Download - 13 Colonies
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13 Colonies
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New England Colonies
•Rhode Island•Connecticut•Massachusetts•New Hampshire
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New England
• Climate and Physical Features–Rocky Soils–Short farming season–Subsistence farming–Bad farming conditions–Great harbors for port• Cities like Boston
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New England
• Economic Comparative Advantage–Commercial businesses ($$$)• Fishing• Shipping•manufacturing
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New England
•Why colonies were started–Religious freedom–Pilgrims, Puritans fled
England for Massachusetts
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The New England Colonies
Rhode Island
Massachusetts
New Hampshire
Connecticut
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Rhode Island
• Founded: 1636 by Roger Williams and others, at Providence
• Major Industry: Agriculture (livestock, dairy, fishing), Manufacturing (lumbering)
• Major Cities: Providence • Colony Named for: Dutch for "red island" • Became a State: May 29, 1790
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Connecticut• Founded: 1636 by Thomas Hooker and
others, at Hartford • Major Industry: Agriculture (wheat, corn,
fishing) • Major Cities: Hartford, New Haven • Colony Named for: from an Algonquin
word, quinnehtukqut, "beside the long tidal river"
• Became a State: February 6, 1788
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Massachusetts
• Founded: 1630 by John Winthrop and others, at Massachusetts Bay
• Major Industry: Agriculture (fishing, corn, livestock), Manufacturing (lumbering, shipbuilding)
• Major Cities: Boston, Quincy, Plymouth, Salem, Lexington, Concord
• Colony Named for: Massachusetts tribe (word means "large hill place")
• Became a State: February 6, 1788
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New Hampshire• Founded: 1638 by John Wheelwright and
others • Major Industry: Agriculture (potatoes,
fishing), Manufacturing (textiles, shipbuilding)
• Major Cities: Concord • Colony Named for: county of Hampshire
in England • Became a State: June 21, 1788
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Middle Colonies
•Delaware•Pennsylvania•New York•New Jersey
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Middle Colonies
•Climate and Physical Features–Good Soil–Longer growing seasons than
New England–Ok Harbors
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Middle Colonies
• Economic Comparative Advantage–Known as the “Breadbasket”•Grew crops like wheat and corn
–Provided food for other colonies–Some shipping and manufacturing
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Middle Colonies
•Why colonies were started–Religious Freedom•Make money through trade (New York and New Jersey)
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The Middle Colonies
New York
New Jersey
Pennsylvania
Delaware
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Delaware• Founded: 1638 by Peter Minuit and
others • Major Industry: Agriculture (fishing),
Manufacturing (lumbering) • Major Cities: Wilmington • Colony Named for: named for the
Delaware tribe and for an early governor of colonial Virginia, Lord de la Warr
• Became a State: December 7, 1787
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Pennsylvania
• Founded: 1682 by William Penn and others, at Philadelphia
• Major Industry: Agriculture (wheat, corn, cattle, dairy), Manufacturing (textiles, papermaking, shipbuilding)
• Major Cities: Philadelphia, Lancaster, York • Colony Named for: William Penn and sylvania,
Latin for "forest" • Became a State: December 12, 1787
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New York
• Founded: 1626 by Peter Minuit and others, on Manhattan Island
• Major Industry: Manufacturing (shipbuilding, iron works), Agriculture (cattle, grain, rice, indigo, wheat)
• Major Cities: New York City, Albany • Colony Named for: Duke of York • Became a State: July 26, 1788
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New Jersey
• Founded: 1664 by English colonists • Major Industry: Manufacturing
(ironworking, lumbering) • Major Cities: Trenton, Princeton • Colony Named for: Isle of Jersey in
England • Became a State: December 18, 1787
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Southern Colonies
•Maryland•Virginia•North Carolina• South Carolina•Georgia
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Southern Colonies
• Climate and Physical Features–Great Soil–Warm Weather–Very long growing seasons–Bad harbors
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Southern Colonies
• Economic Comparative Advantage–Focused on farming cash crops–Large plantation farms for tobacco,
cotton, and indigo–Almost no shipping
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Southern Colonies
• Why colonies were started–Almost all were started to make
money by growing cash crops–Maryland was started for religious
freedom–Georgia•A place for criminals/ debtors
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Southern Colonies
Maryland
Virginia
North Carolina
South Carolina
Georgia
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Maryland• Founded: 1633 by Lord Baltimore and
others, at Baltimore • Major Industry: Manufacturing
(shipbuilding, iron works), Agriculture (corn, wheat, rice, indigo)
• Major Cities: Baltimore, Annapolis • Colony Named for: Queen Henrietta
Maria of England • Became a State: April 28, 1788
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Virginia• Founded: 1607 by John Smith and
others, at Jamestown • Major Industry: Plantation agriculture
(tobacco, wheat, corn) • Major Cities: Jamestown, Williamsburg,
