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2nd Quarter Study Guide
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•SOME STUDY IS HIGHLY RECOMMENDED
BY THE MANAGEMENT
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•How many layers of the earth have we studied?
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•4
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•What is the outer later called, and what form is it?
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•Crust
•It is solid as a rock
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•What is the layer below the crust?
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•The Mantle
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•What form is the mantle?
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•It is pliable and flows slowly, like Silly Putty
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•What is the layer below the mantle, and what is its form?
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•The outer core is liquid
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•What is the outer core made of?
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•Iron and nickel
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•What is the lowest layer and what is its form?
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•The inner core is solid iron and nickel
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•What is the hottest part of the earth?
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•The inner core
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•If it is so hot, why is it solid?
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•The pressure of the rest of the earth makes its molecules squeeze tightly together
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•What part of the earth moves the outer plates?
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•The mantle is flowing in currents and moves the plates that float on top of it
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•What energy transfer method causes the mantle to flow?
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•CONVECTION
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•Are we allowed to talk during the quiz?
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•NO!• Talking may earn you an E
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•What is a divergent boundary?
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•2 plates moving apart
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•What is a convergent boundary?
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•2 plates moving together
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•What is a transform boundary?
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•2 plates sliding past each other like 2 trains on parallel tracks
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•What is a subduction zone?
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•The place where one plate is sliding under another in a convergent boundary
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•How fast do the plates move?
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•Usually only a centimeter or 2 per year, but India is clocked at 20 cm/yr
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•Where is a convergent boundary?
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•Washington and Oregon
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•Where is a transform boundary?
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•Much of the coast of California
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•Where is a Divergent boundary?
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•The riff valley in Ethiopia
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•How do we know Pangaea really existed?
![Page 44: 2 nd Quarter Study Guide. SOME STUDY IS HIGHLY RECOMMENDED BY THE MANAGEMENT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e3c5503460f94b2eab5/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
• Coal in Antartica
• The shapes of the continents
• Identical fossils around the world
• Identical rocks around the world
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• How often does the earth wobble on it’s axis?
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•23,000 years
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• Trade winds and ocean currents normally cause what water conditions off the coast of South America?
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• Cold water and relatively dry air
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• What happens to the water temperature off the South American coast during El Nino?
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• It gets warm. The air gets much more humid. The fish go away
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• During El Nino, what happens to our weather in the United states?
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• Places that are normally dry get wet and places that are normally wet get dry.
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• When hot water is poured into cold, what happens?
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• What happens when salt water is poured into cold water?
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• What will happen when muddy water is poured into cold water?
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• what is the relationship between the average velocity of a slurry and its density?
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• In the ocean, the denser the mixture, the faster it will go
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• What happens to the density of a density current as it travels down a silt covered ocean bottom slope?
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• The density increases.
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• What happens to the speed of a density current in the ocean as it moves down the slope?
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• It increases as it picks up more density.
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• In the ocean, what happens to the speed of a density current as the slope of the ocean floor increases?
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• The speed of the current increases.
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Keep going
![Page 65: 2 nd Quarter Study Guide. SOME STUDY IS HIGHLY RECOMMENDED BY THE MANAGEMENT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e3c5503460f94b2eab5/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
CLOSE OR FAR?
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• The S wave starts pretty close to when the P wave started, so the epicenter is not too far away
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CLOSE OR FAR?
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• The S wave starts farther from when the P wave started, so the epicenter is farther away
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•What is one thing a seismograph tells us?
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•How far it is to the epicenter
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•What is the other thing a seismograph tells us?
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•How strong the quake was
![Page 73: 2 nd Quarter Study Guide. SOME STUDY IS HIGHLY RECOMMENDED BY THE MANAGEMENT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e3c5503460f94b2eab5/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
•What is the focus of an earthquake?
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•The focus is the place deep underground where the quake actually happened
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•What is the epicenter of an earthquake?
![Page 76: 2 nd Quarter Study Guide. SOME STUDY IS HIGHLY RECOMMENDED BY THE MANAGEMENT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e3c5503460f94b2eab5/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
• The place on the surface directly over the focus of the quake
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![Page 78: 2 nd Quarter Study Guide. SOME STUDY IS HIGHLY RECOMMENDED BY THE MANAGEMENT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e3c5503460f94b2eab5/html5/thumbnails/78.jpg)
• How many seismographs do we need to know exactly where an earthquake is located?
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•THREE seismographs are used
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• What is it called when we use 3 seismographs to determine the location of a quake?
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TRIANGULATION
![Page 82: 2 nd Quarter Study Guide. SOME STUDY IS HIGHLY RECOMMENDED BY THE MANAGEMENT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e3c5503460f94b2eab5/html5/thumbnails/82.jpg)
What is the amplitude?
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• The distance from the ZERO line up to the highest point of the wave
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• Do we have earthquakes in Maryland?
![Page 85: 2 nd Quarter Study Guide. SOME STUDY IS HIGHLY RECOMMENDED BY THE MANAGEMENT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e3c5503460f94b2eab5/html5/thumbnails/85.jpg)
Yes, but they are small ones - -
SO FAR!
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•Why are Maryland’s earthquakes so small?
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• Because we don’t have any major tectonic zones nearby (that we know of)
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How long does it take the S wave?
![Page 89: 2 nd Quarter Study Guide. SOME STUDY IS HIGHLY RECOMMENDED BY THE MANAGEMENT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e3c5503460f94b2eab5/html5/thumbnails/89.jpg)
50 seconds
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•What does high amplitude mean about the quake?
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•Either the quake is large or it is very close
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• What is the definition of a mineral?
