1914-1914-1918:1918:
The The WorldWorldat Warat War
1914-1914-1918:1918:
The The WorldWorldat Warat War
Differing ViewpointsDiffering Viewpoints
“ “Family Feud”Family Feud”
“ “The War to End All Wars”The War to End All Wars”
“ “The War to ‘Make theThe War to ‘Make the World Safe for Democracy’” World Safe for Democracy’”
CausesCausesof theof theWarWar
CausesCausesof theof theWarWar
1. The Alliance System1. The Alliance System
Triple EntenteTriple Entente::Triple EntenteTriple Entente:: Triple AllianceTriple Alliance::Triple AllianceTriple Alliance::
Two Armed Camps!Two Armed Camps!Allied PowersAllied Powers::Allied PowersAllied Powers:: Central PowersCentral Powers::Central PowersCentral Powers::
The Major Players: 1914-17
The Major Players: 1914-17
Nicholas II Nicholas II [Rus][Rus]
Nicholas II Nicholas II [Rus][Rus]
George V [Br]George V [Br]George V [Br]George V [Br]
Pres. Poincare Pres. Poincare [Fr][Fr]
Pres. Poincare Pres. Poincare [Fr][Fr]
Allied PowersAllied Powers::Allied PowersAllied Powers::
Franz Josef [A-H]Franz Josef [A-H]Franz Josef [A-H]Franz Josef [A-H]
Wilhelm II [Ger]Wilhelm II [Ger]Wilhelm II [Ger]Wilhelm II [Ger]
Victor Emmanuel Victor Emmanuel II [It]II [It]
Victor Emmanuel Victor Emmanuel II [It]II [It]
Central PowersCentral Powers::Central PowersCentral Powers::
Enver PashaEnver Pasha[Turkey][Turkey]
Enver PashaEnver Pasha[Turkey][Turkey]
Europe in 1914Europe in 1914
2. Militarism & Arms Race2. Militarism & Arms Race
1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1914
94 130 154 268 289 398
Total Defense Expenditures for the Total Defense Expenditures for the Great Powers [Ger., A-H, It., Fr., Br., Great Powers [Ger., A-H, It., Fr., Br.,
Rus.] Rus.] in millions of £s.in millions of £s.
1910-1914 Increase in Defense
Expenditures
France 10%
Britain 13%
Russia 39%
Germany
73%
3. Economic & Imperial Rivalries
3. Economic & Imperial Rivalries
4. Aggressive Nationalism
4. Aggressive Nationalism
Pan-Slavism: The Balkans, 1914
Pan-Slavism: The Balkans, 1914
The“Powder
Keg”of Europe
“The Black Hand” pro-
Serbian nationalists
The“Powder
Keg”of Europe
“The Black Hand” pro-
Serbian nationalists
TheThe
“Spark“Spark””
TheThe
“Spark“Spark””
Archduke Franz Ferdinand & His Family
Archduke Franz Ferdinand & His Family
The Assassination: Sarajevo
The Assassination: Sarajevo
The Assassin: The Assassin:
GavriloPrincipGavriloPrincip
Who’s To Blame?•German encirclement theory?
•Ignorance of modern warfare?
•M.A.I.N.
Who’s To Blame?•German encirclement theory?
•Ignorance of modern warfare?
•M.A.I.N.
What was that about? By 1900’s, Ottoman Empire in decline Nations had formed from Ottoman
territory Greece, Bulgaria, Montenegro,
Romania, and Serbia (Slavic group) Serbia wanted to extend boundaries
into A-H territory (Pan-Slavism…if Slavs there…it’s ok to take)
1908 A-H took Bosnia-Herzegovina (lots of Slavic people there)
Serbia really upset. Black Hand wanted to rid Bosnia of all
A-H power
Who started it? Should have been between Serbia
and Austria-Hungary Instead…Russia backed Serbia
and Germany backed A-H A-H declares war on Serbia Russia mobilizes troops near
German and Austrian border Germany declares war on Russia
AND France British are sucked in for the ride.
The Schlieffen Plan
•Attack France through neutral Belgium
The Schlieffen Plan
•Attack France through neutral Belgium
German Atrocities in Belgium
German Atrocities in Belgium
MobilizationMobilization
It's a long way to Tipperary,It's a long way to Tipperary, It's a long way to go;It's a long way to go; It's a long way to Tipperary,It's a long way to Tipperary, To the sweetest girl I know!To the sweetest girl I know! Goodbye, Piccadilly,Goodbye, Piccadilly, Farewell, Leicester Square,Farewell, Leicester Square, It's a long, long way to Tipperary,It's a long, long way to Tipperary, But my heart's right there!But my heart's right there!
