproxy
Local id Local id
AuthorizeMap to local idCreate processGenerate credentials
Ditto
Grid in Action:“Create Processes at A and B that Communicate & Access Files at C”
39
Examples eResearch Grid Projects
ATLAS
Sloan Digital Sky Survey
LHC
ALMA
40
Components of CI-enabled science & engineering
CollaborationServices
Knowledge managementinstitutions for collection building
and curation of data, information,literature, digital objects
High-performance computingfor modeling, simulation, data
processing/mining
Individual &Group Interfaces& Visualization
Physical World
Humans
Facilities for activation,manipulation and
construction
Instruments forobservation andcharacterization.
GlobalConnectivity
41
Streams of Activity Converging in a CI Initiative
C ol la
b ora
torie
s
GRIDS (broadly defined)
E-science
CI-enabled Science & Engineering Research & Education
Specific disciplinary projects (not using above labels)
42
Cyberinfrastructure Opportunities
LIGO
ATLAS and CMS
NVO and ALMA
The number of nation-scale projects is growing rapidly!
Climate Change
43
Futures: The Computing Continuum
National PetascaleSystems
National PetascaleSystems
UbiquitousSensor/actuator
Networks
UbiquitousSensor/actuator
Networks
LaboratoryTerascaleSystems
LaboratoryTerascaleSystems
Ubiquitous Infosphere
CollaboratoriesCollaboratories ResponsiveEnvironmentsResponsive
EnvironmentsTerabit
Networks
ContextualAwarenessContextualAwareness
SmartObjectsSmart
Objects
Building Out
Building Up
Science, Policy and Education
PetabyteArchivesPetabyteArchives
44
The Changing Style of Observational Astronomy
The Old Way: Now: Future:
Pointed, heterogeneous
observations (~ MB - GB)
Large, homogeneous sky surveys (multi-TB, ~ 106 - 109 sources)
Multiple, federated sky surveys and archives (~ PB)
Small samples of objects (~ 101 - 103)
Archives of pointed observations (~ TB) Virtual Observatory
45
Crab Nebula in 4 spectral regionsX-ray, optical, infrared, radio
46
Four LHC Experiments: The Petabyte to Exabyte Challenge
ATLAS, CMS, ALICE, LHCBHiggs + New particles; Quark-Gluon Plasma; CP Violation
Data storedData stored ~40 Petabytes/Year and UP; ~40 Petabytes/Year and UP; CPU CPU 0.30 Petaflops and UP 0.30 Petaflops and UP
0.1 to 1 Exabyte (1 EB = 100.1 to 1 Exabyte (1 EB = 101818 Bytes) Bytes) (2007) (~2012 ?) for the LHC Experiments(2007) (~2012 ?) for the LHC Experiments
47
Virtual Observatory
http://www.us-vo.org/ Discovery process will rel
y on advanced visualization and data mining tools
Not tied to a single brick and mortar location
Will cross correlate existing multi-spectral databases petabytes in size No new telescopes or radio
dishes. Just big networks interconnecting large databases
48
Earthquake Engineering
Network for Earthquake Engineering Simulation (NEES)
$ 81.8M FY01-04 NSF support requested. Scoping study managed by NCSA; sponsored by
NSF NEES will provide a networked, national resource of ge
ographically-distributed, shared-use, next-generation, experimental research equipment installations, with tele-observation and tele-operation capabilities.
NEES will shift the emphasis of earthquake engineering research from current reliance on physical testing to integrated experimentation, computation, theory, databases, and model-based simulation using input data from EarthScope and other sources.
NEES will be a collaboratory – an integrated experimental, computational, communications, and curated repository system, developed to support collaboration in earthquake engineering research and education.
49
Ambient mic(tabletop)
Presentermic
Presentercamera
Audience camera
Grid Communities
Access Grid Collaboration Enable collaborative work
at dozens of sites worldwide, with strong sense of shared presence
Combination of commodity audio/video tech + Grid technologies for security, discovery, etc.
CRC, Sheraton and universities participating
50
Asia-APAN
51
Asia–APAN APAN Network: 한국 , 일본 , 중국 , 대만 , 싱가폴 , 호주 , 말레이시아 , 태국 , 필리핀 , 홍콩 , 베트남 , 인도네시아 , 스리랑카 , 미국 , 프랑스 , EU 연결 APAN Community: 아태지역 각국의 초고속연구교육망 제공자 및 사용자 의 모임
아직 Cyberinfrastructure 혹은 eScience 가 형성되지 않음 . 그러나 일본을 중심으로 Natural Science 분야에서 활발히 활동
Weather/Climate, Agriculture, Earth Monitoring Medical/Health Museum, Art High Energy Physics, BioInfomatics, NanoTechnology … etc
52
GOSObservation to understandthe current weather
53
GMSGMS21 March 200221 March 2002
TrajectoryTrajectory
Weather/Meteorology
54
Digital Earth
55
Forest Fire Early Detection System
ANDES
Hotspots are observed in NOAA-AVHRR and new lights are detected by DMSP-OLS.