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A mineral is a
NATURALLY OCCURING
INORGANIC SOLID
that has
ONE CHEMICAL FORMULA
![Page 94: 2 nd Quarter Study Guide. SOME STUDY IS HIGHLY RECOMMENDED BY THE MANAGEMENT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e3c5503460f94b2eab5/html5/thumbnails/94.jpg)
•What does naturally occurring mean?
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• It occurs in nature and doesn’t have to be made by man
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•What does inorganic mean?
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• IT IS NOT CARBON BASED, like diamonds, coal, graphite and charcoal are
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• Name 1 property that can be used to identify minerals.
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• Name 1 property that can be used to identify minerals.
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• COLOR
• LUSTER
• STREAK
• SPECIFIC GRAVITY
• HARDNESS
• CLEAVAGE
• CRYSTAL SHAPE
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• Define specific gravity.
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•Specific gravity is the density of the moneral compared to the density of water
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•What is the specific gravity of water?
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1
ONE
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• What is Archimedes Principle that we use to determine the volume of a rock?
![Page 106: 2 nd Quarter Study Guide. SOME STUDY IS HIGHLY RECOMMENDED BY THE MANAGEMENT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e3c5503460f94b2eab5/html5/thumbnails/106.jpg)
•An object in water will appear lighter by the weight of the volume of water it displaces
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• Non metallic rocks usually have a specific gravity of less than _____.
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5
![Page 109: 2 nd Quarter Study Guide. SOME STUDY IS HIGHLY RECOMMENDED BY THE MANAGEMENT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e3c5503460f94b2eab5/html5/thumbnails/109.jpg)
• Metallic rocks usually have a specific gravity of Greater than than _____.
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5
![Page 111: 2 nd Quarter Study Guide. SOME STUDY IS HIGHLY RECOMMENDED BY THE MANAGEMENT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e3c5503460f94b2eab5/html5/thumbnails/111.jpg)
Where did it harden?
![Page 112: 2 nd Quarter Study Guide. SOME STUDY IS HIGHLY RECOMMENDED BY THE MANAGEMENT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e3c5503460f94b2eab5/html5/thumbnails/112.jpg)
NO (OR SMALL) CRYSTALS
=
OUTSIDE THE EARTH
![Page 113: 2 nd Quarter Study Guide. SOME STUDY IS HIGHLY RECOMMENDED BY THE MANAGEMENT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e3c5503460f94b2eab5/html5/thumbnails/113.jpg)
So what type is it?
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EXTRUSIVE
![Page 115: 2 nd Quarter Study Guide. SOME STUDY IS HIGHLY RECOMMENDED BY THE MANAGEMENT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e3c5503460f94b2eab5/html5/thumbnails/115.jpg)
Where did it harden?
![Page 116: 2 nd Quarter Study Guide. SOME STUDY IS HIGHLY RECOMMENDED BY THE MANAGEMENT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e3c5503460f94b2eab5/html5/thumbnails/116.jpg)
LARGE CRYSTALS
=
INSIDE THE EARTH
![Page 117: 2 nd Quarter Study Guide. SOME STUDY IS HIGHLY RECOMMENDED BY THE MANAGEMENT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e3c5503460f94b2eab5/html5/thumbnails/117.jpg)
So what type is it?
![Page 118: 2 nd Quarter Study Guide. SOME STUDY IS HIGHLY RECOMMENDED BY THE MANAGEMENT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e3c5503460f94b2eab5/html5/thumbnails/118.jpg)
•INTRUSIVE
![Page 119: 2 nd Quarter Study Guide. SOME STUDY IS HIGHLY RECOMMENDED BY THE MANAGEMENT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e3c5503460f94b2eab5/html5/thumbnails/119.jpg)
•Basaltic rocks are _________
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•DARK COLORED
![Page 121: 2 nd Quarter Study Guide. SOME STUDY IS HIGHLY RECOMMENDED BY THE MANAGEMENT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e3c5503460f94b2eab5/html5/thumbnails/121.jpg)
•Granitic rocks are _________
![Page 122: 2 nd Quarter Study Guide. SOME STUDY IS HIGHLY RECOMMENDED BY THE MANAGEMENT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e3c5503460f94b2eab5/html5/thumbnails/122.jpg)
•LIGHT COLORED
![Page 123: 2 nd Quarter Study Guide. SOME STUDY IS HIGHLY RECOMMENDED BY THE MANAGEMENT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e3c5503460f94b2eab5/html5/thumbnails/123.jpg)
•Andedcitic rocks are _________
![Page 124: 2 nd Quarter Study Guide. SOME STUDY IS HIGHLY RECOMMENDED BY THE MANAGEMENT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e3c5503460f94b2eab5/html5/thumbnails/124.jpg)
•MEDIUM COLORED
![Page 125: 2 nd Quarter Study Guide. SOME STUDY IS HIGHLY RECOMMENDED BY THE MANAGEMENT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e3c5503460f94b2eab5/html5/thumbnails/125.jpg)
•What is weathering?
![Page 126: 2 nd Quarter Study Guide. SOME STUDY IS HIGHLY RECOMMENDED BY THE MANAGEMENT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e3c5503460f94b2eab5/html5/thumbnails/126.jpg)
•The natural breakdown of rocks
![Page 127: 2 nd Quarter Study Guide. SOME STUDY IS HIGHLY RECOMMENDED BY THE MANAGEMENT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e3c5503460f94b2eab5/html5/thumbnails/127.jpg)
•What are the 3 types of weathering?
![Page 128: 2 nd Quarter Study Guide. SOME STUDY IS HIGHLY RECOMMENDED BY THE MANAGEMENT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e3c5503460f94b2eab5/html5/thumbnails/128.jpg)
•MECHANICAL
•CHEMICAL
•BIOLOGICAL
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•How do we know mechanical weathering?