It's a long way to Tipperary,It's a long way to Tipperary, It's a long way to go;It's a long way to go; It's a long way to Tipperary,It's a long way to Tipperary, To the sweetest girl I know!To the sweetest girl I know! Goodbye, Piccadilly,Goodbye, Piccadilly, Farewell, Leicester Square,Farewell, Leicester Square, It's a long, long way to Tipperary,It's a long, long way to Tipperary, But my heart's right there!But my heart's right there!
Home by Christmas!Home by Christmas! No major war No major war
in 50 years!in 50 years! Nationalism!Nationalism!
Home by Christmas!Home by Christmas! No major war No major war
in 50 years!in 50 years! Nationalism!Nationalism!
Recruitment PostersRecruitment Posters
A Young Australian Recruit
A Young Australian Recruit
Recruits of the Central PowersRecruits of the Central Powers
Austro-Austro-HungariansHungarians
Austro-Austro-HungariansHungarians
A German A German Soldier Says Soldier Says
Farewell to His Farewell to His MotherMother
A German A German Soldier Says Soldier Says
Farewell to His Farewell to His MotherMother
New French RecruitsNew French Recruits
A German Boy Pretends to Be a Soldier
A German Boy Pretends to Be a Soldier
Soldiers Mobilized
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
France Germany Russia Britain
Mil
lio
ns
WomenWomenand and thetheWarWar
EffortEffort
WomenWomenand and thetheWarWar
EffortEffort
Financing the WarFinancing the War
For RecruitmentFor Recruitment
Munitions WorkersMunitions Workers
French Women Factory Workers
French Women Factory Workers
German Women Factory Workers
German Women Factory Workers
Working in the FieldsWorking in the Fields
A Woman Ambulance Driver
A Woman Ambulance Driver
Red Cross NursesRed Cross Nurses
Women in the Army Auxiliary
Women in the Army Auxiliary
Russian Women Soldiers
Russian Women Soldiers
SpiesSpies
“Mata Hari”
Real Name: Margareetha Geertruide Zelle
German Spy!
“Mata Hari”
Real Name: Margareetha Geertruide Zelle
German Spy!
Posters:Posters:
WartimeWartimePropaganPropagan
dada
Posters:Posters:
WartimeWartimePropaganPropagan
dada
Australian PosterAustralian Poster
American PosterAmerican Poster
Financing the WarFinancing the War
German PosterGerman Poster
Think of Your Children!Think of Your Children!
The The Western Western Front:Front:
A “War of A “War of
AttritionAttrition””
The The Western Western Front:Front:
A “War of A “War of
AttritionAttrition””
A Multi-Front WarA Multi-Front War
The Western FrontThe Western Front
Trench WarfareTrench Warfare
Trench WarfareTrench Warfare
““No Man’s No Man’s Land”Land”
““No Man’s No Man’s Land”Land”
Verdun – February, 1916
Verdun – February, 1916
German offensive.
Each side had 500,000 casualties.
German offensive.
Each side had 500,000 casualties.
The Somme – July, 1916
The Somme – July, 1916
60,000 British soldiers killed in one day.
Over 1,000,000 killed in 5 months.
60,000 British soldiers killed in one day.
Over 1,000,000 killed in 5 months.
War Is HELL !!War Is HELL !!
Sacrifices in WarSacrifices in War
Krupp’s “Big Bertha” GunKrupp’s “Big Bertha” Gun
TheTheEasternEastern
FrontFront
TheTheEasternEastern
FrontFront
The Gallipoli Disaster, 1915
The Gallipoli Disaster, 1915
Turkish Cavalry in Palestine
Turkish Cavalry in Palestine
T. E. Lawrence & the “Arab Revolt”,
1916-18
T. E. Lawrence & the “Arab Revolt”,
1916-18
T. E. Lawrence & Prince Faisal at Versailles, 1918-
19
T. E. Lawrence & Prince Faisal at Versailles, 1918-
19
The Tsar with General Brusilov
The Tsar with General Brusilov
TheThe“Colonial“Colonial
””FrontsFronts
TheThe“Colonial“Colonial
””FrontsFronts
Sikh British Soldiers in India
Sikh British Soldiers in India
Fighting in AfricaFighting in Africa
British Sikh Mountain Gunners
British Sikh Mountain Gunners
Black Soldiers in the German
Schutztruppen[German E. Africa]
Black Soldiers in the German
Schutztruppen[German E. Africa]
Fighting in AfricaFighting in Africa
3rd British Battalion, Nigerian Brigade3rd British Battalion, Nigerian Brigade
Fighting in Salonika, Greece
Fighting in Salonika, Greece
French colonial marine infantry fromCochin, China - 1916
French colonial marine infantry fromCochin, China - 1916
AmericAmericaa
JoinsJoinsthethe
AlliesAllies
AmericAmericaa
JoinsJoinsthethe
AlliesAllies
The Sinking of the Lusitania
1915
•Passengers, munitions for GB
The Sinking of the Lusitania
1915
•Passengers, munitions for GB
The Zimmerman Telegram 1917The Zimmerman Telegram 1917
The YanksAre
Coming!
