After the Rebellions, many immigrants came to Canada
Now ↑ English than French-speaking people in Canada French scared…. WHY?
Form political parties to protect themselves
Upper Canada Canada West Growing very fast
Toronto became the center of business, banking , and industry
New roads = better transportation connecting towns to resources
Lower Canada Canada East
The British were losing interest in the colonies Took away or changed laws that had given
them special privileges Would not pay for new projects: ships,
canals, roads, railways, etc. Colonial governments and private businesses
had to pay
A union of all the colonies would make each colony stronger and richer
Some projects (intercolonial railway) would be easier to pay for if the colonies were together
The American Civil War posed a threat to Canada
1. Native cultures were complex and varied Traditions and cultures were passed down
orally (not written) Elders were highly respected
2. Spiritual beliefs were centered on living in harmony with nature
3. Group vs. individual orientation The well-being of the group is more
important than the individual.
4. Wealth- good health, friends and well-being was more important than possessions
5. Based on the family unit
Each First Nation had its own system of government. Leaders were often chosen on these factors:1. Hereditary leaders2. Wisdom3. Strength4. Hunting ability5. Open discussion
Pushed off their land to reserves : Land set aside for native groups (usually
far away from settlements) Forgotten or ignored unless the
Europeans wanted their lands or cheap labour
Often they were forced to adjust to European life
Traditionally hunters and fishermen Had to become fruit and vegetable
farmers with growing settlements
Had never been involved in agriculture before
Hunters, fishermen, gatherers
Resisted being forced into farming
Trespassing often occurred on native reserves to get resources (minerals, wood, etc.)
European settlements moved closer and closer to the reserves
They were often pressured to sell their best land for cheap prices Due to poverty and misunderstandings,
many Native people lost a lot of territory
Write out the following definitions To assimilate Victorian Suffrage Infrastructure
P. 59 Questions 2a, 2b, and 3.
Large houses to show peoples’ importance in the community and because of large families and servants.
Women: long dresses and aprons with high collars
Men: hats and ties, long jackets and high collars Stayed out of the sun a tan was a sign you
worked outdoors
Queen Victoria became queen in 1837 as a teenager (18)
Her tastes, values, and behaviour set the standard for all British territories
People who lived then were called Victorians
Very Christian Modest Serious Obsessed with social status Materialistic
Wanted fancy clothes, homes, churches, possessions
People with money, education, and social status: life was good No income tax
For poor and uneducated it was terrible No government assistance (health, education,
employment, etc) Reliance on family or church
Most poor from Ireland or Scotland Tenant farmers, or Had the worst land
Victorian Canadians liked to be entertained:-parties -concerts -fairs-circuses -shows -weddings
Books and magazines became popular: More people could read
Sports: Swimming Blood sports: boxing, bear-baiting; dog fighting,
Card games, checkers, chess Games to test strength and
coordination Pulling the stump Pulling the leg Kissing his thumb
There were many discoveries during this time
Began to understand disease and found cures: Developed -improved vaccinations aspirin, anti-biotics Antiseptics vitamins, hormones
Many people died from serious diseases-Cholera -Smallpox-Influenza -Typhoid-tuberculosis
Many also died during surgery: Doctors didn’t wash their hands or
their instruments, smoked in operating rooms
One of the first female doctors in the British Empire
Had to study in US because no Canadian medical school would accept a woman
As a woman, she could not practice medicine legally in Canadaset up an illegal practice
Fought for women’s rights and the right to vote: suffrage
Established a women’s medical college
People with money like to travel to Europe or the US
Invention of the steamboat Could cross the Atlantic much faster (2-3
weeks) Steam locomotives improved land travel
By 1853 trains went up to 80km/hour Canada’s infrastructure was developing
By 1850, every city and most small towns had a newspaper Dailies: newspapers published every day
By 187047 dailies More people could read, and so many people lived in
cities