![Page 130: 2 nd Quarter Study Guide. SOME STUDY IS HIGHLY RECOMMENDED BY THE MANAGEMENT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e3c5503460f94b2eab5/html5/thumbnails/130.jpg)
•MOVEMENT INDICATES MECHANICAL
![Page 131: 2 nd Quarter Study Guide. SOME STUDY IS HIGHLY RECOMMENDED BY THE MANAGEMENT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e3c5503460f94b2eab5/html5/thumbnails/131.jpg)
• How does “abrasion?” wear away rock?
![Page 132: 2 nd Quarter Study Guide. SOME STUDY IS HIGHLY RECOMMENDED BY THE MANAGEMENT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e3c5503460f94b2eab5/html5/thumbnails/132.jpg)
•Bits of sand carried by wind or water scratch away the rock
![Page 133: 2 nd Quarter Study Guide. SOME STUDY IS HIGHLY RECOMMENDED BY THE MANAGEMENT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e3c5503460f94b2eab5/html5/thumbnails/133.jpg)
• . Does air or water abrasion do more weathering?
![Page 134: 2 nd Quarter Study Guide. SOME STUDY IS HIGHLY RECOMMENDED BY THE MANAGEMENT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e3c5503460f94b2eab5/html5/thumbnails/134.jpg)
•WATER
![Page 135: 2 nd Quarter Study Guide. SOME STUDY IS HIGHLY RECOMMENDED BY THE MANAGEMENT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e3c5503460f94b2eab5/html5/thumbnails/135.jpg)
• . What is exfoliation?
![Page 136: 2 nd Quarter Study Guide. SOME STUDY IS HIGHLY RECOMMENDED BY THE MANAGEMENT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e3c5503460f94b2eab5/html5/thumbnails/136.jpg)
•When rock peals away in layers
![Page 137: 2 nd Quarter Study Guide. SOME STUDY IS HIGHLY RECOMMENDED BY THE MANAGEMENT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e3c5503460f94b2eab5/html5/thumbnails/137.jpg)
•What causes exfoliation?
![Page 138: 2 nd Quarter Study Guide. SOME STUDY IS HIGHLY RECOMMENDED BY THE MANAGEMENT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e3c5503460f94b2eab5/html5/thumbnails/138.jpg)
• Rapid Heating and cooling cycles like you would have between day and night.
![Page 139: 2 nd Quarter Study Guide. SOME STUDY IS HIGHLY RECOMMENDED BY THE MANAGEMENT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e3c5503460f94b2eab5/html5/thumbnails/139.jpg)
• . How does frost wedging work?
![Page 140: 2 nd Quarter Study Guide. SOME STUDY IS HIGHLY RECOMMENDED BY THE MANAGEMENT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e3c5503460f94b2eab5/html5/thumbnails/140.jpg)
•Water enters a crack
•Freezes & expands
•Pries apart the rock
![Page 141: 2 nd Quarter Study Guide. SOME STUDY IS HIGHLY RECOMMENDED BY THE MANAGEMENT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e3c5503460f94b2eab5/html5/thumbnails/141.jpg)
• How do landslides cause rock to weather?
![Page 142: 2 nd Quarter Study Guide. SOME STUDY IS HIGHLY RECOMMENDED BY THE MANAGEMENT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e3c5503460f94b2eab5/html5/thumbnails/142.jpg)
•They break the rocks by crashing them down the hill
![Page 143: 2 nd Quarter Study Guide. SOME STUDY IS HIGHLY RECOMMENDED BY THE MANAGEMENT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e3c5503460f94b2eab5/html5/thumbnails/143.jpg)
• What is “unloading,” and how does it affect rock?
![Page 144: 2 nd Quarter Study Guide. SOME STUDY IS HIGHLY RECOMMENDED BY THE MANAGEMENT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e3c5503460f94b2eab5/html5/thumbnails/144.jpg)
• Unloading is when a deeply burried rock has the overlaying rock unloaded from on top of it.
• When the weight is removed, the lower rock will often expand and crack
![Page 145: 2 nd Quarter Study Guide. SOME STUDY IS HIGHLY RECOMMENDED BY THE MANAGEMENT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e3c5503460f94b2eab5/html5/thumbnails/145.jpg)
•What is “Chemical Weathering?”
![Page 146: 2 nd Quarter Study Guide. SOME STUDY IS HIGHLY RECOMMENDED BY THE MANAGEMENT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e3c5503460f94b2eab5/html5/thumbnails/146.jpg)
•Breakdown of a rock by chemicals such as acid rain or oxygen
![Page 147: 2 nd Quarter Study Guide. SOME STUDY IS HIGHLY RECOMMENDED BY THE MANAGEMENT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e3c5503460f94b2eab5/html5/thumbnails/147.jpg)
• How does acid rain affect chemical weathering?
![Page 148: 2 nd Quarter Study Guide. SOME STUDY IS HIGHLY RECOMMENDED BY THE MANAGEMENT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e3c5503460f94b2eab5/html5/thumbnails/148.jpg)
•It dissolves the rock
![Page 149: 2 nd Quarter Study Guide. SOME STUDY IS HIGHLY RECOMMENDED BY THE MANAGEMENT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e3c5503460f94b2eab5/html5/thumbnails/149.jpg)
•What is a “sinkhole?”
![Page 150: 2 nd Quarter Study Guide. SOME STUDY IS HIGHLY RECOMMENDED BY THE MANAGEMENT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e3c5503460f94b2eab5/html5/thumbnails/150.jpg)
•A hole in the ground often caused by the collapse of part of the roof of a cave
![Page 151: 2 nd Quarter Study Guide. SOME STUDY IS HIGHLY RECOMMENDED BY THE MANAGEMENT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e3c5503460f94b2eab5/html5/thumbnails/151.jpg)
•What types of rock tends to support sinkholes?
