Download - 13 Colonies
13 Colonies
New England Colonies
•Rhode Island•Connecticut•Massachusetts•New Hampshire
New England
• Climate and Physical Features–Rocky Soils–Short farming season–Subsistence farming–Bad farming conditions–Great harbors for port• Cities like Boston
New England
• Economic Comparative Advantage–Commercial businesses ($$$)• Fishing• Shipping•manufacturing
New England
•Why colonies were started–Religious freedom–Pilgrims, Puritans fled
England for Massachusetts
The New England Colonies
Rhode Island
Massachusetts
New Hampshire
Connecticut
Rhode Island
• Founded: 1636 by Roger Williams and others, at Providence
• Major Industry: Agriculture (livestock, dairy, fishing), Manufacturing (lumbering)
• Major Cities: Providence • Colony Named for: Dutch for "red island" • Became a State: May 29, 1790
Connecticut• Founded: 1636 by Thomas Hooker and
others, at Hartford • Major Industry: Agriculture (wheat, corn,
fishing) • Major Cities: Hartford, New Haven • Colony Named for: from an Algonquin
word, quinnehtukqut, "beside the long tidal river"
• Became a State: February 6, 1788
Massachusetts
• Founded: 1630 by John Winthrop and others, at Massachusetts Bay
• Major Industry: Agriculture (fishing, corn, livestock), Manufacturing (lumbering, shipbuilding)
• Major Cities: Boston, Quincy, Plymouth, Salem, Lexington, Concord
• Colony Named for: Massachusetts tribe (word means "large hill place")
• Became a State: February 6, 1788
New Hampshire• Founded: 1638 by John Wheelwright and
others • Major Industry: Agriculture (potatoes,
fishing), Manufacturing (textiles, shipbuilding)
• Major Cities: Concord • Colony Named for: county of Hampshire
in England • Became a State: June 21, 1788
Middle Colonies
•Delaware•Pennsylvania•New York•New Jersey
Middle Colonies
•Climate and Physical Features–Good Soil–Longer growing seasons than
New England–Ok Harbors
Middle Colonies
• Economic Comparative Advantage–Known as the “Breadbasket”•Grew crops like wheat and corn
–Provided food for other colonies–Some shipping and manufacturing
Middle Colonies
•Why colonies were started–Religious Freedom•Make money through trade (New York and New Jersey)
The Middle Colonies
New York
New Jersey
Pennsylvania
Delaware
Delaware• Founded: 1638 by Peter Minuit and
others • Major Industry: Agriculture (fishing),
Manufacturing (lumbering) • Major Cities: Wilmington • Colony Named for: named for the
Delaware tribe and for an early governor of colonial Virginia, Lord de la Warr
• Became a State: December 7, 1787
Pennsylvania
• Founded: 1682 by William Penn and others, at Philadelphia
• Major Industry: Agriculture (wheat, corn, cattle, dairy), Manufacturing (textiles, papermaking, shipbuilding)
• Major Cities: Philadelphia, Lancaster, York • Colony Named for: William Penn and sylvania,
Latin for "forest" • Became a State: December 12, 1787
New York
• Founded: 1626 by Peter Minuit and others, on Manhattan Island
• Major Industry: Manufacturing (shipbuilding, iron works), Agriculture (cattle, grain, rice, indigo, wheat)
• Major Cities: New York City, Albany • Colony Named for: Duke of York • Became a State: July 26, 1788
New Jersey
• Founded: 1664 by English colonists • Major Industry: Manufacturing
(ironworking, lumbering) • Major Cities: Trenton, Princeton • Colony Named for: Isle of Jersey in
England • Became a State: December 18, 1787
Southern Colonies
•Maryland•Virginia•North Carolina• South Carolina•Georgia
Southern Colonies
• Climate and Physical Features–Great Soil–Warm Weather–Very long growing seasons–Bad harbors
Southern Colonies
• Economic Comparative Advantage–Focused on farming cash crops–Large plantation farms for tobacco,
cotton, and indigo–Almost no shipping
Southern Colonies
• Why colonies were started–Almost all were started to make
money by growing cash crops–Maryland was started for religious
freedom–Georgia•A place for criminals/ debtors
Southern Colonies
Maryland
Virginia
North Carolina
South Carolina
Georgia
Maryland• Founded: 1633 by Lord Baltimore and
others, at Baltimore • Major Industry: Manufacturing
(shipbuilding, iron works), Agriculture (corn, wheat, rice, indigo)
• Major Cities: Baltimore, Annapolis • Colony Named for: Queen Henrietta
Maria of England • Became a State: April 28, 1788
Virginia• Founded: 1607 by John Smith and
others, at Jamestown • Major Industry: Plantation agriculture
(tobacco, wheat, corn) • Major Cities: Jamestown, Williamsburg,