Richmond • Colony Named for: England's "Virgin
Queen," Elizabeth I • Became a State: June 25, 1788
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North Carolina
• Founded: 1653 by Virginia colonists • Major Industry: Plantation agriculture
(indigo, rice, tobacco) • Major Cities: Raleigh • Colony Named for: from Carolus, the
Latin word for "Charles," Charles I of England
• Became a State: November 21, 1789
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South Carolina
• Founded: 1663 by English colonists • Major Industry: Plantation agriculture
(indigo, rice, tobacco, cotton, cattle) • Major Cities: Charleston • Colony Named for: from Carolus, the
Latin word for "Charles," Charles I of England
• Became a State: May 23, 1788
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Georgia• Founded: 1732 by James Oglethorpe and
others • Major Industry: Agriculture (indigo, rice,
sugar) • Major Cities: Savannah • Colony Named for: England's King
George II • Became a State: January 2, 1788
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Reasons why the colonies began
• God – Religious Freedoms• The Puritans and the Pilgrims fled
from England to the colonies• Glory – Wanted the fame of
starting a new country• Gold – People could make lots of
money in the colonies especially on plantations
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The Development of Democratic Ideas
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Magna Carta-1215
• 1st document to limit power of English rulers– Kings and queens must
obey the law too!
• Major step toward constitutional government
• Where? - England
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Colonial Government – 1600s
• The governor of colony represented King
• Colonists voted for members of a legislature (assembly)
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•DISCUSS: In colonial government, assemblies controlled the salary of
the governor. How is this an examples of
Montisqieu’s separation of power?
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Virginia House of Burgesses-1619
• 1st representative assembly in America
• Beginning of representative government
• Where? South
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Mayflower Compact - 1620
• 1st document to establish self-government, popular sovereignty and rule of law in the colonies
• Where? New England
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New England Town Meetings - 1629
• Meeting for townspeople to express themselves openly
• Helped further direct democracy as self-government in the colonies
• One vote/one person• Where? New England
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Fundamental Orders of Connecticut- 1639
• 1st written constitution in the American colonies
• Began a pattern of the colonists securing guaranteed rights.
• constitution = a written plan for government• Where? New England
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Maryland Toleration Act - 1649
• 1st document to recogonize religious freedom in the colonies
• model for the 1st Amendment of the Constitution
• Where? Southern
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Bacon’s Rebellion (1676)
• Governor William Berkeley agreed to keep settlers from taking Native American land.
• Nathaniel Bacon disagreed strongly and led attacks on colonial government
• Rebellion against an oppressive government• Where? South
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English Bill of Rights (1689)
• List of rights for the English citizens• Where? England
• Discuss• Today where can US citizens look to find rights
that are given?
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Peter Zenger Trial - 1734
• First case to protect the idea of freedom of the press in the colonies
• Where? Middle
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ENLIGHTENMENT THINKERS
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Enlightenment Thinkers Ideas
•They argued that the laws of nature also applied to human life and society.
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John Locke (England)
Viewpoints• All humans have “natural rights”
– Life– Liberty– Property
• In order to have their “natural rights” protected, humans give up certain freedoms to Government
• If gov’t does NOT protect your Rights, citizens can OVERTHROW it!!!
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DISCUSS: When you go through airport security, what freedoms might you give up?
Which one of your “natural rights” is the government protecting?
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Baron de Montesquieu (France)
Viewpoints• Believed too much power
in one place is dangerous for others
• Introduced “Separation of Powers” between branches of government
• Ex: England’s Government– King-enforced laws– Parliament-made laws– Judges-interpreted laws
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DISCUSS: What might happen if Police Officers were the ones who determined the people they arrested guilty instead of judges or juries?
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Jean Jacques Rousseau (France)
Viewpoints• Humans will destroy
themselves if they don’t give up some freedoms
• Humans create a “social contract” with government to protect themselves
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Discuss: How are speed limits examples of the social contract?
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Voltaire (France & England)
Viewpoints• Believed in Civil
Liberties–Trial by Jury of peers–Freedom of Religion–Freedom of Speech
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DISCUSS: Voltaire once said: “I may not agree with what you say, but I will defend to the death your RIGHT to say it.”
What do you think he meant by that?