![Page 152: 2 nd Quarter Study Guide. SOME STUDY IS HIGHLY RECOMMENDED BY THE MANAGEMENT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e3c5503460f94b2eab5/html5/thumbnails/152.jpg)
•Carbonate rocks such as limestone, calcite, and marble
![Page 153: 2 nd Quarter Study Guide. SOME STUDY IS HIGHLY RECOMMENDED BY THE MANAGEMENT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e3c5503460f94b2eab5/html5/thumbnails/153.jpg)
• What is a famous and beautiful example of chemical weathering?
![Page 154: 2 nd Quarter Study Guide. SOME STUDY IS HIGHLY RECOMMENDED BY THE MANAGEMENT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e3c5503460f94b2eab5/html5/thumbnails/154.jpg)
•Luray Caverns
•Mammoth Cave
![Page 155: 2 nd Quarter Study Guide. SOME STUDY IS HIGHLY RECOMMENDED BY THE MANAGEMENT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e3c5503460f94b2eab5/html5/thumbnails/155.jpg)
• . What can oxygen bring about in the rock?
![Page 156: 2 nd Quarter Study Guide. SOME STUDY IS HIGHLY RECOMMENDED BY THE MANAGEMENT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e3c5503460f94b2eab5/html5/thumbnails/156.jpg)
• Rust
• Rust takes up more room than the unrusted metal, so it weakens the rock
![Page 157: 2 nd Quarter Study Guide. SOME STUDY IS HIGHLY RECOMMENDED BY THE MANAGEMENT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e3c5503460f94b2eab5/html5/thumbnails/157.jpg)
•What is “Biological Weathering?”
![Page 158: 2 nd Quarter Study Guide. SOME STUDY IS HIGHLY RECOMMENDED BY THE MANAGEMENT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e3c5503460f94b2eab5/html5/thumbnails/158.jpg)
•Breakdown of rock by living things like plants and animals
![Page 159: 2 nd Quarter Study Guide. SOME STUDY IS HIGHLY RECOMMENDED BY THE MANAGEMENT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e3c5503460f94b2eab5/html5/thumbnails/159.jpg)
•How do lichens start the weathering process in rocks?
![Page 160: 2 nd Quarter Study Guide. SOME STUDY IS HIGHLY RECOMMENDED BY THE MANAGEMENT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e3c5503460f94b2eab5/html5/thumbnails/160.jpg)
•They release acid that slowly etches the rock
![Page 161: 2 nd Quarter Study Guide. SOME STUDY IS HIGHLY RECOMMENDED BY THE MANAGEMENT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e3c5503460f94b2eab5/html5/thumbnails/161.jpg)
• How does moss affect the weathering process?
![Page 162: 2 nd Quarter Study Guide. SOME STUDY IS HIGHLY RECOMMENDED BY THE MANAGEMENT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e3c5503460f94b2eab5/html5/thumbnails/162.jpg)
• Moss follows lichens and builds up a soil base for larger plants to grow in.
• It can also hold acid rain against the rock like a wet sponge
![Page 163: 2 nd Quarter Study Guide. SOME STUDY IS HIGHLY RECOMMENDED BY THE MANAGEMENT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e3c5503460f94b2eab5/html5/thumbnails/163.jpg)
•What is “Root Wedging?”
![Page 164: 2 nd Quarter Study Guide. SOME STUDY IS HIGHLY RECOMMENDED BY THE MANAGEMENT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e3c5503460f94b2eab5/html5/thumbnails/164.jpg)
• Tree roots can get into a crack in the rock, grow larger and pry the rock apart
![Page 165: 2 nd Quarter Study Guide. SOME STUDY IS HIGHLY RECOMMENDED BY THE MANAGEMENT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e3c5503460f94b2eab5/html5/thumbnails/165.jpg)
•What is “tallus”?
![Page 166: 2 nd Quarter Study Guide. SOME STUDY IS HIGHLY RECOMMENDED BY THE MANAGEMENT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e3c5503460f94b2eab5/html5/thumbnails/166.jpg)
• Piles of rock chunks that are slowly moving down a mountain. They grind themselves into smaller pieces
![Page 167: 2 nd Quarter Study Guide. SOME STUDY IS HIGHLY RECOMMENDED BY THE MANAGEMENT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e3c5503460f94b2eab5/html5/thumbnails/167.jpg)
• What rock is the first rock in the “Rock Cycle?”
![Page 168: 2 nd Quarter Study Guide. SOME STUDY IS HIGHLY RECOMMENDED BY THE MANAGEMENT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e3c5503460f94b2eab5/html5/thumbnails/168.jpg)
• Igneous rock was the first to form on earth, so it is first in the rock cycle
![Page 169: 2 nd Quarter Study Guide. SOME STUDY IS HIGHLY RECOMMENDED BY THE MANAGEMENT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e3c5503460f94b2eab5/html5/thumbnails/169.jpg)
• Why is one characteristic not enough to identify a mineral or rock?
![Page 170: 2 nd Quarter Study Guide. SOME STUDY IS HIGHLY RECOMMENDED BY THE MANAGEMENT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e3c5503460f94b2eab5/html5/thumbnails/170.jpg)
•Because 100 different rocks could have that exact same trait
![Page 171: 2 nd Quarter Study Guide. SOME STUDY IS HIGHLY RECOMMENDED BY THE MANAGEMENT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e3c5503460f94b2eab5/html5/thumbnails/171.jpg)
• How does weathering affect the crust of the earth?
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• It breaks down rocks into sediment and allows it to wash away into bodies of water
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What are “clasts?”
