• 1/13 Focus:1/13 Focus:– Through conquest and social change,
Charlemagne brought much of western Europe together in a single empire
• Important Terms: Important Terms: – Holy Roman EmperorHoly Roman Emperor
• Do Now:Do Now: – Explain why feudalism developed in
Europe?
The Middle AgesThe Middle Ages
The Frankish KingsThe Frankish Kings
Impact of Germanic Impact of Germanic Invasions and Collapse of Invasions and Collapse of
RomeRome• Roman
Empire replaced by small kingdoms throughout western Europe
Germanic KingdomsGermanic Kingdoms
RomeRome• Loyalty to public
government and law
Germanic TribesGermanic Tribes• Loyalty based on
family ties and personal loyalties
• Chiefs led bands of warriors who pledged loyalty to him
• Lived in small communities
The FranksThe Franks• Germanic tribe
that controlled Gaul – France
Clovis IClovis I
• Frankish king – Part of the
Merovingian Dynasty
• Converted to Christianity in 496 – Allied with the
Catholic Church
• Took over Gaul • Died in 511
The FranksThe Franks• Clovis I – Frankish King– Converted to
Christianity in 496– Allied with the
Church • Church supported
military campaigns against other Germanic tribes
• Clovis converted other Germanic tribes to Christianity
• Church gains political power
Ivory carving of Clovis converting to Christianity. He is
being baptized by a bishop
•
•
Charles Martel Charles Martel
• Was a major domo in the Frankish Kingdom– “mayor of the palace” – very powerful advisor
to rulers– commanded the army
and made policy• “Charles the Hammer”
Charles Martel Charles Martel
• Muslim invaders had moved into Spain – Wanted to spread
Islam into W. Europe
• Martel defeats Muslim army (Moors) at the Battle of Tours in 732 AD
• Stopped the advance of Islam into Europe
Pepin the ShortPepin the Short
• Son of Charles Martel
• Becomes King of the Franks in 751
• Starts the Carolingian Dynasty – Family ruled from
751-987
CharlemagneCharlemagne
• Son of Pepin • Ruled from 768-814
AD• Built an empire that
included modern day France, Germany, and part of Italy
CharlemagneCharlemagne• Cooperation with the
Church – Comes to the aid of
Pope Leo III• Papal States were under
attack from Lombards– Territory in Italy under
the Pope’s Control
• Defeats the Lombards
• Crowned “Holy Roman Emperor” by the Pope Dec. 25, 800 AD
• Worked to spread Christianity
• 1/12 Focus:1/12 Focus:– Charlemagne was able to rule a large
empire because of his strong personality, his powerful centralized government, and his effective military strategies.
• Do Now:Do Now: – Explain why Charles Martel’s victory at
the Battle of Tours is a significant historical event.
•
CharlemagneCharlemagne• United large parts of Europe– Appointed nobles to rule parts of the
empire• Gave land in return for defense• Early feudalism
• Established written code of laws • Cultural Revival – Promoted education– Worked with monks to expand libraries and
preserve ancient writings
CharlemagneCharlemagne
• Empire fell apart after his death in 814 – Europe falls
back into disunity
Closure Closure
• Identify two ways that Charlemagne sought to restore order in Europe