Download - 12.3 PROTEIN SYNTHESIS Cornell notes
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2007-2008
12.3 PROTEIN SYNTHESISCornell notes
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DNA-RNA-PROTEIN / what does RNA do?What does a scribe do? What does a translator do?What is the Central Dogma of Biology?
DNA
TRANSCRIPTION
TRANSLATION
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NUCLEUS CYTOPLASM
RNA
PROTEIN
copier
blueprints
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TERMS TO REVIEW-genesegment of DNA contains genetic material-proteinbuilding blocks for all living things-amino acidsbuilding blocks of proteins-ribosomeorganelle helps manufacture protein-codon3 base code in DNA or RNA
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MAIN IDEACENTRAL DOGMA:established BELIEF of living things
[foundation]transcription -DNA codes for RNAtranslation -RNA guides synthesis of PROTEINS
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MAIN IDEATRANSCRIPTION
TRANSLATION
PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
TRANSCRIPTION/TRANSLATIONhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=NJxobgkPEAoFrom RNA to Protein Synthesis - YouTube
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LET’S REVIEWWhat is DNA?-deoxyribonucleic acidWhat N-base pairs make up DNA?cytosine=guanine /
adenine=thymineWhat happens during DNA replication?-2 new identical DNA strands
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RNASIMILAR to DNA
-ribonucleic acid -sugar--RIBOSE
-guides protein synthesis-found in nucleus & cytoplasm-single stranded/different shapes-URACIL replaces thymine in RNA
A=U / C=G
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RNA-RNA, like DNA is made of small units
called…
Made up of: -sugar (ribose) -phosphate group -N-bases
cytosine=guanine / adenine=uracil
NUCLEOTIDES
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RNA
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RNA [get out flip chart]3 MAIN types of RNA
mRNA -messenger RNArRNA -ribosomal RNA tRNA -transfer RNA
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mRNAmessenger RNA-travels from nucleus to cytoplasm-direct synthesis of a specific protein-single strand formed w/DNA template
FLIP CHART PIC
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rRNAribosomal RNA-cytoplasm-forms ribosomes in cytoplasm-ribbon shaped FLIP CHART PIC
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tRNAtransfer RNA
-ribosomes in cytoplasm-transfer amino acids to ribosomes
-small segments of RNA nucleotides bent into cloverleaf shape
FLIP CHART PIC
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TRANSCRIPTION1-DNA: RNA polymerase bind to
PROMOTERS2-DNA unzips-one strand acts as template
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TRANSCRIPTION3-mRNA copy is made from DNA template strand
by RNA polymerase
4-mRNA copy is made until it reaches theTERMINATION (stop signal) sequence
5-mRNA strand leaves thru nuclear pores into cytoplasm to direct protein synthesis
6-5’ end of mRNA attaches to a ribosome in cytoplasm
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TRANSCRIPTIONTEMPLATE vs NON-TEMPLATEONLY 3’-5’ strand serves as template
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TRANSCRIPTIONhttp://www-class.unl.edu/biochem/gp2/m_biology/animation/gene/gene_a2.htmlanimations
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TRANSCRIPTION/ practice processing mRNA
Transcribe this DNA to mRNA
DNA- 5’GTACTACATGCTATGCAT3’
mRNA-3’CAUGAUGUACGAUACGUA5’
ADD cap 3’CAUGAUGUACGAUACGUA5’cap
-remove the introns “UGUA” and “AUAC”:
mRNA- 3’ CAUGAUGUACGAUACGUA 5’
-add poly-A tail onto the 3’ end 3’ CAUGACGGUA 5’Poly A
tailcap PROCESSED m RNA
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THE CODEINSTRUCTIONS for PROTEIN synthesis
-mRNA is shorter than DNAintrons- sequences deleted, not in final mRNAexons- coding sequence remains in final mRNA
20 amino acids used to make proteins -each 3 base code is specific for an amino acid
codon- 3 base code in DNA or RNASTART codon- AUG-methionineSTOP codon- UAA, UAG, UGA
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THE CODE
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TRANSLATIONCODE is read -- TRANSLATED to make a PROTEIN
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TRANSLATION1-tRNA acts as interpreters of mRNA codon2-tRNA folds into cloverleaf shape -activated by an enzyme -middle of tRNA is 3 base coding sequence- anticodon -each anticodon is complementary to codon on mRNA
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TRANSLATION3-tRNAs add amino acids as move through
ribosome one codon at a time -3 base code determines protein to be made4-translation terminates when reach STOP codon
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TRANSLATION
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TRANSCRIPTION/TRANSLATION
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PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
TRANSCRIPTION/TRANSLATIONhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=NJxobgkPEAoFrom RNA to Protein Synthesis - YouTube
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PROTEIN
PROTEIN STRUCTURE
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PROTEIN