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•Small bits and pieces that break off of weathered rock
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• What is the main thing that tells you when weathering is Mechanical?
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• There is movement - - like machines move
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• What is the main thing that tells you when weathering is chemical?
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• The thing doing the weathering is a chemical - - like acid rain or oxygen
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•What is the main thing that tells you when weathering is biological?
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• Whatever is causing the weathering is ALIVE. This over rides any other cause. If a living thing causes movement, it is still biological, NOT mechanical
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Didn’t we learn a lot!
Keep Going!
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Quiz review for the Rock Cycle
& Sedimentary & Metamorphic
Rocks
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• Where does sedimentary rock almost always form?
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•UNDER WATER
![Page 185: 2 nd Quarter Study Guide. SOME STUDY IS HIGHLY RECOMMENDED BY THE MANAGEMENT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e3c5503460f94b2eab5/html5/thumbnails/185.jpg)
• Where does Metamorphic rock almost always form?
![Page 186: 2 nd Quarter Study Guide. SOME STUDY IS HIGHLY RECOMMENDED BY THE MANAGEMENT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e3c5503460f94b2eab5/html5/thumbnails/186.jpg)
•Deep in the ground
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• For any rock to become sedimentary rock, what process must happen to it first?
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•It must be WEATHERED into small bits, like dust, sand or pebbles
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• For any rock to become Metamorphic rock, what must happen to change it?
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HEAT
Or
PRESSURE
Or
HOT WATER UNDER PRESSURE
Or all 3
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• For any rock to become igneous rock, what must happen to it first?
![Page 192: 2 nd Quarter Study Guide. SOME STUDY IS HIGHLY RECOMMENDED BY THE MANAGEMENT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e3c5503460f94b2eab5/html5/thumbnails/192.jpg)
•It must MELT
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• What is Clastic sedimentary rock?
![Page 194: 2 nd Quarter Study Guide. SOME STUDY IS HIGHLY RECOMMENDED BY THE MANAGEMENT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e3c5503460f94b2eab5/html5/thumbnails/194.jpg)
•Sedimentary rock made up of small pieces of weathered rock
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• A Clastic sedimentary rock composed mostly of sand is called ________.
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•SANDSTONE
![Page 197: 2 nd Quarter Study Guide. SOME STUDY IS HIGHLY RECOMMENDED BY THE MANAGEMENT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e3c5503460f94b2eab5/html5/thumbnails/197.jpg)
• A Clastic sedimentary rock composed mostly of clay is called ________.
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•CLAYSTONE
![Page 199: 2 nd Quarter Study Guide. SOME STUDY IS HIGHLY RECOMMENDED BY THE MANAGEMENT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e3c5503460f94b2eab5/html5/thumbnails/199.jpg)
A Clastic sedimentary rock composed mostly of silt is called ________.
![Page 200: 2 nd Quarter Study Guide. SOME STUDY IS HIGHLY RECOMMENDED BY THE MANAGEMENT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e3c5503460f94b2eab5/html5/thumbnails/200.jpg)
•SHALE
![Page 201: 2 nd Quarter Study Guide. SOME STUDY IS HIGHLY RECOMMENDED BY THE MANAGEMENT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e3c5503460f94b2eab5/html5/thumbnails/201.jpg)
• A Clastic sedimentary rock composed mostly of sand and rounded pebbles is called ________.
![Page 202: 2 nd Quarter Study Guide. SOME STUDY IS HIGHLY RECOMMENDED BY THE MANAGEMENT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e3c5503460f94b2eab5/html5/thumbnails/202.jpg)
•CONGLOMERATE
•Looks like concrete
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• A Clastic sedimentary rock composed mostly of sand and small broken rocks is called ________.
![Page 204: 2 nd Quarter Study Guide. SOME STUDY IS HIGHLY RECOMMENDED BY THE MANAGEMENT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e3c5503460f94b2eab5/html5/thumbnails/204.jpg)
•BRECCIA
![Page 205: 2 nd Quarter Study Guide. SOME STUDY IS HIGHLY RECOMMENDED BY THE MANAGEMENT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e3c5503460f94b2eab5/html5/thumbnails/205.jpg)
• What makes a sedimentary rock Organic?
![Page 206: 2 nd Quarter Study Guide. SOME STUDY IS HIGHLY RECOMMENDED BY THE MANAGEMENT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e3c5503460f94b2eab5/html5/thumbnails/206.jpg)
• If it is made of once living things, or contains once living things, it is ORGANIC
![Page 207: 2 nd Quarter Study Guide. SOME STUDY IS HIGHLY RECOMMENDED BY THE MANAGEMENT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e3c5503460f94b2eab5/html5/thumbnails/207.jpg)
• An organic sedimentary rock composed mostly of tiny shells is called ________.
![Page 208: 2 nd Quarter Study Guide. SOME STUDY IS HIGHLY RECOMMENDED BY THE MANAGEMENT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e3c5503460f94b2eab5/html5/thumbnails/208.jpg)
•Coquina
![Page 209: 2 nd Quarter Study Guide. SOME STUDY IS HIGHLY RECOMMENDED BY THE MANAGEMENT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e3c5503460f94b2eab5/html5/thumbnails/209.jpg)
• An organic sedimentary rock that is made from disolved shells and deposited chemically by precipitation is called ________.
![Page 210: 2 nd Quarter Study Guide. SOME STUDY IS HIGHLY RECOMMENDED BY THE MANAGEMENT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e3c5503460f94b2eab5/html5/thumbnails/210.jpg)
•LIMESTONE
![Page 211: 2 nd Quarter Study Guide. SOME STUDY IS HIGHLY RECOMMENDED BY THE MANAGEMENT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e3c5503460f94b2eab5/html5/thumbnails/211.jpg)
• Rock that was precipitated by evaporating water and was never alive is called _________ sedimentary rock.
