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1775 - 1781
13 colonies at war with Britain to gain independence after uprisings due to
• high taxes and
•mistreatment by the King.
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America eventually won war and gained independence from Britain.
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First battles of the American Revolution.
Massachusetts minutemen fought the British regulars who were trying to destroy military stores and arrest colonial leaders.
Lexington and Concord Battle
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Battle of Saratoga is where colonists won and convinced the French to commit troops to the American cause.
The American Revolution had become an international conflict.
The Battle of Saratoga was the turning point of the war and helped the colonists win.
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Marquis de Lafayette was the French office who assisted the Americans during the American Revolution.
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☺Sight of British defeat
☺Ended the Revolutionary War
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Treaty of Paris ended the American Revolution.
Britain recognized the United States as a new nation.
The western border of the United States was the Mississippi River.
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•First framework for our government
•Created a loose confederacy of sovereign states (a friendship)
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Established a very weak central government.
The Articles of Confederation were unsuccessful and the Constitution was created in its place.
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Established an orderly way for the western territories to apply for statehood.
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Federalist Papers:
85 essays trying to get states to pass the new Constitution
The Federalists were successful!!!
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Federalists:
Supporters of the Constitution
Wanted a strong federal government
Large landowners, merchants, and farmers along the river and coast.
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•Opponents of the Constitution
•Strong states’ rights
•Western farmers and South
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1736 - 1799
Governor of Virginia
Radical Revolutionary leader
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Leading Antifederalist who pushed for the Bill of Rights to be added to the Constitution
Famous quote:
“Give me liberty, or give me death”
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Date: 1755 -1804
Brilliant New York lawyer
and statesman
Framer of the Constitution
Established first bank of the U.S. and the national credit
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Strong Federalist
Helped write the Federalist Papers
First Secretary of Treasury under George Washington
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Date: 1787
Purpose:
Revise Articles of Confederation - then threw them out
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Great Compromise:
House of Representatives based on state population and Senate – equal representation
Three-Fifths Compromise:
Every five enslaved people in a state would count as three free persons for determining both representation and taxes.
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Set up framework for limited government and a new Constitution was created.
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•Adoption of the Constitution
•Framework for the U.S. Government
•Remains a model for representative government
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Created by the founding fathers
Revised for the Articles of Confederation
Foundation for the government used today
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1732 - 1799
First President of the United States
1793 Neutrality Proclamation:
Urging citizens to stay neutral during the French Revolution
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Jay’s Treaty:
Attempt to gain a settlement of American grievances against Great Britain and avoid war
Pinckney’s Treaty:
Promoted positive relations with Spain
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Farewell Address:
“Steer clear of permanent alliances with any portion of the foreign World” this guided America’s foreign policy for year
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Purpose:
Allow future generations to make changes to the Constitution
Process:
Two Steps:
1. Proposal
2. Ratification
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Proposal:
Vote by two-thirds of the members of both houses
Or
Two-thirds of states at a constitutional convention
Ratification: Three-fourths of states legislatures
Or
Three-fourths of states must approve for ratification
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•Changed England’s government from absolute monarchy to a Constitutional monarchy
Our Constitution and Bill of Rights were modeled after the Constitutional monarchy.
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English agreement between its nobles and king guaranteeing certain rights
Rights were later given to all citizens
Our Constitution and Bill or Rights were based on the Magna Carta
Magna Carta
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Government by popularly elected representatives, not a king
Allows people to be the final source of authority
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In 1787 the Constitution was drafted, which formed the idea of federalism
Federalism:
Power is shared between the national or federal government and the state
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System where each branch of government has the ability to limit power of the other branches to prevent any one branch from becoming too powerful
Provided by the Constitution to ensure that America would never have a monarchy
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First 10 amendments protect basic liberties and rights
Individual rights include freedom of
•Religion
•Speech
•Press, etc.
The 17 amendments that follow the Bill of Rights expand the individual rights of Americans.
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Government subject to the will of the people
Created a representative system of government where officials spoke on behalf of the people
The new Constitution was based on this idea
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Government only has the powers the Constitution gives to it.
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Government principle where power is divided among different branches.
Legislative (House & Senate) – makes laws
Executive (President) – enforces laws
Judicial (courts) – interpret laws
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First of the ten Bill of Rights
1791
People can b e well informed through the press
People can freely exchange ideas without fear of imprisonment
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Second President of the U.S.
His greatest achievement was avoiding war with France.
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Alien and Sedition Acts:
Allowed government to forcibly expel foreigners and jail editors for malicious writing
Purpose: political strategy to destroy the Democratic-Republicans
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Two distinct parties emerged during Washington’s presidency due to:
• congressional battles over the assumption of state debts
•Excise tax 1791
•Bank of U.S.
•Protective tariff
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Led by Hamilton and John Marshall, associated with wealthy and upper crust, encouraged the development of industry, favored an alliance with Great Britain, wanted a strong central government.
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Led by Jefferson and Madison
Associated with the masses
Encouraged the development of agriculture
Favored an alliance with France
Pushed for strong states’ rights
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Primary author of the Declaration of Independence
Brought Louisiana from France, which doubled the size of the United States.