1917
The YanksAre
Coming!
1917
Americans in the Trenches
Americans in the Trenches
The War of The War of thethe
Industrial Industrial Revolution:Revolution:
NewNewTechnologyTechnology
The War of The War of thethe
Industrial Industrial Revolution:Revolution:
NewNewTechnologyTechnology
French Renault TankFrench Renault Tank
British Tank at YpresBritish Tank at Ypres
U-BoatsU-Boats
Allied Ships Sunk by U-Boats
Allied Ships Sunk by U-Boats
The AirplaneThe Airplane
“Squadron Over the Brenta”
Max Edler von Poosch, 1917
“Squadron Over the Brenta”
Max Edler von Poosch, 1917
The Flying Aces of World War I
The Flying Aces of World War I
Eddie Rickenbacher, US
FrancescoBarraco, It.
Rene PaukFonck, Fr.
Manfred vonRichtoffen, Ger.
[The “Red Baron”]
Willy Coppens deHolthust, Belg.
Eddie “Mick”Mannoch, Br.
Curtis-Martin U. S. Aircraft Plant
Curtis-Martin U. S. Aircraft Plant
Looking for the “Red Baron?”
Looking for the “Red Baron?”
The ZeppelinThe Zeppelin
FlameThrowers
FlameThrowers
GrenadeLaunchersGrenade
Launchers
Poison Gas
Poison Gas
Machine Gun
Machine Gun
““Art”Art”ofof
WorldWorldWar IWar I
““Art”Art”ofof
WorldWorldWar IWar I
“A Street in Arras”John Singer Sargent, 1918
“A Street in Arras”John Singer Sargent, 1918
“Oppy Wood” – John Nash, 1917
“Oppy Wood” – John Nash, 1917
“Those Who Have Lost Their Names”
Albin Eggar-Linz, 1914
“Those Who Have Lost Their Names”
Albin Eggar-Linz, 1914
“Gassed and Wounded”Eric Kennington, 1918
“Gassed and Wounded”Eric Kennington, 1918
“Paths of Glory”C. R. W. Nevinson, 1917
“Paths of Glory”C. R. W. Nevinson, 1917
German Cartoon:“Fit for active service!”,
1918
German Cartoon:“Fit for active service!”,
1918
1918 Flu Pandemic: Depletes All Armies1918 Flu Pandemic: Depletes All Armies
50,000,000 – 50,000,000 – 100,000,000 died100,000,000 died
50,000,000 – 50,000,000 – 100,000,000 died100,000,000 died
1919 Flu Pandemic
Influenza 1918-1919
Kansas index case to American cities
2 months later on the front in Europe
2 months later in the civilian population in Europe
To Asia, Africa, back to Europe and N. America
20 million dead
11 a.m., November 11, 1918
11 a.m., November 11, 1918
The Armistice is Signed!
9,000,0009,000,000 DeadDead9,000,0009,000,000 DeadDead
The Somme American Cemetary, France
The Somme American Cemetary, France
116,516 Americans Died116,516 Americans Died116,516 Americans Died116,516 Americans Died
World War I CasualtiesWorld War I Casualties
01,000,0002,000,0003,000,0004,000,0005,000,0006,000,0007,000,0008,000,0009,000,000
10,000,000RussiaGermanyAustria-HungaryFranceGreat BritainItalyTurkeyUS
Treaty of Versailles 1919
Peace treaty that simply sets the stage for World War 2
More details to come…
Weimar Republic 1919-1933
Germany tried a democracy Forced on them Given no assistance No experience or history of
democracy Seriously flawed constitution…