![Page 212: 2 nd Quarter Study Guide. SOME STUDY IS HIGHLY RECOMMENDED BY THE MANAGEMENT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e3c5503460f94b2eab5/html5/thumbnails/212.jpg)
•CHEMICAL
![Page 213: 2 nd Quarter Study Guide. SOME STUDY IS HIGHLY RECOMMENDED BY THE MANAGEMENT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e3c5503460f94b2eab5/html5/thumbnails/213.jpg)
• What are 2 examples of chemical sedimentary rock?
![Page 214: 2 nd Quarter Study Guide. SOME STUDY IS HIGHLY RECOMMENDED BY THE MANAGEMENT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e3c5503460f94b2eab5/html5/thumbnails/214.jpg)
•Salt
•Gypsum
![Page 215: 2 nd Quarter Study Guide. SOME STUDY IS HIGHLY RECOMMENDED BY THE MANAGEMENT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e3c5503460f94b2eab5/html5/thumbnails/215.jpg)
What is peat made of?
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•Dead MOSS
![Page 217: 2 nd Quarter Study Guide. SOME STUDY IS HIGHLY RECOMMENDED BY THE MANAGEMENT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e3c5503460f94b2eab5/html5/thumbnails/217.jpg)
•What is all coal made of?
![Page 218: 2 nd Quarter Study Guide. SOME STUDY IS HIGHLY RECOMMENDED BY THE MANAGEMENT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e3c5503460f94b2eab5/html5/thumbnails/218.jpg)
•Mostly peat, ferns, and ancient conifer trees
![Page 219: 2 nd Quarter Study Guide. SOME STUDY IS HIGHLY RECOMMENDED BY THE MANAGEMENT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e3c5503460f94b2eab5/html5/thumbnails/219.jpg)
• The first stage of coal that is a true rock is called _____________ or brown coal
![Page 220: 2 nd Quarter Study Guide. SOME STUDY IS HIGHLY RECOMMENDED BY THE MANAGEMENT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e3c5503460f94b2eab5/html5/thumbnails/220.jpg)
•Lignite
![Page 221: 2 nd Quarter Study Guide. SOME STUDY IS HIGHLY RECOMMENDED BY THE MANAGEMENT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e3c5503460f94b2eab5/html5/thumbnails/221.jpg)
• The second stage of coal that is a true sedimentary rock is called _________ Coal
![Page 222: 2 nd Quarter Study Guide. SOME STUDY IS HIGHLY RECOMMENDED BY THE MANAGEMENT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e3c5503460f94b2eab5/html5/thumbnails/222.jpg)
• BITUMINOUS
(It is also referred to as soft coal)
![Page 223: 2 nd Quarter Study Guide. SOME STUDY IS HIGHLY RECOMMENDED BY THE MANAGEMENT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e3c5503460f94b2eab5/html5/thumbnails/223.jpg)
• Sometime after a thick layer of plants formed in the coal fields, what had to have happened to cause them to be covered with sedimentary rock?
![Page 224: 2 nd Quarter Study Guide. SOME STUDY IS HIGHLY RECOMMENDED BY THE MANAGEMENT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e3c5503460f94b2eab5/html5/thumbnails/224.jpg)
• The area had to be flooded underwater so that sediment could cover the dead plants
![Page 225: 2 nd Quarter Study Guide. SOME STUDY IS HIGHLY RECOMMENDED BY THE MANAGEMENT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e3c5503460f94b2eab5/html5/thumbnails/225.jpg)
• Why must sedimentary rock always cover coal?
![Page 226: 2 nd Quarter Study Guide. SOME STUDY IS HIGHLY RECOMMENDED BY THE MANAGEMENT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e3c5503460f94b2eab5/html5/thumbnails/226.jpg)
• The sedimentary rock is what provides the pressure to make coal from organic matter
![Page 227: 2 nd Quarter Study Guide. SOME STUDY IS HIGHLY RECOMMENDED BY THE MANAGEMENT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e3c5503460f94b2eab5/html5/thumbnails/227.jpg)
• Bituminous coal that becomes metamorphic is called ______________
![Page 228: 2 nd Quarter Study Guide. SOME STUDY IS HIGHLY RECOMMENDED BY THE MANAGEMENT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e3c5503460f94b2eab5/html5/thumbnails/228.jpg)
• Anthricite is the metamorphic type of coal
• (also called hard coal)
![Page 229: 2 nd Quarter Study Guide. SOME STUDY IS HIGHLY RECOMMENDED BY THE MANAGEMENT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e3c5503460f94b2eab5/html5/thumbnails/229.jpg)
There are 2 main classes of metamorphic rock they are:
__________ metamorphic rocks and__________ metamorphic rocks
![Page 230: 2 nd Quarter Study Guide. SOME STUDY IS HIGHLY RECOMMENDED BY THE MANAGEMENT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e3c5503460f94b2eab5/html5/thumbnails/230.jpg)
•Foliated
•Non-foliated
![Page 231: 2 nd Quarter Study Guide. SOME STUDY IS HIGHLY RECOMMENDED BY THE MANAGEMENT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e3c5503460f94b2eab5/html5/thumbnails/231.jpg)
• Limestone that becomes metamorphic is called __________.
![Page 232: 2 nd Quarter Study Guide. SOME STUDY IS HIGHLY RECOMMENDED BY THE MANAGEMENT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e3c5503460f94b2eab5/html5/thumbnails/232.jpg)
•Marble
![Page 233: 2 nd Quarter Study Guide. SOME STUDY IS HIGHLY RECOMMENDED BY THE MANAGEMENT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e3c5503460f94b2eab5/html5/thumbnails/233.jpg)
• Shale that becomes metamorphic is called __________.
