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Sustainable Water Institute
University of Massachusetts (Amherst)
GeosciencesPublic Health
Water Resources Research CenterComputer Sciences
Polymer Sciences & Engineering
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Impact of Climate Change on Water Systems
Half of world does not have adequate water
Climate change leads to• Shorelines change
• Changes in ocean chemistry to alter aquatic habitat and fisheries
• Warming water temperatures will change contaminant concentrations and alter aquatic system uses;
• New patterns of rainfall and snowfall to alter water supply and terrestrial ecosystem
• More intense storms to threaten water infrastructure and increase polluted storm water runoff
N. America & Massachusetts have regional water issues• Semiconductor industry
• Biofuel
• Agriculture/Forestry
• PollutionLand Use
in Blackston
e R Watershed
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Mission “Assessing, Understanding, Predicting
and Responding” Assess impact of climate change on infrastructure, ecosystem & stakeholders– Water systems, ecosystem & infrastructure are already stressed
– Global change will exacerbate the current situation
Understand hydrologic flux and storage– Atmosphere Surface Subsurface– Water quality drives water availability
Provide stakeholders tools to Predict & Respond– Treatment, new sources, infrastructure impact, conservation, emergency response
– Critical need for data & tools to guide decision making process
Educate the public and future scientists/engineers
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Technical Challenges
Motivation – Sampling (commonly by hand) is far too sparse in space and time for accurate modeling and prediction
– Lack of regional scale, integrative models
Proposed: sensing and modeling at fine scales– Sensing - High temporal & spatial resolution, High sensitivity, High selectivity
– Networking – Remote control & retrieval– Application – Water Resources Quantity & Quality– Policy – Tools to enable stakeholders to respond
Technology applicable to other fields, including security
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Source to User Analysis
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1980/Jan 1985/Jan 1990/Jan 1995/Jan 2000/Jan 2005/Jan 2010/Jan
Deep - BedrockShallow - Surficial
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ft)
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Average Summer (Jul - !ug) TN Concentration
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0.05.010.0
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35.040.0
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Rivermile
TN C
onc.
(mg/
L)
Current Upgrade 1 Upgrade 2 ZeroUB UP1NPS
MA
RI B
ord
er
Data Models & Tools
End Users, Policy & Response
New Sensors
Networked Sensorsinexpensive, dense, multi-parameter
Critical Water Fluxes
Sensor Development• Selectivity, sensitivity, size, cost, robustness,
power consumption, etc.
• UMass expertise in chemistry, physics, surfaces,
device development
1.5 cm
quartz diskgold pad
gold leadsgold lead
gold electrodes
0.8 cm
0.165 mm
1.5 cm
quartz diskgold pad
gold leadsgold lead
gold electrodes
0.8 cm
0.165 mm
versusmulti-functional sensing elements -
Sensors for Water Contamination:
- simple, versatile sensing platforms
UMass Prototype Chemical Sensor
Supporting O-ringsQuartz disk
Inlet flow Outlet flow
~ 1 cm3 chamber
Active electrode Polymeric contaminant capture medium:
Initial targets: harmful ions (arsenic, lead, mercury, nitrate)Contaminant capture media: functionalized hydrogels
Leads to circuitry
On-line QCM sensor :
H2PO4-
NO3- Cl-
NO3-
H2PO4-
Cl-
Frequency
Shift, kHz
-45
-55
-75
-65
Time, hr0 10
© KSWO TV
Ecosystems, Biocomplexity
Contaminant transport
Networking Sensors: Overview
Seismic structure response
Marine Microorganisms
Embedded micro-sensors, on-board processing, wireless interfaces at very small scale in-situ sensing: need to “be there,” monitor “up close”
Spatially, temporally dense environmental monitoring Wireless networks bring sensed data to computation, people
Hazardous weather (CASA): remote sensing
Networked embedded sensors @ UMass
Wireless, mobile networking of sensors for real-time high-resolution spatial and temporal sensing combine next generation sensors with novel wireless networking technology
Fast low-cost deployments in areas with no network infrastructure
Enables real-time monitoring of watersheds, rivers and oceans at unprecedented scales
Mt. Toby
MA1
CSB
10.6 Km
Topology of the MA OTG testbed
CASA off-the-grid radar network In western MA
Dielsenet: networked PVTA busses pickup data
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Example: Fort River Sensor Network
Application: monitor river dynamics
(e.g: seasonal, flood events), ecological status, water quantity/quality
Sensors:Water quality sensors,
underwater cameras, etc. Research:
Design of wide-area, remote wireless sensor network infrastructure.
Collaboration between faculty at Mt. Holyoke, NSM and Engineering at UMass, and Hampshire College.
Local Deployment : 12 mile stretch of Fort River,
Amherst
RI
MA
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Water Resources Quantity & Quality
Utilize new sensor technology to measure at high spatial-temporal resolutions– hydrologic fluxes & storage
– Water quality– Interactions & transport
Incorporate these data into models to predict – Long-term simulations– Alternative management
Develop tools useful to stakeholders & regulators
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Data Utilization – Models & Tools Quantifying fluxes between
groundwater “reservoirs”, surface water, and atmosphere Strongly coupled systems are
dynamic and complex Strong integration between data
collection, conceptualization, and prediction
Coupled system approach solves problems relevant to societal interest
Site
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1980/Jan 1985/Jan 1990/Jan 1995/Jan 2000/Jan 2005/Jan 2010/Jan
Deep - BedrockShallow - Surficial
Dep
th to
Wat
er (
ft)
Date
Data
Conceptualization
Thin TillGlacial Stratified Deposits
Coarse-grained Thick TillFine-
grained
Model/Predict/Inform
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April 7, 2009 Lincoln Campus Center
Keynote/Olver Award: Konstantine P. Georgakakos Director, Hydrologic Research Center and Adjunct Professor, Scripps Oceanographic Institute on
“Science-Based Water Management: Prediction and Decision Support under Climatic Variability and Change.”
Platform presentations & posters Student competition
Education & Outreach
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Collaborating Communities
UMass Faculty Working groups Integrative grants
Education UMass courses UMass Extension UMass Outreach STEM Ed Institute UCOWR
State & Regional Agencies MassDEP MWRA NEIPCC
Federal Agencies USDA USGS ACOE DOE EPA
Utilities & Industry Water supply, treatment Agriculture/Forestry Recreation
Practitioners Consultants NGOs Town officials
International Agencies UNESCO International Hydrologic Programme
Public
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Institute Activities
Develop and test new sensors and sensor networks
Establish densely distributed sensors networks able to detect and monitor both fast and slow changes in a regional water environment
Develop and test new hydro-geologic, hydrologic and water quality models for water flow, interconnectivity and contamination
Inform public in order to foster positive feedback between the public and scientific/academic sectors.
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Federal Agencies
DOD (ARO) Doug Kiserow; Chief, Chemical Sciences Division; 919-549-4213
EPA, National Center, Diana Bauer (202-343-9759); EPA region 1, Ira Leighten.
USGS; Kate Johnson; 703-648-6110 or Michael Dettinger.
DOE, Associate Director, Dr Pat Demer, 202-586-5430 or 301-903-5316.
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Impacts
Unique + Interdisciplinary + Comprehensive
Public Health
Environmental Health
Infrastructure Management & Planning
Emergency Response
Education & Outreach
Economic Security & Development