Both data are combined and the coordinate data are stored in a file and also plotted on base images (left).
These data are sent to the related organizations in each country and also archived to be displayed on the web.
These information are automatically sent to a mobile-phone (i-mode) of the manager by e-mail every day.
12
56
HENP Major Links: Bandwidth Roadmap (Scenario) in Gbps
Year Production Experimental Remarks
2001 0.155 0.622-2.5 SONET/SDH
2002 0.622 2.5 SONET/SDH DWDM; GigE Integ.
2003 2.5 10 DWDM; 1 + 10 GigE Integration
2005 10 2-4 X 10 Switch; Provisioning
2007 2-4 X 10 ~10 X 10; 40 Gbps
1st Gen. Grids
2009 ~10 X 10 or 1-2 X 40
~5 X 40 or ~20-50 X 10
40 Gbps Switching
2011 ~5 X 40 or
~20 X 10
~25 X 40 or ~100 X 10
2nd Gen Grids Terabit Networks
2013 ~Terabit ~MultiTbps ~Fill One Fiber
Continuing the Trend: ~1000 Times Bandwidth Growth Per Decade;We are Rapidly Learning to Use and Share Multi-Gbps Networks
57
CN
SG
PERTH
GHANA
Buenos Aires/San
Paolo
St. Petersburg
Kazakhstan Uzbekistan
ChenaiNavi
Mumbai
Barcelona GreeceMD
NL
CA
Global Quilt Initiative – GMRE Initiative - 001
Global Medical Research Exchange Initiative
Bio-Medicine and Health Sciences
Layer 1 – Spoke & Hub Sites
Layer 2 – Spoke & Hub Sites
Layer 3 – Spoke & Hub Sites
Propose Global Research and Education Network for Physics
58中国农业大学植保生态智能系统技术(中国农业大学植保生态智能系统技术( IPMistIPMist ))实验室 网址:实验室 网址: http://www.ipmist.orghttp://www.ipmist.org
CASTCAST
EDUCEDUCSORGSORG
PCOMPCOM
e-Learning
Cross-organizational and international cooperation (COINCO) to Cross-organizational and international cooperation (COINCO) to forge innovative approaches to the challenge of e-learning marketforge innovative approaches to the challenge of e-learning market
APANAPAN
APRTCAPRTC
59
과학 기술 연구 환경의 획기적 변화고속 네트웍을 이용한 데이터 , 연산 능력 등 자원의 공유를 통한 연구
효율 극대화 초고속망 없이는 경쟁력 있는 첨단연구 불가 : 바이오 , 항공 , 기상 등
6T 전분야세계적 과학 기술 망 블록 등장 예상 됨 초 부처적인 사업 개념 확립 필요
e-Science, e-Education 한국의 초고속망 - KOREN, (KREN), (KREONET) 국제 : APII, TEIN 정부 - 기관 - 학교를 포함하는 이용자 그룹 : ANF
Advanced Networks and Cyberinfrastructure in Korea
60
DancingQ(I)
61
DancingQ(II)
StarTAP
U.S.
622M×2
WIDE, JGN
Japan
Tokyo-XP
Seoul
KOREN
Busan
Daegu
Suwon
TransPAC
vBNS, Abilene
APII Test-bed(Asia Pacific Information Infra.)
1G
KOREN(KOrea advanced REsearch Network)
KII Network(KII:Korea Information Infrastructure): ATM network
Daejeon
Kwangju
The National Center for Korean Traditional Performing Arts
Busan National Univ.
KII network
Kyusue
Performance Sites
62
HDTV over IP Demo(I) 270Mbps High-Definition streaming video from Portland
FukuokaBusan
Portland
Tokyo
~8000km/~5000mi
Demonstrate the performance of IP network to support extremely high rate multimedia data.