![Page 234: 2 nd Quarter Study Guide. SOME STUDY IS HIGHLY RECOMMENDED BY THE MANAGEMENT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e3c5503460f94b2eab5/html5/thumbnails/234.jpg)
•SLATE
![Page 235: 2 nd Quarter Study Guide. SOME STUDY IS HIGHLY RECOMMENDED BY THE MANAGEMENT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e3c5503460f94b2eab5/html5/thumbnails/235.jpg)
• Claystone that becomes metamorphic is called________
![Page 236: 2 nd Quarter Study Guide. SOME STUDY IS HIGHLY RECOMMENDED BY THE MANAGEMENT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e3c5503460f94b2eab5/html5/thumbnails/236.jpg)
• Can become Slate, Phylite or mica depending on conditions
![Page 237: 2 nd Quarter Study Guide. SOME STUDY IS HIGHLY RECOMMENDED BY THE MANAGEMENT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e3c5503460f94b2eab5/html5/thumbnails/237.jpg)
• Phylite, a metamorphic rock already, that is subjected to more heat and pressure becomes ______________
![Page 238: 2 nd Quarter Study Guide. SOME STUDY IS HIGHLY RECOMMENDED BY THE MANAGEMENT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e3c5503460f94b2eab5/html5/thumbnails/238.jpg)
•Mica
![Page 239: 2 nd Quarter Study Guide. SOME STUDY IS HIGHLY RECOMMENDED BY THE MANAGEMENT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e3c5503460f94b2eab5/html5/thumbnails/239.jpg)
• Sandstone that becomes metamorphic is called ____________________
![Page 240: 2 nd Quarter Study Guide. SOME STUDY IS HIGHLY RECOMMENDED BY THE MANAGEMENT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e3c5503460f94b2eab5/html5/thumbnails/240.jpg)
•Quartzite
![Page 241: 2 nd Quarter Study Guide. SOME STUDY IS HIGHLY RECOMMENDED BY THE MANAGEMENT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e3c5503460f94b2eab5/html5/thumbnails/241.jpg)
•Basalt that becomes metamorphic is called ________________.
![Page 242: 2 nd Quarter Study Guide. SOME STUDY IS HIGHLY RECOMMENDED BY THE MANAGEMENT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e3c5503460f94b2eab5/html5/thumbnails/242.jpg)
•Amphibolite
![Page 243: 2 nd Quarter Study Guide. SOME STUDY IS HIGHLY RECOMMENDED BY THE MANAGEMENT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e3c5503460f94b2eab5/html5/thumbnails/243.jpg)
•What is a foliated metamorphic rock?
![Page 244: 2 nd Quarter Study Guide. SOME STUDY IS HIGHLY RECOMMENDED BY THE MANAGEMENT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e3c5503460f94b2eab5/html5/thumbnails/244.jpg)
•Metamorphic rock with layers or bands of different color flattened crystals
![Page 245: 2 nd Quarter Study Guide. SOME STUDY IS HIGHLY RECOMMENDED BY THE MANAGEMENT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e3c5503460f94b2eab5/html5/thumbnails/245.jpg)
What is a Non-foliated metamorphic rock?
![Page 246: 2 nd Quarter Study Guide. SOME STUDY IS HIGHLY RECOMMENDED BY THE MANAGEMENT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e3c5503460f94b2eab5/html5/thumbnails/246.jpg)
•Anthracite
•Marble
•Quartzite
![Page 247: 2 nd Quarter Study Guide. SOME STUDY IS HIGHLY RECOMMENDED BY THE MANAGEMENT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e3c5503460f94b2eab5/html5/thumbnails/247.jpg)
What causes metamorphic rock to become foliated?
![Page 248: 2 nd Quarter Study Guide. SOME STUDY IS HIGHLY RECOMMENDED BY THE MANAGEMENT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e3c5503460f94b2eab5/html5/thumbnails/248.jpg)
• The crystals in the rock flatten out and fuse together at 90 degrees to the direction of the pressure applied to them
• This can cause layering and can cause bands of different color crystals
![Page 249: 2 nd Quarter Study Guide. SOME STUDY IS HIGHLY RECOMMENDED BY THE MANAGEMENT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e3c5503460f94b2eab5/html5/thumbnails/249.jpg)
• What sometimes happens to the crystals in a rock when they are exposed to extreme pressure?
![Page 250: 2 nd Quarter Study Guide. SOME STUDY IS HIGHLY RECOMMENDED BY THE MANAGEMENT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e3c5503460f94b2eab5/html5/thumbnails/250.jpg)
•They flatten out
![Page 251: 2 nd Quarter Study Guide. SOME STUDY IS HIGHLY RECOMMENDED BY THE MANAGEMENT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e3c5503460f94b2eab5/html5/thumbnails/251.jpg)
• When these crystals are squashed, in what direction do they go?
![Page 252: 2 nd Quarter Study Guide. SOME STUDY IS HIGHLY RECOMMENDED BY THE MANAGEMENT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e3c5503460f94b2eab5/html5/thumbnails/252.jpg)
•sideways (90 degrees) from the direction the pressure is applied
![Page 253: 2 nd Quarter Study Guide. SOME STUDY IS HIGHLY RECOMMENDED BY THE MANAGEMENT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e3c5503460f94b2eab5/html5/thumbnails/253.jpg)
• Banding and thin layers are both examples of ________
![Page 254: 2 nd Quarter Study Guide. SOME STUDY IS HIGHLY RECOMMENDED BY THE MANAGEMENT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e3c5503460f94b2eab5/html5/thumbnails/254.jpg)
•FOLIATION
![Page 255: 2 nd Quarter Study Guide. SOME STUDY IS HIGHLY RECOMMENDED BY THE MANAGEMENT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e3c5503460f94b2eab5/html5/thumbnails/255.jpg)
•Gneiss has what type of banding?
