Download - 120 Production Systems
PRODUCTION SYSTEMS
DEFINITION
MANUFACTURING PROCESS
Application of physical and chemical process to alter the geometry properties and/or appearance of a given started material to make parts or products. This definition includes assembly process.
PRODUCTION SYSTEM
A production system is a collection of people, equipment and procedures organized to perform the manufacturing operations of a company.
MANUFACTURING SYSTEM
A manufacturing system is a collection of integrated equipment designed for some special mission, such as machining a defined part family or assembling certain product. Include people.
LEVELS IN PRODUCTION SYSTEM
Facilities Manufacturing support systems
FACILITIES
Factory Production machines Tooling Material handling equipment Inspection equipment Computer system Plant layout
MANUFACTURING SUPPORT SYSTEMS
Procedures or process needed to manage the production operations
Involve a cycle of information processing
Figure 1.3
Functions:
1. Business functions communication with the customer Marketing Forecasting Order entry
Cost accounting Customer billing
2. Product design Research and development Design engineering Prototype shop
3. Manufacturing planning Process planning. Operation sequence Master scheduling Planning. MPS. Listing of product to be make Material Requirement planning. MRP. Raw material and purchasing parts. Capacity resource planning. CRP
4. Manufacturing control Shop floor control Inventory control Quality control
MANUFACTURING SYSTEM CATEGORIESIn terms of human participation in the process,
1. Manual work system
One or more workers performing one or more tasks with the aid of hand tools.
Hand tools: Is a small tool that is manually operated by the strength and skill of the human user.
2. Worker-machine systemA human worker operates powered equipment
3. Automated system
The process is performed by a machine without the direct participation of a human worker
Requirement: Program of instructions and control system
AUTOMATIZATION IN PRODUCTION SYSTEMS
1- Automation of manufacturing system2- Computerization of manufacturing support systems
Automated Manufacturing System
The process is performed by a machine without the direct participation of a human worker
Basic types:
1- Programmable automation2- Flexible automation3- Fixed automation
Programmable automation
The equipment are designed with the capability to change the sequence of operation to accommodate different product configuration
Features:
1- High investment in general purpose equipment2- batch production3- Low production rates4- Certain flexibility to change product configuration
Example
CNC machine tools with manual part charge lost time
Flexible automation
Is an extension of programmable automation.
1- High investment in custom-engineered equipment2- Continuous production of variable mixture product3- Medium production rates4- Flexibility to deal with product design variation. Virtually no time lost for changeover
Example
Machining operation with automated part charge
Fixed automation
System in which the sequence of processing operation is fixed by the equipment configuration
1- High initial investment for custom-engineered equipment2- High production rates3- Relative inflexibility of the equipment to accommodate product variety
Example
Machining lines transfers
Automated assembly machines – assembly lines
Figure 1.5
AUTOMATION PRINCIPLES AND STRATEGIES
USA Principles
1- Understand the existing process2- Simplify de process3- Automated the process
Strategies
1- Specialization de operation2- Combined operations3- Simultaneous operation4- Integration of operation 5- Increase of flexibility6- Improve material handling and storage7- On line inspection8- Process control and optimization9- Plant operation control10- Computer integrated manufacturing (CIM)
MIGRATION
1- Manual production2- Automated production3- Automated integrated production