Richmond • Colony Named for: England's "Virgin
Queen," Elizabeth I • Became a State: June 25, 1788
North Carolina
• Founded: 1653 by Virginia colonists • Major Industry: Plantation agriculture
(indigo, rice, tobacco) • Major Cities: Raleigh • Colony Named for: from Carolus, the
Latin word for "Charles," Charles I of England
• Became a State: November 21, 1789
South Carolina
• Founded: 1663 by English colonists • Major Industry: Plantation agriculture
(indigo, rice, tobacco, cotton, cattle) • Major Cities: Charleston • Colony Named for: from Carolus, the
Latin word for "Charles," Charles I of England
• Became a State: May 23, 1788
Georgia• Founded: 1732 by James Oglethorpe and
others • Major Industry: Agriculture (indigo, rice,
sugar) • Major Cities: Savannah • Colony Named for: England's King
George II • Became a State: January 2, 1788
Reasons why the colonies began
• God – Religious Freedoms• The Puritans and the Pilgrims fled
from England to the colonies• Glory – Wanted the fame of
starting a new country• Gold – People could make lots of
money in the colonies especially on plantations
The Development of Democratic Ideas
Magna Carta-1215
• 1st document to limit power of English rulers– Kings and queens must
obey the law too!
• Major step toward constitutional government
• Where? - England
Colonial Government – 1600s
• The governor of colony represented King
• Colonists voted for members of a legislature (assembly)
•DISCUSS: In colonial government, assemblies controlled the salary of
the governor. How is this an examples of
Montisqieu’s separation of power?
Virginia House of Burgesses-1619
• 1st representative assembly in America
• Beginning of representative government
• Where? South
Mayflower Compact - 1620
• 1st document to establish self-government, popular sovereignty and rule of law in the colonies
• Where? New England
New England Town Meetings - 1629
• Meeting for townspeople to express themselves openly
• Helped further direct democracy as self-government in the colonies
• One vote/one person• Where? New England
Fundamental Orders of Connecticut- 1639
• 1st written constitution in the American colonies
• Began a pattern of the colonists securing guaranteed rights.
• constitution = a written plan for government• Where? New England
Maryland Toleration Act - 1649
• 1st document to recogonize religious freedom in the colonies
• model for the 1st Amendment of the Constitution
• Where? Southern
Bacon’s Rebellion (1676)
• Governor William Berkeley agreed to keep settlers from taking Native American land.
• Nathaniel Bacon disagreed strongly and led attacks on colonial government
• Rebellion against an oppressive government• Where? South
English Bill of Rights (1689)
• List of rights for the English citizens• Where? England
• Discuss• Today where can US citizens look to find rights
that are given?
Peter Zenger Trial - 1734
• First case to protect the idea of freedom of the press in the colonies
• Where? Middle
ENLIGHTENMENT THINKERS
Enlightenment Thinkers Ideas
•They argued that the laws of nature also applied to human life and society.
John Locke (England)
Viewpoints• All humans have “natural rights”
– Life– Liberty– Property
• In order to have their “natural rights” protected, humans give up certain freedoms to Government
• If gov’t does NOT protect your Rights, citizens can OVERTHROW it!!!
DISCUSS: When you go through airport security, what freedoms might you give up?
Which one of your “natural rights” is the government protecting?
Baron de Montesquieu (France)
Viewpoints• Believed too much power
in one place is dangerous for others
• Introduced “Separation of Powers” between branches of government
• Ex: England’s Government– King-enforced laws– Parliament-made laws– Judges-interpreted laws
DISCUSS: What might happen if Police Officers were the ones who determined the people they arrested guilty instead of judges or juries?
Jean Jacques Rousseau (France)
Viewpoints• Humans will destroy
themselves if they don’t give up some freedoms
• Humans create a “social contract” with government to protect themselves
Discuss: How are speed limits examples of the social contract?
Voltaire (France & England)
Viewpoints• Believed in Civil
Liberties–Trial by Jury of peers–Freedom of Religion–Freedom of Speech
DISCUSS: Voltaire once said: “I may not agree with what you say, but I will defend to the death your RIGHT to say it.”
What do you think he meant by that?