Download - 1896 - 1914

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Page 1: 1896 - 1914

1896 - 19141896 - 1914

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Dems. & Reps.

Urban; middle class:WritersTeachersCollege Educated ProfessionalsScholarsSocial WorkersPoliticians

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Progressive were not....Progressive were not....Not united by geography or occupation

Not Populists

Not a political party (until 1912)

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Areas of Reform

• Social Justice– Workers Rights– Social Welfare– Consumer Protection

• Political Democracy• Environmentalism

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Social Justice

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Social Gospel• Social assistance programs• Church to help poor• Catholics, Jews, Christians

Jane Addams, Hull House

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Settlement Houses c. 1889

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Salvation Army ; YMCA

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State Reforms

• Hiram Johnson (CA)– Workers’ Comp.

• Robert La Follette (WI)• Income Tax• Corporate Tax

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16th Amendment• Federal Income Tax

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Public Health• Sanitation Systems– Trash Removal– Sewers

• Food Inspections• Physical Education• Increased school enrollment• Child Labor laws

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• Portland High School (2nd free public HS in US)

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Moral Reform• Temperance Movement

• WCTU– Frances Willard– 18th Amendment– Prohibition

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“Muckrakers”• Journalists• Exposed corruption• Leads to major reforms

– Ida Tarbell – Upton Sinclair – Jacob Riis– Frank Norris– John Spargo– Lincoln Steffens– Ida B. Wells

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Political Democracy

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Direct Election of Senators17th Amendment

Women’s SuffrageNWSA , AWSA19th Amendment

City GovernmentsCommissioners

Australian Secret BallotsDirect Primary

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Presidential Nominations

CaucusCaucus---small group of individuals who would choose a candidate

ConventionConvention---members from the political parties nominate a candidate

Direct PrimaryDirect Primary---allow registered voters to participate in choosing a candidate

1790 to 18281790 to 1828

1828 to 19001828 to 1900

Current System Current System UsedUsed

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Environmentalism

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Gifford PinchotJohn MuirTeddy RooseveltNewlands Reclamation Act

- dams, canals,

irrigation projectsEstablishes 190 million acres

for national forests.Creation of

U.S. Forest Service

ConservationConservation

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Civil Rights

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“Social Reality”

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Segregation• Southern states• “Redeemer” govts.• Separate public facilities• Unequal Pay Scales• Jim Crow Laws– Literacy Tests– Poll Taxes– Grandfather Clause

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Plessy v. Ferguson

(1896)•Supreme Court legalized segregation throughout the nation.

•Plessy was only 1/8 black, but still forced to sit in a segregated train car

•“Separate but Equal” as long as public facilities were equal

•Problem: Black facilities never equal to White facilities

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Booker T. Washington• Former slave• Gradualism• Vocational Education• Economic self-sufficiency• Tuskegee Institute• “Atlanta Compromise”

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Tuskegee Institute

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W.E.B. DuBois• Harvard Professor

• Immediate Equality

• Niagra Movement (1906)– Black Pride– NAACP

• Top 10%– Top 10% accepted into college– Put into “power positions”– Power Structure argument

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Ida B. Wells• Lynchings• The Red Record

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Lynchings (1890-1920)


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