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•Nice easy to see banding
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•Shist has what type of banding?
![Page 258: 2 nd Quarter Study Guide. SOME STUDY IS HIGHLY RECOMMENDED BY THE MANAGEMENT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e3c5503460f94b2eab5/html5/thumbnails/258.jpg)
• a good example of a foliated metamorphic rock is
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• Gneiss
•Schist
•Slate
•Mica
•Phylite
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![Page 261: 2 nd Quarter Study Guide. SOME STUDY IS HIGHLY RECOMMENDED BY THE MANAGEMENT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e3c5503460f94b2eab5/html5/thumbnails/261.jpg)
• SOME STUDY IS HIGHLY
RECOMMENDED BY THE MANAGEMENT
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•Keep going!
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Mountain and Volcano Quiz
Prep
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•SOME STUDY IS HIGHLY RECOMMENDED
BY THE MANAGEMENT
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What Type of Volcano?
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•Cinder Cone
![Page 267: 2 nd Quarter Study Guide. SOME STUDY IS HIGHLY RECOMMENDED BY THE MANAGEMENT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e3c5503460f94b2eab5/html5/thumbnails/267.jpg)
•What are cinder cones made of?
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•Loose bubbly light weight chunks of rocks
•Rubble
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•Why are cinder cones not steeper?
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•Cinder Cones have moderately sloping sides because loose rubble doesn’t stack well.
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What Type of Volcano?
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Shield
![Page 273: 2 nd Quarter Study Guide. SOME STUDY IS HIGHLY RECOMMENDED BY THE MANAGEMENT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e3c5503460f94b2eab5/html5/thumbnails/273.jpg)
•Why are shield volcanoes not steeper?
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• The lava shield volcanoes are made of is very thin and travels long distances before it hardens.
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What Type of Volcano?
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Composite
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•Why are composite volcanoes named composite?
![Page 278: 2 nd Quarter Study Guide. SOME STUDY IS HIGHLY RECOMMENDED BY THE MANAGEMENT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e3c5503460f94b2eab5/html5/thumbnails/278.jpg)
They are composed of many different types of layers
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•What is the tallest type of mountain on Earth?
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• A shield Volcano named Mona Loa in the Hawaiian Islands.
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•Which type of volcano is most likely to blow up?
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•Composite
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•Why do Composite volcanoes tend to blow up?
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• They are very weak because many of their layers are nothing but ash or cinder. When too much pressure builds up, they blow their layers apart.
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•Which type of volcano makes a lot of noise and fireworks, but isn’t too likely to explode?
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•Cinder Cone
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•What caused the Hawaiian Islands to form?
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•Hot spots
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•Why are there so many islands?
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• The Earth’s crust is moving, but the hot spot is not. Consequently, new volcanoes form over the hot spot after the old ones move away.
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•What type of volcano is found at Yellowstone?
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•A Supervolcano
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•Why did they have a hard time locating the Yellowstone Volcano?
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•It is so big that you have to be in space to see the whole caldera.
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•Where can we find some composite volcanoes in the USA?
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• Along the Pacific coast in Washington and Oregon.
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•What caused these coastal volcanoes to form?
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• The Cascade range was formed by a subduction zone where the oceanic plate is sliding under the continental plate.
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•What are island arc volcanoes caused by?
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•Island arc volcanoes are caused by the convergence of 2 oceanic plates
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•What does ISOSTASY refer to?
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• The balance of the weight of a mountain against the buoyancy of its base which is submerged in the Earth’s mantle
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•The Appalachian Mountains are what type of mountains?
![Page 304: 2 nd Quarter Study Guide. SOME STUDY IS HIGHLY RECOMMENDED BY THE MANAGEMENT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e3c5503460f94b2eab5/html5/thumbnails/304.jpg)
•Folded Mountains
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•Where are the Appalachian Mountains?
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• They run from Georgia to Maine parallel to the Atlantic Coast
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•What caused the Appalachian Mountains to form?
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• They formed by continental/continental convergence when North America crashed into Africa.
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• Why does Oceanic/Continental convergence usually only volcanoes while Continental/Continental convergence causes a few volcanoes AND folded mountains?
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• Because oceanic crust forms a continuous subduction zone and almost no collision while continental collisions only form a limited subduction zone, as they make a great big crash
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•What causes peaks and valleys in folded mountains?
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• The softer layers of uplifted rock wear away quicker than the harder layers
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What is an uplifted mountain?
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• A mountain that was formed by being pushed upward by currents in the Earth’s mantle.
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•Where can you find uplifted mountains?
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•The closest ones are the Adirondacks in New York State.
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• Why are the Adirondack mountains not in long chains like the Appalachian mountains?
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• The Adirondacks were uplifted while the long folds of the Appalachians were caused by a collision of the whole coast of the continent.
![Page 319: 2 nd Quarter Study Guide. SOME STUDY IS HIGHLY RECOMMENDED BY THE MANAGEMENT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e3c5503460f94b2eab5/html5/thumbnails/319.jpg)
•What causes a fault block mountain?
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• Fault block mountains are caused by a continental plate that is trying to split apart. The mantle pushes it up and spreads it. As the 2 sides pull apart, huge blocks of rock drop along the fault lines, leaving mountains on one side of the fault.
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•Where in the US can we find fault block mountains?
![Page 322: 2 nd Quarter Study Guide. SOME STUDY IS HIGHLY RECOMMENDED BY THE MANAGEMENT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e3c5503460f94b2eab5/html5/thumbnails/322.jpg)
•The Grand Tetons in Wyoming
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