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Workshop on Renewable Energies
November 14-25, 2005
Nadi, Republic of the Fiji Islands
Module 2.2Module 2.2--33
WIND TURBINE TECHNOLOGYWIND TURBINE TECHNOLOGY
Turbine TechnologyTurbine Technology
Gerhard J. Gerdes
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Contents Module 2.2Contents Module 2.2--33
Wind Turbine Technologies
Mechanical differences
Control differences
Pacific Region Issues
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types of
wind
turbines
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Hub
Rotor
Shaft
Gearbox
Generator
Tower
Nacelle
Different wind turbine concepts
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Source: BWE
Functional elements of the driveFunctional elements of the drive
traintrain example 1example 1
Hub
Spinner
BearingsGear boxBreakGenerator
Machine frame Azimuth bearings Azimuth drive
Separate bearings for: Rotor + Rotor shaft
Gear boxGenerator
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Functional elements of the driveFunctional elements of the drivetraintrain example 2example 2
Source: DeWind D8, 2002
Combined bearings for: Rotor + Rotor shaft and Gear Box
Moment support(Elastomere)
Hub
Conical rotor shaft
Azimuth drive Machine frame
CoolerGenerator
Coupling
Gear BoxRotor main bearing
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Fixed speed wind turbine with stallFixed speed wind turbine with stall
rotorrotor
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Wind turbine with gear box
blades fixed (stall control)
Wind turbine
with
gear box
Pitch
controlled
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Pitch controlled turbine withPitch controlled turbine with
induction generatorinduction generator
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GearboxGearbox--less windless wind
turbine with multiturbine with multi--polepole
ring generatorring generator
1. Machine frame
2. Azimut drive
3. Generator stator
4. Generator rotor
5. Rotor blade adaptor
6. Axle pivot
7. Rotor blade
0.6 MW to 4.5MW
40 to 112m rotor
diameter
pitch control,
variable rotor
speed
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TurbineTurbine withwith reducedreduced speedspeed
Multibrid turbine 5 MW
116m rotor
diameter
290 to weight
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Issues for specific design criteria for windIssues for specific design criteria for windturbines in the Pacific Regionturbines in the Pacific Region
Anti-corrosion and turbine cooling
example: Fortalezza, Brazil
Survival speed
option: laying down of the wind turbine, e.g. Vernier,
Aero Smart (SMA), Bergery?, Atlantic Orient?
Lattice or tubular tower less thrust?
but higher danger of corrosion?
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Survival speedSurvival speed m/sm/s
Standard Criteria Class I Class II Class III Class IV
GL Average wind speed Max. 10,0 m/s Max. 8,5 m/s Max. 7,5 m/s Max. 6,0 m/s
Max. 5 Sec. gust 65,1 m/s 55,3 m/s 48,8 m/s 39,1 m/s
Max. 10 Min gust 46,5 m/s 39,5 m/s 34,9 m/s 29,9 m/s
IEC Average wind speed Max. 11,0 m/s Max. 8,5 m/s Max. 7,5 m/s Max. 6,0 m/s
50 yearly gust 70,0 m/s 59,5 m/s 52,5 m/s 42,0 m/s
50 yearly wind 50,0 m/s 42,5 m/s 42,5 m/s 30,0 m/s
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Survival speedSurvival speed -- mphmph
Standard Criteria Class I Class II Class III Class IV
GL Average wind speed Max. 22,4 mph Max. 19,0 mph Max. 16,8 mph Max. 13,4 mph
Max. 5 Sec. gust 145,6 mph 123,7 mph 109,2 mph 87,5 mph
Max. 10 Min gust 104,0 mph 88,4 mph 78,1 mph 66,9 mph
IEC Average wind speed Max. 24,6 mph Max. 19,0 mph Max. 16,8 mph Max. 13,4 mph
50 yearly gust 156,6 mph 133,1 mph 117,4 mph 94,0 mph
50 yearly wind 111,8 mph 95,1 mph 95,1 mph 67,1 mph