Download - 1nm 1μm 1mm 1cm - global.toyota
Battery development environment: Design based on principles
Anode
Identification of degradation sitein the battery cell
Analysis from elemental level to battery cell level
(industry-leading analysis)
*Source: Knowledge Hub Aichi http://www.chinokyoten.pref.aichi.jp/
Confirmation of degradation phenomenon
Confirmation of degradation phenomenon
<An example of initiatives toward long service life>
Countermeasures by design
1cm1mm1μm1nm
Cathode
Anode
Elemental analysis of degraded materials
Transmission electronmicroscope
負極活物質Anode
Degraded materialscontaining lithium
<Utilization of advanced analytical equipment>
Knowledge Hub Aichi*
Spring-8
Unknown component?
Lithium carbonate ?
Organic compoundscontaining lithium?
<Use of outside organizations>
An example of a vast experiment<An example of initiatives toward long service life>
・Legal test・In-house standard test
Temperature
60℃
25℃
-30℃
・・・
・・・
・・・
Charging amount
(SOC: State of charge)
100%・・・
Electric current *
・・・
*Depends onbattery typeand degradation status
State ofdegradation Initial stage
・・・
Terminalstage
× × ×
<Battery use conditions based on vehicle running data>Battery Life Prediction
Various analyses from elements to battery cells
Analysis
Safety evaluation
Evolution of battery development environment
• Discovery of innovative materials
• Advanced manufacturing
AI・DXSimulation
Real-world data generation and accumulation
Experimentation Example of battery pack test
Cell evaluation equipment
Example of integrated vehicle and battery development
Understanding battery use environment based on vehicle running data Quick improvement of control system based on battery evaluation results
Battery cell and system evaluation at in-house facilities
Actualvehicle runningdata Temperature, voltage, current, capacity
Acquisition of data on resistance, output, etc.
Running test
Battery pack
500
1,000
1,500
Battery manufacturer A
Battery manufacturer B
Battery manufacturer C
Battery manufacturer DBattery manufacturer E
Number ofapplications
2015 2016 2017 2018Battery manufacturer F
Year of application
The Toyota Group has one of the highest numberof battery-related patent applications in the industry.
Comparison of number of patent applications*
Number of patent applications
*Based on Toyota survey
Future BEVs: Toward further improvement of electricity efficiency
Toward BEVs, pursuing further development of electricity efficiency improvement through technology cultivated through 18 1 million HEVs
Improvement ofelectric power train loss
・Optimal efficiency design and control of the entire power train system・Further expansion of energy regeneration
• Optimum energy and thermal management of the entire vehicle and components
• Reduction of vehicle running resistance to match the electric vehicles
• Ultra light weight• High efficiency• Expansion of area
Improvement of vehicle loss
High efficiencysolar cells
Bipolar nickel-metal hydride battery
Bipolar batteryConventional battery
Cathode
Large current
Compact
Bipolar electrode
Cell2
Cell3
Cell1
Cell2
Cell3
Terminal
Current
Cell1
Anode
Current collector
Separator
Case
Electrolyte
Improving power efficiency: Reducing waste and efficient use of energy
Items to improve power efficiency
Evolved thermal system for the entire vehicle
Reduction of tire rolling resistance Weight reduction Improvement of aerodynamics
③ Heat pump + use of waste heat
② Air conditioning for immediate surroundings
only
① Direct air conditioning
④ Reduction of airventilation loss
Among best in class:
Practical cruising range in winter Appropriately-sized
batteries at reasonable prices