BUSAN JAPAN USA
UW J uniper M10
UWHP 4148 Switch
IEEAF/WIDE BI4K
APAN J uniper M20
Gekai XPJ uniper M10
KOREN Busan Cisco GSR
KOREN BusanCisco4006
Busan Marriotte Hotel Cisco4003
ACTACT10M100M
1 2 3 4
13 14 15 16
5 6 7 8
17 18 19 20
9 10 11 12
21 22 23 24
UPLINK
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 101112
131415161718192021222324COLCOL
PWR
SWITCH
HD D>A
HDCAM DECODER
HD DISPLAY
270 Mb HD CLIENT203.255.251.200
ACTACT10M100M
1 2 3 4
13 14 15 16
5 6 7 8
17 18 19 20
9 10 11 12
21 22 23 24
UPLINK
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 101112
131415161718192021222324COLCOL
PWR
SWITCH
ACTACT10M100M
1 2 3 4
13 14 15 16
5 6 7 8
17 18 19 20
9 10 11 12
21 22 23 24
UPLINK
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 101112
131415161718192021222324COLCOL
PWR
SWITCH
AST- HD- 1203.181.249.211
Data
WORKSTATION
KOREN 1Gbps APII
1Gbps
JGN622Mbps
WIDE IEEAF10Gbps
63
HDTV over IP Demo(II)
64
Global Advanced Networks
APAN
CII-K/ANF
Internet2CII/NSF
GEANT/EUeScience/UK
65
Advanced Network Forum (http://anf.ne.kr)
Korea
JapanTEIN
TransPAC
APII-2Link
622Mbps * 2
10Gbps
45Mbps
China
Thailand
Malaysia
Singapore
Indonesia
Philippines
Australia
Vietnam
GEANT(to
Paris)
Internet2/STAR TAP(to
Chicago)
ANF Vision of ANF Vision of Future Distributed HUBFuture Distributed HUB
ANF Vision of ANF Vision of Future Distributed HUBFuture Distributed HUB
Myanmar
nGbps
nMbps
APII, A3I Links
66
Distributed Cluster - Proposal
Access PointExchange Point
Australia
KoreaJapan
China
Thailand
Malaysia
Singapore Indonesia
USA
PhilippinesVietnam
Hong Kong
Sri Lanka
Taiwan
South East Asia Cluster(MY, TH,…)
North America
North East Asia Cluster(JP, KR,…)
Europe
Oceania Cluster(AU, ,…)
67
IEEAF: APAN Opportunities
IEEAF: 622 Mbps POS +10 Gbps
AARNet
68
A National Optical Networking Capability of
Internet2
69
Abilene Focus(’03~’04)
High perfomance , native advanced services: Multicast, IPv6, Large Flows End-to-End support
Dedicated Capability Experimentation 10-Gbps optical upgrade
TeraGrid experiment:best-effort virtual circuit
Advanced Restoration Techniques
70
Abilene Restoration
Abilene has a partial mesh of unprotected DWDM circuits replacing protected SONET circuits
VoIP and other real-time applications are becoming more important
Graceful restart for IS-IS and BGP
71
Why a national optical facility?
Expansion capability (λ’s) at marginal cost
New technology: 10Gigabit Ethernet in place of SONET
Means for introducing interdomain optical switching
Influencing development of new protocols at IP/optical interface
72
Abilene Network 10-Gpbs Optical Upgrade –(’02~’03)
73
NRL(National RambdaRail)
74
What is NLR(I)
a consortium of leading U.S. research universities and private sector technology companies
NLR aims to reenergize innovative research and development into next generation network technologies, protocols, services and applications
75
What is NLR(II)
combine new optical circuit technologies and existing high performance Internet services to develop a next generation of advanced networking capabilities.
intend to offer national experimental service over a λ–‘lambda grid’ deployment initially
76
Features
Largest optical networking & research facility in the world ~10,000 route-miles of dark fiber Four 10-Gbps λ’s provisioned at outset
Use of high speed Ethernet for WAN 10 Gigabit Ethernet LAN PHY is primary inte
rface
77
Internet2 and NLR Intend to offer national experimental ser
vice over a single λ for first 5 years of operation –lambda grid
Corporate partners Cisco(optronics/switching/routing) Level 3(fiber) Strong interest by other optronics companie
s Budget: $83-100M over 5 years
78
National LambdaRail Architecture
79
NLR’s ‘Virtuous Circles’ and the Vital Role of Dark Fiber
80
HOPI(Hybrid Optical/Packet Infrastructure
81
Outline
Assembling the vital ingredients High-peformance national IP network –Abilene Regional Optical Networks(RONs) National optical capabilities –NLR
Hybrid networking – next steps Plans for the NLR λ dedicated to Internet2 Steps towards developing a Hybrid Optical Packet I
nfrastructure(HOPI)
82
10-Gbps λ over full NLR footprint
Details 5-year commitment Likely 10GigE framing(in lieu of
OC192c SONET) Expect some type of ‘TDM’
infrastructure to be provisioned by Internet2 in collaboration with NLR
83
Hybrid Optical Networking Includes both IP packet and circuit capabilities Provides new opportunities for demanding applic
ations and network experimentation Does not obviate security and performance issu
es Requires interoperability and varying degrees of
on-demand resource allocation Depends on interplay of national, regional, and
metropolitan efforts Examples: National LambdaRail, regional optical
networks
84
NLR-Internet2 relationship
85
References ANF – http://anf.ne.kr APAN - http://apan.net Canarie – http://www.canarie.ca Internet2 – http://www.internet2.edu Geant – http://www.geant.net National LambdaRail -http://www.getlight.net/
86
Conclusion
IP, Optical, Wireless Low Tide in Networking Research Yet Long Way to the Netopia Chances for the Innovative Information Infrastructure The Third Wave